Rikunarita-ORG/Wikinium huggingface dataset:
# Coordinated Universal Time

Time in Europe:

|  |  |
| --- | --- |
| Light Blue | Western European Time / Greenwich Mean Time (UTC) |
| Blue | Western European Time / Greenwich Mean Time (UTC) |
| Western European Summer Time / British Summer Time / Irish Standard Time (UTC+1) |
| Red | Central European Time (UTC+1) |
| Central European Summer Time (UTC+2) |
| Yellow | Eastern European Time / Kaliningrad Time (UTC+2) |
| Ochre | Eastern European Time (UTC+2) |
| Eastern European Summer Time (UTC+3) |
| Green | Moscow Time / Turkey Time (UTC+3) |
| Turquoise | Armenia Time / Azerbaijan Time / Georgia Time / Samara Time (UTC+4) |

▉▉▉▉ Pale colours: Standard time observed all year
▉▉▉ Dark colours: Summer time observed

**Coordinated Universal Time** (or **UTC**) is the standard time system of the world. It is the standard by which the world regulates clocks and time. It is, within about 1 second, mean solar time at 0° longitude.

The standard before was Greenwich Mean Time (GMT). UTC and GMT are almost the same. In fact, there is no practical difference which would be noticed by ordinary people.

Some websites, for example Wikipedia, use UTC because it does not make any country look more important than the others. It offers one time for all the Internet (the same time can be used by people all over the world).

Time zones are often named by how many hours they are different from UTC time. For example, UTC−5 (United States east coast) is 5 hours behind UTC. If the time is 07:00 UTC, the local time is 02:00 in New York (UTC−5) and 10:00 in Moscow (UTC+3).

07:00 UTC is also written more simply as 0700Z (or 07:00Z).

Note that UTC uses the 24-hour clock. That means there is no 'AM' or 'PM'. For example, 4:00PM would be 16:00 or 1600. UTC also does not use daylight saving time - that way the time stays consistent the entire year.

When this page loaded, it was Monday**, Template:2026 Template:July Template:12, Template:13:21 in UTC**.

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| Standard Time Zones Map, as of August 21 1988 |
# Posthumous name

A **posthumous name** is an honorary name given to someone after their death. This type of name was common with naming royalty in the countries of Japan and China. They were also sometimes used in Vietnam and Korea.

## History

This idea was created during the Zhou Dynasty in China. The first person to be named in this way was Ji Chang, named by his son. His son, Ji Fa of Zhou, called his father the "Civil King". This meant that he found his father to be good and sympathetic to the people he ruled.

These sort of names were not used during the Qin Dynasty. During that time, these names were not thought to show respect. Posthumous names were used again during the Han Dynasty.

## Chinese emperors

Chinese posthumous names, for rulers, end in one or both symbols for "emperor", *Huángdì*. This can be shortened to *Dì*.

These names were sometimes very long. They can be good names or bad. Good names are called respectful names (or *zūn hào* in Chinese). Some of these names are:

* "**pitiful**", for those who were often sad during their rule.
* "**lamentable**", for those who lose their spouse's and pass away at an early age.
* "**civil**", for those who had sympathised with their people. This is one of the most honorable names.
* "**majestic**", for those who showed virtue to the people.

## Japanese emperors

The posthumous names of Japanese emperors are called *teigō*. Some names are given a long time after their death. Others are given right after the emperor had died.

Some of these names tell about the place they were born or lived in, or traits they had that their people admired.

Some also put together two previous emperors' or empresses' names, like Empress **Meishō**. The empresses before her were called Gem**mei** and Gen**shō**. So her name became **Meishō**.

## Related pages

* Personal name
* Family name
* Given name
* Regnal name
* Surname

## Other websites

* Posthumous names in China Archived 2005-11-23 at the Wayback Machine
# Sui dynasty

| SuiChinese: 隋 |
| --- |
| 581–618 |
| Sui dynasty c. 609 |
| Capital | Daxing (581–605), Luoyang (605–618) |
| Common languages | Middle Chinese |
| Religion  | Buddhism, Taoism, Confucianism, Chinese folk religion, Zoroastrianism |
| Government | Monarchy |
| List of emperors of China |   |
|  |
| • 581–604  | Emperor Wen |
| • 604–617  | Emperor Yang |
| • 617–618  | Emperor Gong |
|  |
| Historical era | Post-classical era |
|  |
| • Ascension of Yang Jian  | 4 March 581 |
| • Abolished by Li Yuan  | 23 May 618 |
|  |
| Area |
| 589 | 3,000,000 km2 (1,200,000 sq mi) |
|

|  |  |
| --- | --- |
| **Preceded by** | **Succeeded by** |
|

|  |  |
| --- | --- |
|  | Chen dynasty |

 |

|  |  |
| --- | --- |
| Tang dynasty |  |

 |

 |
| Today part of | * China
* Vietnam
 |

The **Sui Dynasty** ([swěi], Chinese: 隋朝; pinyin: *Suí cháo*) was an imperial dynasty of China between the years 581 and 618. It followed the "Jin period" and was followed by the Tang Dynasty. It ended nearly four centuries of division between rival regimes.

The Sui Dynasty was founded by Emperor Wen, or *Yang Jian*. Its capital was Chang'an (present-day Xi'an). The dynasty is important because it reunited Southern and Northern China and the Grand Canal was built in that time.

## Related pages

* History of China

## Other websites

* Sui Dynasty at mnsu.edu Archived 2007-08-10 at the Wayback Machine
# Jiangsu

Jiangsu in China
**Jiangsu** is a province on the east coast of mainland China. Jiangsu borders Shandong in the north, Anhui to the west, and Zhejiang and Shanghai to the south. The capital of the province is Nanjing. Nanjing is the old capital of China. In 2021, about 85,054,000 people live in Jiangsu.

## Other websites

 Media related to Jiangsu at Wikimedia Commons
# Tang dynasty

| Tang唐 |
| --- |
| * 618–907
* 690–705: Wu Zhou dynasty
 |
| Tang dynasty c. 800. Map of China during the Tang Dynasty. |
| Capital | * Chang'an (618–684 and 705–904)
* Luoyang (684–705 and 904–907)
 |
| Common languages | Middle Chinese |
| Religion  | * Chinese Buddhism
* Taoism
* Chinese folk religion
* Nestorianism
* Manichaeism
* Zoroastrianism
 |
| Government | Monarchy |
| Emperor |   |
|  |
| • 618–626 (first) | Emperor Gaozu |
| • 626–649  | Emperor Taizong |
| • 712–756  | Emperor Xuanzong |
| • 904–907 (last) | Emperor Ai |
|  |
| History |   |
|  |
| • Established  | June 18, 618 |
| • Usurped by Wu Zetian  | 690–705a |
| • An Lushan Rebellion, also called the An–Shi Rebellion Traditional Chinese: 安史之亂)  | 755–763b |
| • Abdication in favour of the Later Liang (Traditional Chinese: 後梁)  | June 1, 907 |
|  |
| Area |
| • Total | 12,340,000 km2 (4,760,000 sq mi) |
| Population |
|  |
| • 7th century  | 50 million |
| • 9th century  | 80 million |
|  |
| Currency | * Chinese coin
* Chinese cash
 |
|

|  |  |
| --- | --- |
| **Preceded by** | **Succeeded by** |
|

|  |  |
| --- | --- |
|  | Sui dynasty |
|  | Eastern Turkic Khaganate |
|  | Western Turkic Khaganate |
|  | Goguryeo |

 |

|  |  |
| --- | --- |
| Later Liang |  |
| Wu |  |
| Wuyue |  |
| Min |  |
| Former Shu |  |
| Khitans |  |

 |

 |
| a October 8, 690 – March 3, 705. b December 16, 755 – February 17, 763. |

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| --- |
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The **Tang dynasty** (Chinese: 唐朝; pinyin: *Tángcháo*) (June 18, 618 – June 4, 907) was an imperial dynasty of China.

## History

The Tang Dynasty came after the Sui Dynasty (隋) and was followed by the Five Dynasties and Ten Kingdoms Period (Traditional Chinese: 五代十國). It was founded by the Li (李) family, who came to power during the fall of the Sui Dynasty. The dynasty was interrupted briefly by the Wu Zhou (Traditional Chinese: 武周) usurper regime, (October 16, 690 – March 3, 705) founded by Empress Wu Zetian (Traditional Chinese: 武則天) who managed to claim the throne, becoming the first and only Chinese Empress.

The Tang Dynasty, with its capital at Chang'an (Traditional Chinese: 長安) in present-day Xi'an (Traditional Chinese: 西安), was the biggest city in the world at the time. It is considered by historians as a high point in Chinese civilization – maybe even greater than the earlier Han Dynasty (Traditional Chinese: 漢朝) – as well as a golden age of cosmopolitan culture. Empress Wu, the first woman to ever rule in China, was also included in the Tang Dynasty. Her ruling methods were sometimes vicious, but she was very talented and intelligent.

## Related pages

* Taoism
* East Asia
* Silk Road
* Buddhism
* Central Asia
* History of Asia
* History of China

## Other websites

* The Tang Dynasty at the Metropolitan Museum of Art
* Home of 300 Tang Poems, University of Virginia
* The Tang Dynasty Archived 2011-07-07 at the Wayback Machine at AsianSpiritGallery