Rikunarita-ORG/Wikinium huggingface dataset:
# NoSQL

A very common programming language for accessing a database is called SQL. Many of these databases use the mathematical concept of relations to store the data. **NoSQL** is a term for databases that do not use relations, to store the data in the database. Relational databases have the benefit of being able to guarantee that all the data stored in the database is consistent. The drawback of this is that the cost of indexing the data grows with the amount of data.

NoSQL approaches do not give strong guarantees about consistency, but they are able to better handle the situations where relational database systems have problems coping.

NoSQL is a non-relational DBMS, that does not require a fixed schema, avoid joins, and is easy to scale.

The purpose of using a NoSQL database is for distributed data stores with humongous data storage needs.

NoSQL is used for Big data and real-time web apps. For example, companies like twitter, Facebook, google collect terabytes of user data every single day.

NoSQL DBs could be grouped as follows, but these are archetypes rather than strict boundaries :

* Wide Column Stores, like Cassandra.
* Key Value Stores, like Redis.
* Document DBs, like CouchDB.
* Graph DBs, like Neo4j.
# TypeScript

TypeScript|  |
| Paradigm | Multi-paradigm: functional, generic, imperative, object-oriented |
| Designed by | Microsoft |
| Developer | Microsoft |
| First appeared | 1 October 2012 (2012-10-01) |
| Stable release | 7.0.2  / 8 July 2026 (8 July 2026) |
| Typing discipline | Duck, gradual, structural |
| License | Apache License 2.0 |
| Filename extensions | .ts, .tsx |
| Website | www.typescriptlang.org |
| Influenced by |
| C#, Java, JavaScript |
| Influenced |
| AtScript, AssemblyScript |

**TypeScript** is a programming language from Microsoft. It is a type of JavaScript that adds static typing. It became public in October 2012 when Microsoft worked on it for two years.

TypeScript can be compiled to most versions of ECMAScript (JavaScript).
# Manufacturing

Manufacturing of a car in Tesla Inc.
**Manufacturing** is producing goods out of raw materials. It is a branch of industry. It includes making big, complicated things that need many steps to finish, and small, simple things. Often machines are involved in manufacturing.

In the past, products were made by handicraft workers using tools and manual labor. In modern times, most manufacturing jobs were replaced by automated machines in a factory, which made the products much faster and in turn - cheaper than humans could.

## Related pages

* Flexible manufacturing system

## Other websites

* How Everyday Things Are Made Archived 2018-11-19 at the Wayback Machine
* Engineers Edge
* Manufacturers Alliance
* Logistics Quarterly Archived 2007-02-05 at the Wayback Machine
* National Association of Manufacturers
# Greenlandic language

| Greenlandic |
| --- |
| kalaallisut |
| Native to |  Greenland (Denmark)  Canada  Denmark (mainland) |
| Ethnicity | Greenlandic Inuit |
| Native speakers | 56,200, 88% of ethnic population (2007) |
| Language family | Eskaleut
* Eskimo
	+ Inuit
		- **Greenlandic**
 |
| Early forms | Old Greenlandic
* Middle Greenlandic
 |
| Dialects | * Kalaallisut
* Tunumiit oraasiat
* Inuktun
 |
| Writing system | Latin Scandinavian Braille |
| Official status |
| Official language in |  Greenland (Denmark) |
| Recognised minority language in |  Denmark (mainland) |
| Regulated by | The Greenland Language Secretariat Oqaasileriffik |
| Language codes |
| ISO 639-1 | `kl` |
| ISO 639-2 | `kal` |
| ISO 639-3 | `kal` |
| *Glottolog* | *None* `kala1399` |
| ELP | Kalaallisut |
|  |
|

**Greenlandic** can be divided into three dialects:

**Kalaallisut** or, in English, Greenlandic, is the standard dialect and official language of Greenland. This standard national language is now taught to all Greenlanders in school, regardless of their native dialect. It is related to Inuktitut. It reflects almost exclusively the language of western Greenland and has borrowed a great deal of vocabulary from Danish, while Canadian and Alaskan Inuit languages have tended to take words from English or sometimes French and Russian. It is written using the Roman alphabet. The dialect of the Upernavik area in northwest Greenland is somewhat different in sound from the standard dialect.

**Tunumiit oraasiat**, (or Tunumiisut in Kalaallisut, often East Greenlandic in other languages), is the dialect of eastern Greenland. It differs sharply from other Inuit language variants and has roughly 3,000 speakers.

**Avanersuaq** is the dialect of the area around Qaanaaq in northern Greenland. It is sometimes called the Thule dialect or North Greenlandic. This area is the northernmost settlement area of the Inuit and has a relatively small number of speakers. It is reputed to be fairly close to the North Baffin dialect, since a group of Inuit from Baffin Island settled in the area during the 19th and early 20th centuries. It counts under 1,000 speakers.
# Four Noble Truths

| **Buddhism**
 |
| --- |
| **Basic terms** |
| * Three Jewels
* Four Noble Truths

---

* + Dukkha Suffering
	+ Samudaya Cause of Suffering
	+ Nirodha Cessation of Suffering
	+ Magga Noble Eight Fold Path
* Buddhahood
* Enlightenment
* Nirvana
 |
| **People** |
| * Gautama Buddha
* Dalai Lama
* Bodhisattva
* Sangha
 |
| **Schools** |
| * Theravada
* Mahayana
	+ Zen
* Vajrayana
	+ Nyingma
	+ Kagyu
	+ Sakya
	+ Gelug
 |
| **Practices** |
| * Dharma study
* Noble Eightfold Path
* Meditation
* Chanting
* Metta
 |
| This box: * view
* talk
* edit
 |

The **Four Noble Truths** are a Buddhist teaching. They show Buddhists why they should follow the Middle Way.

## The Four Noble Truths

### The First Noble Truth

The first noble truth is called *Dukkha*, which means *suffering*. It says that life is full of suffering. To say it in a different way, in life, there is sickness, poverty (being poor), old age, and death. People can not keep what they want. People can not avoid what they do not want. If that is all a person learns, they suffer.

### The Second Noble Truth

The second noble truth is *Samudaya*, which says that there is a reason for suffering in the world. It says that the reason there is suffering is that people want things. It also says that the reason there is suffering is that people want what they think is real. They do this because they are ignorant. People do wrong actions because they want things and because they do not see what is real. Those evil actions lead to suffering.

### The Third Noble Truth

The third noble truth is *Nirodha*. It says that people can be free from suffering when they no longer want things.

### The Fourth Noble Truth

The fourth noble truth is called *Marga*. It says that for a person to stop wanting things, they must follow a set of rules. The rules are called the Noble Eightfold Path.

## The Eightfold Path

*See main article: Noble Eightfold Path*
The eightfold path says that truth is found in the Middle Way. A person can get to the Middle Way by following the eightfold path. The eight parts are:

* *Right Vision*. A person should try to see things the way they really are.
* *Right Values*. A person should try to turn their mind away from the world and towards the Dharma.
* *Right Speech*. A person should try to be truthful and kind when they talk.
* *Right Actions*. A person should try to do good things. If they cannot do a good thing, then they should try to not do a bad thing.
* *Right Livelihood*. A person should not work at something that can hurt themselves or other people.
* *Right Effort*. A person should try to increase their goodness and get rid of their evil.
* *Right Mindfulness*. A person must remember the Dharma and use it all the time
* *Right Meditation*. A person must try to reach enlightenment through meditation.

## Other websites

* The Four Noble Truths: A Study Guide

* The Sixteen Aspects and Sixteen Distorted Ways of Embracing the Four Noble Truths
# Yunnan

Yunnan Province in China
**Yunnan** (simplified Chinese: 云南; traditional Chinese: 雲南; listen) is a province in southwest province of the People's Republic of China. The area of Yunnan Province is 394,100 km2 (152,200 sq mi). It spans approximately 394,000 square kilometres (152,000 sq mi) and has a population of 47.2 million (as of 2020). The capital of the province is Kunming. The province borders Vietnam, Laos and Burma.

## Political divisions

Yunnan Province is divided into eight municipalities (地级市) and eight autonomous prefectures (自治州).

* Kunming Municipality (昆明市) - Provincial capital
* Qujing Municipality (曲靖市)
* Yuxi Municipality (玉溪市)
* Baoshan Municipality (保山市)
* Zhaotong Municipality (昭通市)
* Lijiang Municipality (丽江市)
* Pu'er Municipality (普洱市)
* Lincang Municipality (临沧市)
* Dehong
* Nujiang
* Diqing
* Dali
* Chuxiong
* Honghe
* Wenshan
* Xishuangbanna

## Culture

Yunnan's cultural life is one of remarkable diversity. It is famous for ethnic minority groups, Yuanmou Human archaeological findings, ancient Tea Horse Road legends, Puer teas and Yunnan Baiyao medicines.

## Tourism

* Dali, the historic center of the Nanzhao and Dali kingdoms.
* Chuxiong, the first stop on the way to Dali and Lijiang. Home of the Yi ethnic minority and their respective ancient town.
* Jinghong, the center and prefectural capital of the Xishuangbanna Dai minority autonomous prefecture.
* Lijiang, a Naxi minority city. It has been a UNESCO World Heritage Site since 1997.
* Xamgyi'nyilha County (also known as Shangri-La and formerly Zhongdian), an ethnic Tibetan township and county set high in Yunnan's northwestern mountains.
* Shilin (Stone Forest), a series of karst outcrops east of Kunming.
* Yuanyang, a Hani minority settlement with vast rice-terraced mountains.
* Xishuangbanna, a national scenic resort, noted for its natural and cultural attractions.

## Other websites

* Yunnan Travel Guide
# 21st century

The **21st century** began on January 1, 2001 and will end on December 31, 2100.

## Years

Note: years before or after the twenty-first century are in *italics*.

|  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| *1993* | *1994* | *1995* | *1996* | *1997* | *1998* | *1999* | *2000* | 2001 | 2002 |
| 2003 | 2004 | 2005 | 2006 | 2007 | 2008 | 2009 | 2010 | 2011 | 2012 |
| 2013 | 2014 | 2015 | 2016 | 2017 | 2018 | 2019 | 2020 | 2021 | 2022 |
| 2023 | 2024 | 2025 | 2026 | 2027 | 2028 | 2029 | 2030 | 2031 | 2032 |
| 2033 | 2034 | 2035 | 2036 | 2037 | 2038 | 2039 | 2040 | 2041 | 2042 |
| 2043 | 2044 | 2045 | 2046 | 2047 | 2048 | 2049 | 2050 | 2051 | 2052 |
| 2053 | 2054 | 2055 | 2056 | 2057 | 2058 | 2059 | 2060 | 2061 | 2062 |
| 2063 | 2064 | 2065 | 2066 | 2067 | 2068 | 2069 | 2070 | 2071 | 2072 |
| 2073 | 2074 | 2075 | 2076 | 2077 | 2078 | 2079 | 2080 | 2081 | 2082 |
| 2083 | 2084 | 2085 | 2086 | 2087 | 2088 | 2089 | 2090 | 2091 | 2092 |
| 2093 | 2094 | 2095 | 2096 | 2097 | 2098 | 2099 | 2100 | *2101* | *2102* |

## Related pages

* 11th century (1001-1100)
# Industrial park

The Haier Industrial Park in Qingdao, China.
An **industrial park** is an area made for industrial development. It is similar to a business park or an office park. An industrial park can have factories, oil refineries, and warehouses. They can also have other industrial buildings.

Industrial parks are normally built away from places where people live. They can usually be accessed in more than one way. The most common ways are by road and train.
# East China Normal University

**East China Normal University** or **ECNU**, is a public research university in Shanghai. It is regarded as one of the most prestigious universities in China and is sponsored by the national programs "Project 211" and "Project 985".

## Other websites

* Home Page Archived 2013-01-15 at the Wayback Machine
* Official Facebook page
* Campus Tour Archived 2013-03-25 at the Wayback Machine
* Global Education Center/International Students Office, ECNU Archived 2013-04-25 at the Wayback Machine
* NYU Shanghai Archived 2013-03-18 at the Wayback Machine
# Team

A **team** is a group of people who have a certain task to complete. In order to meet their target, the members of the group must work well with each other.

Successful team - a group of people who tend to meet their target despite barriers. The group members cooperate with each other and take other members' ideas into consideration.

Unsuccessful team - a group of people who have a very difficult time when attempting to complete a certain task. This may be because the members of the group think of only themselves and create an uncomfortable environment for other members of the team.
# Flag of the Republic of China

The flag of the Republic of China
The **flag of the Republic of China or Taiwan** is a red flag with a navy blue canton bearing a white sun with 12 triangular rays. In Chinese, the flag is commonly described as **Blue Sky, White Sun, and a Wholly Red Earth(青天白日滿地紅)** to reflect its property.

The flag was first used in mainland China as the Navy flag in 1912, and was made the official national flag of the Republic of China (ROC) in 1928 by the Kuomintang (KMT). The flag is no longer used in mainland China after the People's Republic of China was made in 1949.
# Singapore Armed Forces

The **Singapore Armed Forces** (**SAF**) is the military arm of the Total Defence of the Republic of Singapore; as well as the military component of the Ministry of Defence.

The SAF has three services: the Singapore Army, the Republic of Singapore Air Force (RSAF) and the Republic of Singapore Navy (RSN). The SAF protects the interests, sovereignty and territorial integrity of Singapore from external threats.

The SAF relies heavily on a large pool of conscripts in the active and reserve forces. It has an active strength of around 71,600 personnel and is capable of mobilising over 900,000 reservists. National Servicemen (NSmen) make up more than 80% of its military defence system and form the backbone of the SAF.

SAF uses the SAR-21 rifle.
# Island

Ireland (left) and Great Britain (right), are islands of north-west Europe
Bangchuidao Island is an islet composed mostly of rock, in Dalian, Liaoning Province, China.
The islands of Fernando de Noronha, Brazil, are the visible parts of submerged mountains.
An **island** is a piece of land that is surrounded by a body of water such as a lake, river, sea or ocean. Islands are smaller than continents. Although there are many Islands that are surrounded by fresh water, the vast majority of them are surrounded by oceans.

Greenland and Australia are huge islands, but they are built of continental rock, and the latter is generally considered a continent. The most ancient part of continental rock is far older and chemically more complex than the rock of the sea floor.

The heart of continents is their cratons, which are the most ancient and stable parts of the Earth's crust. In the cratons are all the rare elements needed for electronic equipment. They were swept up as the Sun moved through areas where supernovae had exploded. The rare elements we need were all got indirectly from supernovae explosions. The Sun's energy comes from turning hydrogen into helium.

There are some islands which do have rare elements, and that is a sign that they were once part of a large supercontinent. So Great Britain was once part of a supercontinent. The oldest rocks are 2,700 million years old, and include many rare elements only found in cratons. Britain is a snapped-off piece of the *Old Red Sandstone continent*, now known as Laurasia.

Other islands that were formed from the ocean floor, as Japan, and Hawaii were, lack most of the rare elements. Japan has for many years since WWII imported iron ore from Australia. Its seizing of Manchukuo (~Manchuria) and the infamous attack on Pearl Harbour no doubt had many reasons. Lack of raw materials was one of these Now it looks for potential in its nearby deep-sea muds.

Manchuria
## Big islands

### In Europe

* Great Britain 218,995 km²
* Iceland 101,826 km²
* Ireland 81,638 km²
* The island in the north of Novaja Zemlja 47,079 km²
* Spitsbergen 38,981 km²
* The island in the south of Novaja Zemlja 33,246 km²
* Sicily 25,662 km²
* Sardinia 23,812 km²
* Nordaustlandet (archipelago of Svalbard, Norway) 14,247 km²
* Corsica 8,741 km²

### Other places

* Australia 7,662,000 km²
* Cyprus 9,234 km²
* Greenland 2,130,800 km²
* New Guinea 785,753 km²
* Borneo 748,138 km²
* Madagascar 587,041 km²
* Baffin 507,451 km²
* Sumatra 442,658 km²
* Honshu 233,000 km2
* Victoria Island 217,000 km2
* Ellesmere Island 196,000 km2
# Syr Darya

Syr Darya in Khujand, Tajikistan.
The **Syr Darya** is a river in Central Asia. Its name, which comes from Persian, means Syr Sea or Syr River. It starts in the Tian Shan Mountains in Kyrgyzstan and eastern Uzbekistan, flowing west and north-west for about 2,256 kilometers through Uzbekistan and southern Kazakhstan. Eventually, it reaches the northern parts of the Aral Sea.

The Syr Darya is one of the two main rivers that feed into the Aral Sea. The other is the Amu Darya. In the past, extensive irrigation projects took water from these rivers for farmland, leading to the shrinking of the Aral Sea, once the world's fourth-largest lake. The point where the river enters Uzbekistan from Tajikistan is the lowest elevation in Tajikistan, at 300 meters above sea level.

## Name

The local name Syr (Sïr) appeared in the 16th century. In the 17th century, Abu al-Ghazi Bahadur Khan, a historian and ruler of Khiva, referred to the Aral Sea as the "Sea of Sïr" or Sïr Tengizi.

The second part of the name, "darya," means "lake" or "sea" in Persian, and "river" in Tajik. This name has been used since the 18th century.
# Yellow River

Yellow River or Huáng Hé
The Yellow River at LanzhouThe **Yellow River** (Huáng Hé 黄河) is the second longest river in China (after Yangtze River) and the sixth longest in the world. The river is 5464 km long and it drains at the Bohai Sea, a gulf of the Yellow Sea. The river is often called the "Mother River of China" and "the Cradle of the Chinese civilization" in China. In Chinese mythology, the river is home to the deity Hebo.

## Other websites

* Yellow River delta Information at LSU
* Listen to the *Yellow River Ballade* from the *Yellow River Cantata*
* "A Troubled River Mirrors China’s Path to Modernity" *New York Times* November 19, 2006
* Illustrations of Guarding the Yellow River Archived 2014-05-13 at the Wayback Machine is an old book that shows how China protected the cities around the River from flooding.
* Illustrated Work on the Storage and Drainage Activities at the Lakes and Rivers of the Yellow River and the Grand Canal Archived 2014-05-13 at the Wayback Machine
# Coordinated Universal Time

Time in Europe:

|  |  |
| --- | --- |
| Light Blue | Western European Time / Greenwich Mean Time (UTC) |
| Blue | Western European Time / Greenwich Mean Time (UTC) |
| Western European Summer Time / British Summer Time / Irish Standard Time (UTC+1) |
| Red | Central European Time (UTC+1) |
| Central European Summer Time (UTC+2) |
| Yellow | Eastern European Time / Kaliningrad Time (UTC+2) |
| Ochre | Eastern European Time (UTC+2) |
| Eastern European Summer Time (UTC+3) |
| Green | Moscow Time / Turkey Time (UTC+3) |
| Turquoise | Armenia Time / Azerbaijan Time / Georgia Time / Samara Time (UTC+4) |

▉▉▉▉ Pale colours: Standard time observed all year
▉▉▉ Dark colours: Summer time observed

**Coordinated Universal Time** (or **UTC**) is the standard time system of the world. It is the standard by which the world regulates clocks and time. It is, within about 1 second, mean solar time at 0° longitude.

The standard before was Greenwich Mean Time (GMT). UTC and GMT are almost the same. In fact, there is no practical difference which would be noticed by ordinary people.

Some websites, for example Wikipedia, use UTC because it does not make any country look more important than the others. It offers one time for all the Internet (the same time can be used by people all over the world).

Time zones are often named by how many hours they are different from UTC time. For example, UTC−5 (United States east coast) is 5 hours behind UTC. If the time is 07:00 UTC, the local time is 02:00 in New York (UTC−5) and 10:00 in Moscow (UTC+3).

07:00 UTC is also written more simply as 0700Z (or 07:00Z).

Note that UTC uses the 24-hour clock. That means there is no 'AM' or 'PM'. For example, 4:00PM would be 16:00 or 1600. UTC also does not use daylight saving time - that way the time stays consistent the entire year.

When this page loaded, it was Sunday**, Template:2026 Template:July Template:12, Template:13:21 in UTC**.

|  |
| --- |
| Standard Time Zones Map, as of August 21st 1988 |
# Mallorca

**Majorca
Mallorca**| Native name: Mallorca |
| --- |
| Flag of Majorca |
|  |
| Administration |
| **Spain** |
| Autonomous Community | Balearic Islands |
| Province | Balearic Islands |
| Capital and largest city | Palma (pop. 404,681) |
| Demographics |
| Population | 869,067 (1 January 2010) |
| Pop. density | 238.75/km2 (618.36/sq mi) |

**Majorca** (or **Mallorca)** is a Spanish island in the Mediterranean Sea. It is the largest of the Balearic Islands. About 869,067 people (as of January 1, 2010) live on Mallorca, making it the most populated island of Spain. Palma de Mallorca is the capital of Mallorca. Palma has a population of 375,000. Mallorca has one international airport, one university and its own subway. The economy of the island depends on the tourism industry.

Other important cities in Mallorca are Calvià (43.499), Manacor (35.908), Llucmajor (29.891), Marratxí (28.237), Inca (26.504), Felanitx (16.566), Pollença (15.987), Alcúdia (15.897) and Sóller (12.521).
# Gravitational energy

**Gravitational energy** is the potential energy held by an object because of its high position compared to a lower position. In other words, it is energy associated with gravity or gravitational force. For example, a pen being held above a table has a higher **gravitational potential** than a pen sitting on the table. Gravitational potential energy is mechanical energy minus kinetic energy. It has a scalar quantity measured in Joules (J).

An object gets gravitational potential energy when it moves uphill. The energy used up when moving up the hill is changed into gravitational potential energy. When the object comes back down again, the gravitational potential energy is turned back into kinetic energy (movement). That is why riding a bike up a steep hill is very hard, but when you are coming back down, you will not need to pedal at all - you are being powered by the gravitational potential energy that you stored when you rode up the hill. Another way gravitational potential energy helps us is by keeping earth and the other planets in orbit in our solar system around the Sun.

## Formula and example

The mathematical formula for the gravitational potential energy:

Gravitational potential energy = WIKINIUM\_MATH\_PH\_0

Where:

* *m* is the *mass of the object* ,
* *g* is the gravitational acceleration of the object , and
* *h* is the *height above a chosen point*.

Most scientists and students use these measurement unit:

* The value *m* is in kilograms.
* The value *h* is in metres.
* The value *g* is a physical constant with the value of 9.81 metres per second squared. This is known as the gravitational constant.
* The value of the gravitational potential energy that is calculated using values in the above units is called the Joule (J).

For example, an object with a mass of 1.5 kilograms that is 2.5 metres above the ground would have a gravitational potential energy value of:

 WIKINIUM\_MATH\_PH\_2 joules.