Rikunarita-ORG/Wikinium huggingface dataset:
# Bowling

Bowling on a lawnTen-pin bowling
**Bowling** is a sport where people roll a heavy ball. It was invented centuries ago when grenades were heavy iron balls. Two main kinds of bowling arose. In one kind the bowler rolls a ball near a target and knocks away the ball of another bowler. This kind includes lawn bowling.

In the more common kind nowadays, the bowler rolls the ball down a wooden bowling lane trying to knock down bowling pins. This kind includes ten-pin bowling, which is so commonplace that it is often simply called "bowling". Some people bowl at smaller pins, called "duck pins" or "candle pins" with slightly different rules.

## Ten-pin

The usual kind of bowling ball has three holes, where the player puts two fingers and the thumb. The person on the lane swings the ball and lets it go to roll along the lane, attempting to knock down ten wooden pins. If the bowler does not do it right, the ball might not knock all the pins down or might roll into the gutter and hit none. Players take turns rolling their ball down the lane to see who gets the highest score.

Ten-pin bowling scores can be as low as 0 or as high as 300. Players get 10 chances to knock down all of the pins; each chance is called a frame. In each frame, players can try to knock down all of the pins up to two times. Players who do not knock down all of the pins after two tries get up to 9 points for the frame. One point is given for every pin knocked down, if any are knocked down at all. If players are able to knock down all of the pins on the first or second try, they are given 10 points for the frame plus bonus points. Frames in which a player knocks down all of the pins on the first try are scored as a strike. A strike is worth 10 points plus the number of pins knocked down by the player during their next two tries. If players do not score a strike but knock down all remaining on their second try, the frame is scored as a spare. A spare is worth 10 points plus the number of pins knocked down on the next try.

Players who score a strike or spare on their 10th frame are allowed to roll the ball up to two additional times to score their bonus points. This is the only frame where it is possible to get a strike **and** a spare. It is also possible to roll 3 strikes in this frame.
# Kōtō

Flag
Emblem
**Kōtō** (江東区, *Kōtō-ku*) is one of the 23 special wards of Tokyo, Japan. The population was 498,109 in 2015.

Where Koto ward is in Tokyo
On 15 March 1947, the ward of Kōtō was formed by combining the wards of Fukagawa and Jōtō.

## Other websites

* Official website (in Japanese)
# Oda Nobunaga

*In this Japanese name, the family name is* Oda*.*
Oda Nobunaga, drawn by a jesuit
**Oda Nobunaga** (織田 信長) (23 June 1534 – 21 June 1582) was a Japanese daimyo. Son of Oda Nobuhide. He was born in Owari Province, he succeeded to daimyo in 1551, he defeated his brother Oda Nobuyuki, Shiba Clan to stable his strength. In 1560, he defeated the strongest daimyo Imagawa Yoshimoto and became famous.

In 1567, he defeated Saitō Clan, changed the name Inabayama Castle to Gifu, later his army went to Kyoto and control the emperor and Ashikaga Shogunate.

But the Shogun Ashikaga Yoshiaki plot to make a campaign to against Oda, Nobunaga still defeated them among 10 years, ended the shogunate, and controlled 20 provinces in central Japan.

When he tried to conquer Japan, his officer Akechi Mitsuhide killed him at a temple named Honnō-ji. Toyotomi Hideyoshi was a follower of Nobunaga.
# Tottori (city)

Tottori Prefecture government building in the city of Tottori
Flag
Seal
**Tottori** (鳥取市, *Tottori-shi*) is the capital city of Tottori Prefecture on the island of Honshu.

It has been recognized as a special city since 2005.

## History

Tottori castle
Tottori Castle was established by Yamana Nobumichi in 1545. The castle town grew at the base of the mountain where the castle was built.

Tottori was incorporated as a city on October 1, 1889.

The city was damaged by a great earthquake in 1942 and by a great fire in 1952.

## Related pages

* Gainare Tottori

## Other websites

 Media related to Tottori, Tottori at Wikimedia Commons

* Tottori website (in English); (in Japanese)
*  Archived 2012-02-29 at the Wayback Machine; (in Japanese)
# Asian Para Games

| Asian Para Games |
| --- |
|  |
| Games |
| * 2010
* 2014
* 2018
* *2022*
 |
| Sports (details) |
| * Archery
* Athletics
* Badminton
* Boccia
* Bowling/Ten-pin Bowling
* Chess
* Cycling
* Football 5-a-side
* Football 7-a-side
* Goalball
* Judo
* Lawn Bowls
* Powerlifting
* Rowing
* Sailing
* Shooting
* Swimming
* Table tennis
* Sitting Volleyball
* Wheelchair Basketball
* Wheelchair Dance Sport
* Wheelchair Fencing
* Wheelchair Rugby
* Wheelchair Tennis
 |

The **Asian Para Games** is a multi-sport event regulated by the Asian Paralympic Committee that held every four years after every Asian Games for athletes with physical disabilities.

## List of Asian Para Games

| Edition | Year | Host City | Host Nation | Opened by | Start Date | End Date | Nations | Competitors | Sports | Events | Top Placed Team | Ref |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | 2010 | Guangzhou |  China | Vice Premier Li Keqiang | 12 December | 19 December | 41 | 2,405 | 19 | 341 |  China (CHN) |  |
| 2 | 2014 | Incheon |  South Korea | Prime Minister Chung Hong-won | 18 October | 24 October | 41 | 2,497 | 23 | 443 |  China (CHN) |  |
| 3 | 2018 | Jakarta |  Indonesia | President Joko Widodo | 6 October | 13 October | 43 | 2,757 | 18 | 506 |  China (CHN) |  |
| *4* | *2022* | Hangzhou |  China |  | 9 October | 15 October |  |  | 22 |  |  |  |
| *5* | *2026* | Nagoya |  Japan |  | *Future event* |  |

## Medal count

| Rank | Nation | Gold | Silver | Bronze | Total |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 |  China (CHN) | 531 | 301 | 195 | 1,027 |
| 2 |  South Korea (KOR) | 152 | 150 | 157 | 459 |
| 3 |  Japan (JPN) | 115 | 154 | 164 | 433 |
| 4 |  Iran (IRI) | 115 | 118 | 103 | 336 |
| 5 |  Thailand (THA) | 64 | 102 | 136 | 302 |
| 6 |  Uzbekistan (UZB) | 58 | 31 | 25 | 114 |
| 7 |  Indonesia (INA) | 47 | 63 | 74 | 184 |
| 8 |  Malaysia (MAS) | 41 | 57 | 71 | 169 |
| 9 |  Hong Kong (HKG) | 26 | 40 | 54 | 120 |
| 10 |  Vietnam (VIE) | 20 | 19 | 42 | 81 |
| Totals (10 entries) | 1,169 | 1,035 | 1,021 | 3,225 |

## Other websites

* Asian Paralympic Committee
# Sports for the disabled

**Sports for the disabled**, also called **parasports** are sports played by people with a disability, including physical and intellectual disabilities. Some are adapted from existing able-bodied sports. Some have been made for persons with a disability and do not have an able-bodied equivalent. There are four categories: physical, mental, permanent and temporary. In competitions disability sport classifications enable fair competition between people with different types of disabilities.

Much like with other sports, there are sports for everyday people, and sports for people who do this professionally.

These sports started in the nineteenth century. The "Cripples Olympiad" was held in the U.S.A. in 1911. The first deaf sport games - the 'Paris Silent Games' - was in 1924. This led to the modern Deaflympics. After the end of World War II there were many soldiers and civilians disabled. Sport was used as method of treatment and rehabilitation. Ludwig Guttmann, a leading German neurologist set up the first Stoke Mandeville Games on July 28th 1948, the same day as the Opening Ceremony of the 1948 Olympic Games in London. This was for wheelchair athletes. The first Paralympic Games were in Rome in 1960. Games people with intellectual disabilities started in the 1960s. The first Special Olympics were held in Chicago in 1968. In 1986, the International Sports Federation for Persons with Intellectual Disability (INAS-FID) was formed to support competition for athletes with intellectual disabilities. The International Paralympic Committee was set up in 1989 in Düsseldorf. At the London 2012 Paralympic Games there were 23 parasports.

## Disability sport classification

There are many different sorts of disabilities. The International Sports Organization for the Disabled (ISOD) was created in 1964. At first the classifications were medical, so people who had polio were put together. They were very different in how they were affected. Functional classification systems were developed, as they were better at putting people with similar abilities together. They have been used since the 1980s.

There are six big specific disability sport organizations governing classification:

* Cerebral Palsy-International Sport and Recreation Association for cerebral palsy and head injuries,
* International Stoke Mandeville Wheelchair Sports Federation for spinal cord injuries,
* International Sports Organization for the Disabled for orthopaedic conditions and amputees,
* International Sports Federation for Persons with Intellectual Disability for people with intellectual disabilities,
* International Blind Sports Federation for blind and vision impaired athletes.

As members of the International Paralympic Committee, they have to comply with classification code spelled out by the IPC on how to establish and maintain a classification system.

The International Sports Federations are in charge of classification for some disability types in athletics, alpine skiing, wheelchair rugby and lawn bowls.
# Rawalpindi

Location of Rawalpindi city.
Aerial view of Rawalpindi
**Rawalpindi**, known simply as **Pindi**, (Urdu: راولپنڈی; Pothwari: راولپنڈی, Rāwalpindī) is a city in the Pothohar Plateau near Pakistan's capital city of Islamabad, in the province of Punjab. It is home to the headquarters of the *Pakistan Army* and also served as the nation's capital while Islamabad was being constructed during the 1960s. The city is home to many industries and factories. Benazir Bhutto International Airport is actually in Rawalpindi, formerly known as the "Chaklala Airport", serving the city along with the capital. Rawalpindi is in the Punjab province, 275 km (171 miles) to the north-west of Lahore. It is the administrative seat of the Rawalpindi District. About 3,363,911 people lived in Rawalpindi in the year 1998. The official language is Urdu while the native local language is Pothwari.
# Oldenzaal

| Oldenzaal
Oldnzel |
| --- |
| Municipality, city |
|  |
| FlagCoat of arms |
| Location |
| Map |
| Coordinates: ﻿ / ﻿ |
| Country | Netherlands |
| Province | Overijssel |
| Region | Twente |
| Area |
|  • Total | 21.95 km2 (8.47 sq mi) |
|  • Land | 21.55 km2 (8.32 sq mi) |
|  • Water | 0.40 km2 (0.15 sq mi) |
| Elevation | 48 m (157 ft) |
| Population (2021) |
|  • Total | 31,701 |
|  • Density | 1,471/km2 (3,810/sq mi) |
| Website | www.oldenzaal.nl |

**Oldenzaal** is a municipality and city in the province of Overijssel, the Netherlands. About 32,000 people were living there in 2021. It lies in Twente region.

Oldenzaal got city rights in 1249.

## People

* Gert Timmerman (1935-2017), a singer and musician ("Gert and Hermien")

* Plaatsengids.nl Archived 2023-07-07 at the Wayback Machine
# Armenia at the Olympics

| Armenia at the Olympics |
| --- |
|  |
| IOC code | ARM |
| NOC | National Olympic Committee of Armenia |
| Website | www.armnoc.am (in Armenian) |
| Medals |
Gold
2
Silver
6
Bronze
6
Total
14
 |
| Summer appearances |
| * 1996
* 2000
* 2004
* 2008
* 2012
* 2016
* 2020
* 2024
 |
| Winter appearances |
| * 1994
* 1998
* 2002
* 2006
* 2010
* 2014
* 2018
* 2022
 |
| Other related appearances |
|  Russian Empire (1900–1912)  Soviet Union (1952–1988)  Unified Team (1992) |

**Armenia** first took part in the Olympic Games in 1994. They have taken part in all summer and winter Olympics since then.

Before Armenia became independent, they competed in the Olympics as a part of the Soviet Union team. After the Soviet Union collapsed, Armenia got their own team.

The Armenian athletes have won twelve medals altogether. They won these medals in wrestling, weightlifting and boxing.

## Medallists

| Medal | Name | Games | Sport |
| --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 Gold

 | Armen Nazarian | 1996 Atlanta | Wrestling |
| 2 Silver

 | Armen Mkertchian | 1996 Atlanta | Wrestling |
| 3 Bronze | Arsen Melikyan | 2000 Sydney | Weightlifting |
| 3 Bronze | Roman Amoyan | 2008 Beijing | Wrestling |
| 3 Bronze | Tigran G. Martirosyan | 2008 Beijing | Weightlifting |
| 3 Bronze | Gevorg Davtyan | 2008 Beijing | Weightlifting |
| 3 Bronze | Tigran V. Martirosyan | 2008 Beijing | Weightlifting |
| 3 Bronze | Yuri Patrikeyev | 2008 Beijing | Wrestling |
| 3 Bronze | Hrachik Javakhyan | 2008 Beijing | Boxing |
| 2 Silver

 | Arsen Julfalakyan | 2012 London | Wrestling |
| 3 Bronze | Hripsime Khurshudyan | 2012 London | Weightlifting |
| 3 Bronze | Artur Aleksanyan | 2012 London | Wrestling |

## Related pages

* List of IOC country codes

## Other websites

 Media related to Armenia at the Olympic Games at Wikimedia Commons

* "Olympic Medal Winners". International Olympic Committee. Retrieved 2007-12-19.
* "National Olympic Committee of Armenia". International Olympic Committee. Retrieved 2007-12-19.
* "Armenia Leads Beijing 2008 Olympic Medals Per Capita".
* Armenia profile at London2012.com Archived 2012-07-30 at the Wayback Machine
# Ak Koyunlu

Aq Qoyunlu empire 1467–1501
The **Aq Qoyunlu** or **Ak Koyunlu** (Persian: آق قویونلو) (Azerbaijani: *Ağqoyunlular*) were a tribal confederation of Oghuz Turkoman tribes. They ruled Eastern Anatolia, Azerbaijan, Iran, and parts of Iraq from 1378 to 1501. The Aq Qoyunlu first settled around Diyarbakir. They became strong in eastern Anatolia in the late 14th century. The Aq Qoyunlu fought against the Qara Qoyunlu, the Timurid Empire, and later the Ottoman Empire.

The Aq Qoyunlu dynasty was founded by Qara Yuluk Osman Beg. His descendant Uzun Hasan made the Aq Qoyunlu into a great power. In 1467, Uzun Hasan defeated the Qara Qoyunlu and took Tabriz, which became the capital. Uzun Hasan tried to make alliances with Venice and other European states against the Ottomans, but he was defeated by Mehmed II at the Battle of Otlukbeli in 1473.

After Uzun Hasan, his son Sultan Yaqub ruled from 1478 to 1490. He worked on land and tax reforms, but civil wars weakened the dynasty. The Aq Qoyunlu used Persian as the main court language, but they also spoke Turkic dialects that later became part of the Azerbaijani language. They supported poets and artists, and their manuscripts, such as copies of Nizami’s *Khamsa*, are important works of Persian culture.

The Aq Qoyunlu were connected to the Bayandor clan, which claimed descent from Oghuz Khan. They mixed nomadic Turkoman traditions with Persian government systems. This helped shape the Safavid dynasty that came after them. In 1501, Shah Isma'il I of the Safavids defeated the Aq Qoyunlu and took their lands. The Aq Qoyunlu are remembered as one of the strong Turkoman dynasties of the Middle East before the Safavids.

## Other websites

* Aq Qoyunlu history resources at Internet Archive
* Aq Qoyunlu references at Google Books
# Flag of Armenia

Armenia|  |
|  |
| Use | National flag |
| Proportion | 1:2 |
| Adopted | August 24, 1990 |
| Design | A horizontal tricolor of red, blue, and orange |
|  |

**The national flag of Armenia**, the Armenian Tricolor, has three horizontal bands of equal width, red on the top, blue in the middle, and orange on the bottom.

The first modern national flag of Armenia was created in 1885 by Ghevont Alishan. The Armenian Supreme Council adopted the current flag on August 24, 1990. On June 15, 2006, the Law on the National Flag of Armenia was passed by the Armenian Parliament.
# English Chess Federation

The **English Chess Federation** (ECF) is the governing chess organisation in England and is affiliated to FIDE. The ECF was formed in 2004, and took charge in 2005. It replaced the **British Chess Federation** (BCF), the governing body of chess in England from 1904 until 2005.

It was suggested that the BCF should change its name because only England came under its jurisdiction. It did not administer chess in the other countries of the UK. The BCF did have a British dimension, since it ran the British Chess Championship. This is one of two important tournaments held each year in Britain (the other is the annual international tournament at Hastings).

From the 1990s there was a campaign for the BCF to become a company limited by guarantee, to bid for more sponsorship money.

At the start of the 2005/6 season the English Chess Federation was created, inheriting the BCF's assets and personnel. The former BCF still exists for legacy purposes, but its website was inherited by the ECF. The Scottish and Welsh Federations hold their own championships every year as they did before. Therefore the change does not make much difference to most players.

The situation in Ireland is more complicated. The Irish Chess Union since 1912 was the governing body for both the Republic and Northern Ireland. In 2005 the Ulster Chess Union broke away from the Irish Chess Union. These two groups were part of the original British Chess Federation, but are not in any way connected to the new English Chess Federation. All groups except the Ulster Chess Union are members of the International Chess Federation FIDE, and the European Chess Union.
# British Darts Organisation

British Darts Organisation| Abbreviation | BDO |
| Formation | 7 January 1973 (1973-01-07) |
| Type | Professional darts organisation |
| Headquarters | Tonypandy, Wales, United Kingdom |
| Website | bdodarts.com |

The **British Darts Organisation** (**BDO**) was a group that organised darts tournaments for amateurs and professionals founded on 7 January 1973 by Olly Croft, and dissolved in 2020 under the stewardship of Des Jacklin. There were 66 member counties in Britain. The BDO was a founder member of the World Darts Federation. The BDO also staged a World Professional Darts Championship from 1978 to 2020.

* Official website
# Sport England

**Sport England** is the name for the **English Sports Council**. It is a non-departmental public body under the Department for Culture, Media and Sport. It works with national governing bodies of sport to grow the number of people in sports. Their goal is to keep these people in the sports. Sport England also helps more talented people do well by identifying them early, nurturing them, and helping them move up to the top level.

Sport England has two statutory, functions: (1) a lottery distributor for sport; and (2) it must be consulted on planning applications that affect playing fields. The funding it distributes comes from both H.M. Treasury and the National Lottery. Since 1994, it has invested over £2bn of lottery funds and £300 million from the Exchequer into sports in England.

## Other websites

* Official website
# Cricket Australia

**Cricket Australia** (**CA**), formerly known as the **Australian Cricket Board** (**ACB**), is the governing body for professional and amateur cricket in Australia. It was originally formed in 1905 as the "Australian Board of Control for International Cricket". It is incorporated as an Australian Public Company, limited by guarantee.

Cricket Australia operates all of the Australian national representative cricket sides, including the Australia national cricket team, the Australia national women's cricket team and youth sides as well. CA is also responsible for organising and hosting Test tours and one day internationals with other nations, and scheduling the home international fixtures.

## Other websites

* Cricket Australia official website
* Official CA Facebook page
* Cricket Feature – Daily TelegraphArchived 2009-03-08 at the Wayback Machine
# New Zealand Football

**New Zealand Football** (**NZF**) is the governing body of football in New Zealand. It is in charge of the men's and the women's national teams. The association was founded in 1891. It became a member of FIFA in 1948 and OFC in 1966.