# Ghana

| Republic of Ghana |
| --- |
|
Flag

 Coat of arms

 |
| **Motto:**"Freedom and Justice" |
| **Anthem:** "God Bless Our Homeland Ghana" |
|  |
| Capitaland largest city | Accra ﻿ / ﻿ |
| Official languages | English |
| Government-sponsored languages | Akan, Ewe, Dagomba (Dagbani), Dangme, Dagaare, Ga, Nzema, Gonja, Kasem |
| Demonym(s) | Ghanaian |
| Government | Unitary presidential constitutional republic |
|  |
| • President  | John Mahama |
| • Vice President  | Jane Naana Opoku-Agyemang |
|  |
| Legislature | Parliament |
| Independence from the United Kingdom |
|  |
| • Declared  | 6 March 1957 |
| • Republic  | 1 July 1960 |
| • Current Constitution  | 28 April 1992 |
|  |
| Area |
| • Total | 239,567 km2 (92,497 sq mi) (80th) |
| • Water (%) | 4.61 |
| Population |
| • 2020 estimate | 31,072,940 (47th) |
| • 2010 census | 24,200,000 |
| • Density | 101.5/km2 (262.9/sq mi) (103rd) |
| GDP (PPP) | 2020 estimate |
| • Total | $226 billion |
| • Per capita | $7,343 |
| GDP (nominal) | 2020 estimate |
| • Total | $69.757 billion |
| • Per capita | $2,266 |
| Gini (2012) | 42.4 medium |
| HDI (2018) |  0.596 medium · 142nd |
| Currency | Ghana cedi (GH₵) (GHS) |
| Time zone | UTC0 (GMT) |
| Driving side | right |
| Calling code | +233 |
| ISO 3166 code | GH |
| Internet TLD | .gh |

**Ghana** (formerly the Gold Coast) is a country in West Africa. Thirty-one million people live there; its capital was once Cape Coast, but now it is Accra. It is in Western Africa, bordering the Gulf of Guinea, between Côte d'Ivoire, Nigeria and Togo.

Since Ghana is near the Equator, the climate is very warm and tropical. The eastern coastal belt is warm and comparatively dry. South west corner is hot and humid. The north is hot and dry. Lake Volta (the world’s largest artificial lake) extends through eastern Ghana.

Most Ghanaians have access to primary and secondary education. Ghana has a 6-year primary school system. There are 6 public universities and 10 private universities.

Ghana has many natural resources. The main exports are gold, timber, cocoa, diamonds, and more. Ghana has one of the strongest economies in Africa.

Ghana used “Cedi”

(CI-DI) for their currency but in July 2007, “Ghanaian Cedi” became the new currency. 1 Ghana Cedi is equal to 1000 Cedi. 1 US dollar is currently exchanged at about 11 Ghana Cedi.

## Geography

Beach in Ghana
Ghana is a country located on the Gulf of Guinea. It is only a few degrees north of the Equator. This gives it a warm climate. The country has an area of 238,500 km2 (92,085 sq mi). It is surrounded by Togo to the east, Côte d'Ivoire to the west, Burkina Faso to the north and the Gulf of Guinea (Atlantic Ocean) to the south.

The country has flat plains, low hills and a few rivers. Ghana can be divided into five different geographical regions. The coastline is mostly a low, sandy shore backed by plains and scrub. It is crossed by several rivers and streams. The northern part of the country has high plains. Southwest and south central Ghana is made up of a forested plateau region with the Ashanti uplands and the Kwahu Plateau. The hilly Akuapim-Togo ranges are found along the country's eastern border.

Although The Ashanti region is the most popular and strongest region of all.

The Volta Basin also takes up most of central Ghana. Ghana's highest point is Mount Afadjato. It is 885 m (2,904 ft) and is found in the Akwapim-Togo Ranges.

There are two main seasons in Ghana: the wet and the dry seasons. Northern Ghana has its rainy season from March to November. The south, including the capital Accra, has the season from April to mid-November.

## Regions and districts

Ghana is divided into 16 administrative regions, sub-divided into 275 districts:

Demographics of Ghana| Regions of Ghana | Area (km2) | Regional capitals |  |
| --- | --- | --- | --- |
| Ashanti Region | 24,389 | Kumasi |  The Ghanian national map from 1983 to 2019 |
| Bono Region | 39,557 | Sunyani |
| Ahafo Region |  | Goaso |
| Bono East Region |  | Techiman |
| Central Region | 9,826 | Cape Coast |
| Eastern Region | 19,323 | Koforidua |
| Greater Accra Region | 3,245 | Accra |
| Northern Region | 70,384 | Tamale |
| Savannah Region |  | Damongo |
| North East Region |  | Nalerigu |
| Upper East Region | 8,842 | Bolgatanga |
| Upper West Region | 18,476 | Wa |
| Volta Region | 20,570 | Ho |
| Oti Region |  | Dambai |
| Western Region | 23,941 | Sekondi-Takoradi |
| Western North Region |  | Wiawso |

## History

In 1482, Portuguese colonists from the expedition of Diogu de Azambuja were first on the coast who built Elmina Castle, then Aksim Fortresses, Shama and others. The Portuguese exported gold (the country was then called the Golden Beach) and slaves. By the middle of the 19th century, the United Kingdom pushed out from the other European competitors from the Golden coast.

## Sports

Football is the most popular sport. The national men's football team is known as the Black Stars. The under-20 team is known as the Black Satellites. Ghana has been in many championships including the African Cup of Nations, the FIFA World Cup and the FIFA U-20 World Cup. In the 2010 FIFA World Cup, Ghana became the third African country to reach the quarter final stage. There are several club football teams in Ghana, which play in the Ghana Premier League and Division One League. Both are managed by the Ghana Football Association.

The country also has quite a few quality boxers such as Azumah Nelson a three time world champion, Nana Yaw Konadu also a three time world champion, Ike Quartey, and Joshua Clottey.

There are also notable games like Oware, Dame and the others which traces back to their Ancestry background.

## Notable people

* Kofi Annan - Former Secretary-General of the United Nations
* Otumfo Osei Tutu King of Ashanti r.( 2001 still ruling)

## Related pages

* Ghana at the Olympics
* Ghana national football team
* List of rivers of Ghana

## Other websites

* Official Government Site
* Ghana in the news
* BBC's Profile on Ghana
* "Ghana". *The World Factbook* (2026 ed.). Central Intelligence Agency.
* GhanaWeb portal
* ProGhana, One Community, One Business Archived 2009-11-09 at the Wayback Machine