Rikunarita-ORG/Wikinium huggingface dataset:
# John Barrasso

| John Barrasso |
| --- |
|  |
|  |
| Senate Majority Whip |
| **Incumbent** |
| **Assumed office**  January 3, 2025 |
| Leader | John Thune |
| Preceded by | Dick Durbin |
| Ranking Member of the Senate Energy Committee |
| **In office** February 3, 2021 – January 3, 2025 |
| Preceded by | Joe Manchin |
| Succeeded by | Martin Heinrich |
| Chair of the Senate Republican Conference |
| **In office** January 3, 2019 – January 3, 2025 |
| Leader | Mitch McConnell |
| Vice Chair | Joni Ernst Shelley Moore Capito |
| Preceded by | John Thune |
| Succeeded by | Tom Cotton |
| Chair of the Senate Environment Committee |
| **In office** January 3, 2017 – February 3, 2021 |
| Preceded by | Jim Inhofe |
| Succeeded by | Tom Carper |
| Chair of the Senate Republican Policy Committee |
| **In office** January 26, 2012 – January 3, 2019 |
| Leader | Mitch McConnell |
| Preceded by | John Thune |
| Succeeded by | Roy Blunt |
| Chair of the Senate Indian Affairs Committee |
| **In office** January 3, 2015 – January 3, 2017 |
| Preceded by | Jon Tester |
| Succeeded by | John Hoeven |
| United States Senator from Wyoming |
| **Incumbent** |
| **Assumed office**  June 22, 2007Serving with Cynthia Lummis |
| Preceded by | Craig L. Thomas |
| Member of the Wyoming Senate from the 27th district |
| **In office** January 3, 2003 – June 22, 2007 |
| Preceded by | Bruce Hinchey |
| Succeeded by | Bill Landen |
|  |
| Personal details |
| Born | John Anthony Barrasso III  (1952-07-21) July 21, 1952 Reading, Pennsylvania, U.S. |
| Political party | Republican |
| Spouse(s) | Linda Nix (divorced)
Bobbi Brown
​ ​(m. 2008; died 2024)​ |
| Children | 3 |
| Education | Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute Georgetown University (BS, MD) |
| Signature |  |
| Website | Senate website |
|

Barrasso's voice

Barrasso's on the Bipartisan Safer Communities Act Recorded June 23, 2022
 |

**John Barrasso** (born July 21, 1952) is the senior United States Senator from Wyoming. He is a member of the U.S. Republican Party and has been in Senate since June 25, 2007. He was in the Wyoming Senate from 2003 to 2007.

## Education

Barrasso was born on July 21, 1952 in Reading, Pennsylvania. He graduated from the Georgetown University.

## Personal life

He was married to Linda Nix until they divorced. He was then married to Bobbi Brown from 2008 until her death in 2024. Barrasso has three children.

## Other websites

 Media related to John Barrasso at Wikimedia Commons

* John Barrasso, U.S. Senator for Wyoming, Home Page
# Bicameral

Countries with a bicameral legislature.  Countries with a unicameral legislature.  Countries with a unicameral legislature and an advisory body.  Countries with no legislature.
A **bicameral** system of government is one where there are two legislative or parliamentary chambers. The word comes from the Latin "bi" (meaning two) and "camera" (meaning chamber). In most cases they have different numbers of members. The smaller legislature is often called the "upper house" or "senate" and the larger is called the "lower house", and sometimes also called by another name such as "assembly" or "commons". For legislation to be passed, bicameral legislatures normally need a majority of members of both chambers to vote for the legislation.

Experts sometimes point out that often deadlocks occur in this kind of system. This can make it harder to pass laws. But others point out the checks and balances this system maintains. This prevents laws from being passed that favor a certain political faction, the government or group of people.

## Bicameral systems in the world

* In the United Kingdom, the two chambers are called the House of Commons and the House of Lords.
* The United States Congress is bicameral.
	+ All the states apart from Nebraska use the bicameral system. Nebraska is unicameral.
* Australia has a bicameral system with a House of Representatives and a Senate. All the Australian states are also bicameral, except Queensland which is unicameral.
* India has bicameral central and state parliaments.

## Related pages

* Unicameral
# Robert Caro

| Robert Caro |
| --- |
| Caro in April 2019 |
| Born | Robert Allan Caro  (1935-10-30) October 30, 1935 New York City, New York, U.S. |
| Education | * Princeton University A.B., 1957
* Rutgers University Graduate work in English, late 1950s
* Harvard University Nieman Fellow, 1965-1966
* Columbia University Carnegie Fellow in Journalism, 1967-1968
 |
| Occupation | Biographer |
| Notable work | *The Power Broker* *The Years of Lyndon Johnson* |
| Spouse |
Ina Sloshberg ​(m. 1957)​ |
| Children | 1 |
| **Writing career** |
| Genre | Non-fiction |
|  |
| Notes |
|  |

**Robert Allan Caro** (born October 30, 1935) is an American journalist and author. He is known for his biographies of United States political figures Robert Moses and Lyndon B. Johnson.

## Famous works

Caro wrote *The Power Broker* (1974), a biography of New York urban planner Robert Moses. Iy was chosen by the Modern Library as one of the hundred greatest nonfiction books of the twentieth century. He has since written four of a planned five volumes of *The Years of Lyndon Johnson* (1982, 1990, 2002, 2012), a biography of the former president.

## Awards

He has won two Pulitzer Prizes in Biography, two National Book Awards (including one for Lifetime Achievement), the Francis Parkman Prize, three National Book Critics Circle Awards, the H.L. Mencken Award, the Carr P. Collins Award from the Texas Institute of Letters, the D.B. Hardeman Prize, and a Gold Medal in Biography from the American Academy of Arts and Letters.

In 2010 President Barack Obama awarded Caro the National Humanities Medal.

## Legacy

Caro's reputation for extreme research and detailed biographies, he is sometimes called by reviewers of other writers who are called "Caro-esque" for their own extensive research.

## Other websites

* Official website
* Caro Appearances on C-SPAN
	+ "*Booknotes* interview with Caro on *Means of Ascent*, April 29, 1990". Archived from the original on 2012-01-21.
	+ *In Depth* interview with Caro, April 7, 2002
	+ C-SPAN *Q&A* interview with Caro about the writing of his fourth volume, January 4, 2009
	+ Part one of C-SPAN *Q&A* interview with Caro about the finished book, *The Passage of Power*, May 6, 2012
	+ Part two of C-SPAN *Q&A* interview with Caro about *The Passage of Power*, May 20, 2012
# Ashley Moody

| Ashley Moody |
| --- |
| Official portrait, 2025 |
|  |
| United States Senator from Florida |
| **Incumbent** |
| **Assumed office**  January 21, 2025Serving with Rick Scott |
| Appointed by | Ron DeSantis |
| Preceded by | Marco Rubio |
| 38th Attorney General of Florida |
| **In office** January 8, 2019 – January 21, 2025 |
| Governor | Ron DeSantis |
| Preceded by | Pam Bondi |
| Succeeded by | James Uthmeier |
| Judge of the Thirteenth Judicial Circuit Court of Florida |
| **In office** January 2, 2007 – April 28, 2017 |
| Preceded by | Susan Sexton |
| Succeeded by | Jennifer Gabbard |
|  |
| Personal details |
| Born | Ashley Brooke Moody  (1975-03-28) March 28, 1975 Plant City, Florida, U.S. |
| Political party | Republican (1998–present) |
| Other political affiliations | Democratic (before 1998) |
| Spouse(s) | Justin Duralia |
| Children | 2 |
| Father | James S. Moody Jr. |
| Education | University of Florida (BS, MS, JD) Stetson University (LLM) |
| Signature |  |
| Website | Senate website |

**Ashley Brooke Moody** (born March 28, 1975) is an American politician and attorney serving as the junior United States Senator from Florida since 2025. She was the 38th attorney general of Florida from 2019 to 2025. Moody also served as a judge with the Thirteenth Judicial Court of Florida from 2007 to 2017.

During her time as Florida attorney general, Moody has supported lawsuits against the Affordable Care Act, opposed voting rights for former felons, and was against the legalization of recreational marijuana. Moody joined in the *Texas v. Pennsylvania* lawsuit, which wanted to overturn the results of the election.

On January 16, 2025, Governor Ron DeSantis announced he would pick Moody to replace Marco Rubio in the U.S. Senate. She is Florida's second female senator, after Paula Hawkins. Moody was sworn in on January 21, 2025 by Vice President JD Vance.

## Other websites

* Biography, voting record, and interest group ratings at Vote Smart
* Appearances on C-SPAN
# Jacky Rosen

| Jacky Rosen |
| --- |
|  |
|  |
| United States Senator from Nevada |
| **Incumbent** |
| **Assumed office**  January 3, 2019Serving with Catherine Cortez Masto |
| Preceded by | Dean Heller |
| Member of the U.S. House of Representatives from Nevada's 3rd district |
| **In office** January 3, 2017 – January 3, 2019 |
| Preceded by | Joe Heck |
| Succeeded by | Susie Lee |
|  |
| Personal details |
| Born |  (1957-08-02) August 2, 1957 Chicago, Illinois, U.S. |
| Political party | Democratic |
| Spouse(s) | Larry Rosen |
| Children | 1 daughter |
| Education | University of Minnesota (BA) |
| Website | Senate website |

**Jacklyn Sheryl Rosen** (born August 2, 1957) is an American politician. She is a member of the Democratic Party. Rosen is the junior United States Senator from Nevada. Rosen was the U.S. Representative from Nevada's 3rd congressional district between 2017 and 2019. Rosen ran as the Democratic nominee for the U.S. Senate in the 2018 United States Senate election in Nevada, defeating Republican incumbent Dean Heller in the November 2018 general election.
# Georgia House of Representatives

The **Georgia House of Representatives** is the lower house of the Georgia General Assembly (the state legislature) of the U.S. state of Georgia. There are currently 180 elected members.

The Georgia House of Representatives was created in 1777 during the American Revolution.

## Current makeup

| Affiliation | Party (Shading indicates majority caucus) | Total |  |
| --- | --- | --- | --- |
|  |  |  |
| Republican | Democratic | Vacant |
| Beginning of 154th General Assembly | 118 | 62 | 180 | 0 |
| End of 154th General Assembly | 115 | 64 | 179 | 1 |
|  |
| Beginning of 155th General Assembly | 105 | 75 | 180 | 0 |
| Latest voting share | 58.3% | 41.7% |  |
# Indiana Senate

The **Indiana Senate** is the upper house of the Indiana General Assembly, the state legislature of the U.S. state of Indiana. The Senate is made up of 50 members. Senators serve four-year terms without term limits. The Indiana Senate was created in 1816 along with the Indiana House of Representatives in 1816, when Indiana became a state.
# Louisiana State Legislature

| Louisiana State Legislature Législature d'État de Louisiane |
| --- |
| 71st Louisiana Legislature |
|  |
| Type |
| Type | Bicameral  |
| Houses | Senate House of Representatives |
| Term limits | Senate 3 consecutive terms (12 years) House 3 consecutive terms (12 years) |
| Leadership |
| President of the Senate | Page Cortez, (R) since January 13, 2020  |
| Speaker of the House | Clay Schexnayder, (R) since January 13, 2020  |
| Structure |
| Seats | **144** voting members
* 39 senators
* 105 representatives
 |
|  |
| State Senate political groups | * Republican (27)
* Democratic (12)
 |
|  |
| House of Representatives political groups | * Republican (69)
* Democratic (34)
* Independent (2)
 |
| Length of term | Senate 4 years House 4 years |
| Salary | $16,800/year + expenses/per diem |
| Elections |
| State Senate last election | October 12 and November 16, 2019 |
| House of Representatives last election | October 12 and November 16, 2019 |
| State Senate next election | October 14 and November 18, 2023 |
| House of Representatives next election | October 14 and November 18, 2023 |
| Redistricting | Legislative control |
| Motto |
| *Union, justice, and confidence* |
| Meeting place |
|  |
| Louisiana State Capitol, Baton Rouge |
| Website |
|  |

The **Louisiana State Legislature** (French: *Législature d'État de Louisiane*) is the state legislature of the U.S. state of Louisiana. It is a bicameral body, made up by the lower house, the Louisiana House of Representatives with 105 representatives, and the upper house, the Louisiana State Senate with 39 senators.
# Michigan Senate

| Michigan State Senate |
| --- |
| Michigan Legislature |
|  |
| Type |
| Type | Upper house of the Michigan Legislature  |
| Term limits | 3 terms (12 years) |
| History |
| Founded | January 26, 1837 |
| Preceded by | Michigan Territorial Council |
| New session started | January 8, 2025 |
| Leadership |
| President | Garlin Gilchrist (D) since January 1, 2019  |
| President pro tempore | Jeremy Moss (D) since January 11, 2023  |
| Majority Leader | Winnie Brinks (D) since January 1, 2023  |
| Minority Leader | Aric Nesbitt (R) since January 11, 2023  |
| Structure |
| Seats | **38** voting members |
|  |
| Political groups | **Majority Democratic (19)

**Minority Republican (18)

**Vacant (1) Vacant (1)
 |
| Length of term | 4 years |
| Authority | Article IV, Michigan Constitution |
| Salary | $71,685 salary/year + $10,800 per diem/year |
| Elections |
| Last election | November 8, 2022 (38 seats) |
| Next election | November 3, 2026 (38 seats) |
| Redistricting | Michigan Independent Citizens Redistricting Commission |
| Motto |
| *In God We Trust* |
| Meeting place |
|  |
| State Senate Chamber Michigan State Capitol Lansing, Michigan |
| Website |
| senate.michigan.gov |

The **Michigan Senate** is the upper house of the Michigan Legislature.

The Michigan Senate is made of 38 members.
# Montana House of Representatives

| Montana House of Representatives |
| --- |
| Montana State Legislature |
|  |
| Type |
| Type | Lower house  |
| Term limits | 4 terms (8 years) |
| History |
| New session started | January 6, 2025 |
| Leadership |
| Speaker | Brandon Ler (R) since January 6, 2025  |
| Speaker pro tempore | Katie Zolnikov (R) since January 6, 2025  |
| Majority Leader | Steve Fitzpatrick (R) since January 6, 2025  |
| Minority Leader | Katie Sullivan (D) since January 6, 2025  |
| Structure |
| Seats | 100 |
|  |
| Political groups | **Majority Republican (58)

**Minority Democratic (42)
 |
| Length of term | 2 years |
| Authority | Article V, Montana Constitution |
| Salary | $128.88/day + *per diem* |
| Elections |
| Last election | November 5, 2024 (100 seats) |
| Next election | November 3, 2026 (100 seats) |
| Redistricting | Montana Districting and Apportionment Commission |
| Meeting place |
|  |
| House of Representatives Chamber Montana State Capitol Helena, Montana |
| Website |
| Montana House of Representatives |

The **Montana House of Representatives** is, with the Montana Senate, one of the two houses of the Montana Legislature. It is made up of 100 members. The House elects its leadership every two years.
# North Dakota Legislative Assembly

| North Dakota Legislative Assembly |
| --- |
|  |
| Type |
| Type | Bicameral  |
| Houses | Senate House of Representatives |
| Term limits | 2 terms in each house |
| Leadership |
| Senate President | Michelle Strinden (R) since December 15, 2024  |
| Senate President pro tempore | Donald Schaible (R) since January 3, 2023  |
| House Speaker | Dennis Johnson (R) since December 5, 2022  |
| Structure |
| Seats | 141 voting members
* 47 senators
* 94 representatives
 |
|  |
| Senate political groups | * Republican (43)
* Democratic-NPL (4)
 |
|  |
| House of Representatives political groups | * Republican (82)
* Democratic-NPL (12)
 |
| Elections |
| Senate last election | November 5, 2024 |
| House of Representatives last election | November 5, 2024 |
| Senate next election | November 3, 2026 |
| House of Representatives next election | November 3, 2026 |
| Meeting place |
|  |
| North Dakota State Capitol Bismarck |
| Website |
|  |

The **North Dakota Legislative Assembly** is the state legislature of the U.S. state of North Dakota. The Legislative Assembly is made up of two chambers, the lower North Dakota House of Representatives, with 94 representatives, and the upper North Dakota Senate, with 47 senators.

Members of both houses are limited to two four-year terms since January 2023.
# Tennessee General Assembly

| Tennessee General Assembly |
| --- |
|  |
| Type |
| Type | Bicameral  |
| Houses | Senate House of Representatives |
| Leadership |
| Speaker of the Senate | Randy McNally (R) since January 9, 2017  |
| Speaker of the House | Cameron Sexton (R) since August 23, 2019  |
| Structure |
| Seats | **132** voting members: 33 Senators 99 Representatives |
|  |
| Senate political groups |   Republican (27)
  Democratic (6) |
|  |
| House political groups |   Republican (75)
  Democratic (24) |
| Elections |
| Senate last election | November 6, 2018 |
| House last election | November 6, 2018 |
| Meeting place |
|  |
| Tennessee State Capitol, Nashville |
| Website |
| www.capitol.tn.gov |

The **Tennessee General Assembly** (TNGA) is the state legislature of the U.S. state of Tennessee. It is a part-time bicameral legislature made-up of a Senate and a House of Representatives. The Speaker of the Senate is also the Lieutenant Governor of Tennessee.

## Other websites

* Official website
# Wyoming Senate

| Wyoming State Senate |
| --- |
| 68th Wyoming State Legislature |
| Type |
| Type | Upper House  |
| Term limits | None |
| History |
| New session started | January 14, 2025 |
| Leadership |
| President | Bo Biteman (R) since January 14, 2025  |
| Vice President | Tim Salazar (R) since January 14, 2025  |
| Majority Leader | Tara Nethercott (R) since January 14, 2025  |
| Minority Leader | Mike Gierau (D) since January 14, 2025  |
| Structure |
| Seats | 31 |
|   Seat displayMap displayShow all |
| Political groups | **Majority Republican (29)

**Minority Democratic (2)
 |
| Length of term | 4 years |
| Authority | Article 3, Wyoming Constitution |
| Salary | $150/day + per diem |
| Elections |
| Last election | November 5, 2024 (15 seats) |
| Next election | November 3, 2026 (16 seats) |
| Redistricting | Legislative Control |
| Meeting place |
| State Senate Chamber Wyoming State Capitol Cheyenne, Wyoming |
| Website |
| Wyoming State Legislature |

The **Wyoming Senate** is the upper house of the Wyoming State Legislature. There are 31 Senators in the Senate, representing an equal number of constituencies across Wyoming. The Senate meets at the Wyoming State Capitol in Cheyenne.

Members of the Senate serve four-year terms without term limits.

## Other websites

* Wyoming Senate
* Project Vote Smart – State Senate of Wyoming
* The Wyoming Liberty Index
# Argentine Senate

| Honorable Senate of the Argentine Nation Honorable Senado de la Nación Argentina |
| --- |
| 2023–2025 period |
|  |
| Type |
| Type | Upper house of the National Congress of Argentina  |
| Term limits | None |
| Leadership |
| President of the Senate | Victoria Villarruel, LLA since 10 December 2023  |
| Provisional President | Bartolomé Abdala, LLA since 13 December 2023  |
| First Minority Leader | José Mayans, UP since 10 December 2019  |
| Second Minority Leader | Eduardo Vischi, UCR–JxC since 10 December 2023  |
| Structure |
| Seats | 72 (List) |
|  |
| Political groups | **Government (6) LLA (6)

**Allies (7) PRO (7)

**Independents (25) UCR (13)
* We Do Federal Coalition (3)
* Federal Innovation (3)
* For Santa Cruz (2)
* For Social Justice (1)
* Freedom, Work and Progress (1)
* Wake up Chubut (1)
* Neuquén Movement (1)

**Opposition (34) UP (34)
 |
| Length of term | 6 years |
| Elections |
| Voting system | Limited voting Party-list proportional representation |
| Last election | 22 October 2023 (24 seats) |
| Next election | 19 October 2025 |
| Meeting place |
|  |
| Chamber of Senators, Congress Palace, Buenos Aires, Argentina |
| Website |
| senado.gob.ar |

The **Argentine Senate** is the upper house of the Argentine National Congress. It has 72 senators. There are three for each province and three for Buenos Aires. There used to be 2 senators from each province. That was changed in 1994.

Senators are elected by direct election on a provincial basis. The party with the most votes is given two of the province's senate seats. The second-place party gets the third seat. Currently one-third of the members are elected every two years to a six-year term. In other words, one-third of the provinces hold senate elections every two years.

## Requirements

According to Section 55 of the Argentine Constitution, candidates for the Argentine Senate must

* be at least 30 years old
* have been a citizen of Argentina for six years
* be native to the province of his office, or have been a resident of that province for two years.

## Authorities

Current leadership positions include:

| Title | Officeholder | Caucus | Province |
| --- | --- | --- | --- |
| President of the Senate | Cristina Fernández de Kirchner | Frente de Todos | Buenos Aires |
| Provisional President | Claudia Ledesma Abdala | Frente de Todos | Santiago del Estero |
| Vice President | Carolina Losada | Juntos por el Cambio | Santa Fe |
| First Vice President | Maurice Closs | Frente de Todos | Misiones |
| Second Vice President | Guadalupe Tagliaferri | Juntos por el Cambio | Buenos Aires |
| Parliamentary Secretary | Marcelo Fuentes | —N/a |
| Administrative Secretary | María Luz Alonso |
| First Minority Leader | José Mayans | Frente de Todos | Formosa |
| Second Minority Leader | Alfredo Cornejo | Juntos por el Cambio | Mendoza |
# Federation Council (Russia)

| Federation Council Совет Федерации (*Sovet Federatsii*) or Federation Soviet |
| --- |
| Federal Assembly of Russia |
|  |
| Type |
| Type | Upper house  |
| History |
| Founded | 1993 |
| Preceded by | Soviet of Nationalities (1991) |
| Leadership |
| Chairwoman | Valentina Matviyenko since 21 September 2011  |
| First Deputy Chairman | Andrey Turchak since 23 September 2020  |
| Andrey Yatskin since 23 September 2020  |
| Structure |
| Seats | 170 |
|  |
| Political groups | Formed and structured on a non-partisan basis |
| Elections |
| Voting system | * Chosen by regional authorities (170 senators)
* Appointed by the President of Russia (max 30 senators)
* Former Presidents (ex officio)
 |
| Last election | 12 December 1993 |
| Next election | None |
| Meeting place |
|  |
| 26 Bol'shaya Dmitrovka, Moscow |
| Website |
| www.council.gov.ru |

Federation Council Building in 2017
The **Federation Council** (Russian: Сове́т Федера́ции; *Sovet Federatsii*, common abbreviation: Совфед (*Sovfed*) or Russian: Сенат, romanized: *Senat*, lit. 'Senate') is the upper house of the Federal Assembly of Russia (the parliament of the Russian Federation), according to the 1993 Constitution of the Russian Federation.
# Irish House of Lords

**Irish House of Lords** was the upper chamber of the Irish Parliament from its creation in the thirteenth century to its abolition in 1800–1801. It was made up of the barons and clergy of the island. After the reformation the clergy in the Lords came from the Church of Ireland.