Rikunarita-ORG/Wikinium huggingface dataset:
# The Washington Post

The Washington Post| *Democracy Dies in Darkness* |
|  |
| Type | Daily newspaper |
| Format | Broadsheet |
| Owner(s) | Nash Holdings |
| Founder(s) | Stilson Hutchins |
| Publisher | Frederick J. Ryan Jr. |
| Editor | Martin Baron |
| Managing editors | Emilio Garcia-Ruiz Cameron Barr Tracy Grant |
| Staff writers | Approx. 800 journalists |
| Founded | December 6, 1877 (1877-12-06) |
| Language | English |
| Headquarters | * 1301 K Street NW
* Washington, D.C. 20071
 |
| Country | United States |
| Circulation | 356,768 (Daily, 2015) 838,014 (Sunday, 2013) 1,000,000 (Digital, 2018) |
| ISSN | 0190-8286 |
| OCLC number | 2269358  |
| Website | washingtonpost.com |

The Washington Post is an American daily newspaper. It is Washington, D.C.'s largest newspaper. It is also its oldest and was founded in 1877. It focuses on national politics. D.C., Maryland, and Virginia editions are printed to be sold daily. Amazon's creator Jeff Bezos bought the newspaper company in 2013.
# Federal Election Commission

Federal Election Commission|  |
| Agency overview |
| Formed | October 15, 1974 (1974-10-15) |
| Jurisdiction | Federal government of the United States |
| Status | Independent regulatory agency |
| Headquarters | Washington, D.C., USA |
| Employees | 339 (2006) |
| Annual budget | $79,100,000 USD (FY 2017) |
| Agency executives | * Caroline C. Hunter, Chair
* Steven T. Walther, Vice Chairman
 |
| Key document | * Federal Election Campaign Act Amendments of 1974 (Pub.L. 93-443 88 Stat. 1263)
 |
| Website | www.fec.gov |

The **Federal Election Commission** (**FEC**) is an independent regulatory agency in the United States. Their purpose is to enforce campaign finance law in federal elections. It was created in 1974 through amendments to the Federal Election Campaign Act.
# United States District Court for the District of Columbia

The **United States District Court for the District of Columbia** (in case citations, **D.D.C.**) is a federal district court in the District of Columbia. It sometimes deals with federal issues that come from American Samoa. Appeals from the District are taken to the United States Court of Appeals for the District of Columbia Circuit.

As of November 5, 2021 the **United States Attorney for the District of Columbia** for the United States District Court for the District of Columbia is Matthew M. Graves.
# Tax deduction

A **tax deduction** is a way to reduce the amount of income that is subject to a tax. Tax deductions and tax credits both lower the amount of money a person has to pay in taxes. But they do it differently. A tax deduction is subtracted from the gross income of a taxpayer. For example, if a couple had an income of $60,000 for the year, and they had paid $10,000 in interest on their mortgage, their taxable income would be reduced to $50,000. The value of a tax deduction depends on a person's tax rate, which rises with income. A tax credit, by comparison, has the same value for all taxpayers. In the USA, there are hundreds of different tax deductions. Some are only available to taxpayers in certain income brackets. Some are available to businesses in particular industries.
# Tom Coburn

| Tom Coburn |
| --- |
|  |
|  |
| United States Senator from Oklahoma |
| **In office** January 3, 2005 – January 3, 2015 |
| Preceded by | Don Nickles |
| Succeeded by | James Lankford |
| Member of the U.S. House of Representatives from Oklahoma's 2nd district |
| **In office** January 4, 1995 – January 3, 2001 |
| Preceded by | Mike Synar |
| Succeeded by | Brad Carson |
|  |
| Personal details |
| Born | (1948-03-14)March 14, 1948 Casper, Wyoming, U.S. |
| Died | March 28, 2020(2020-03-28) (aged 72) Tulsa, Oklahoma, U.S. |
| Political party | Republican |
| Spouse(s) | Carolyn Coburn |
| Residence | Muskogee, Oklahoma |
| Alma mater | Oklahoma State University |
| Occupation | physician |

**Thomas Allen Coburn** (March 14, 1948 – March 28, 2020) was an American politician and medical doctor. A member of the Republican Party, he served as a U.S. Senator of Oklahoma from 2005 to 2015. He was nicknamed **Dr. No** because of he blocked many spending bills many times.

He announced in January 2014 that he would leave the senate at the end of the 113th United States Congress and submitted his resignation letter to Governor of Oklahoma Mary Fallin.

Coburn died on March 28, 2020 in Tulsa, Oklahoma from prostate cancer, aged 72.
# Fraternities and sororities

**Fraternities and sororities** are social groups for college students, though sometimes high schools have them too. They exist mostly in the United States and Europe. The words *frater* and *soror* are Latin for "brother" and "sister" and used to show closeness between members. They also denote whether the group is for men or women. Sororities are only for women. Fraternities are only for men. But there are some fraternities for women.

Fraternities and sororities often have groups at many different schools. Each fraternity or sorority is given two or three Greek letters to call themselves, for example, ΑΦ (Alpha Phi) or ΑΧΩ (Alpha Chi Omega). To tell the difference between groups at different schools, called chapters, each chapter is given another set of Greek letters. For example, a man in the Kappa Sigma fraternity who goes to the University of Louisiana at Lafayette is part of the fraternity's EX (Epsilon Chi) chapter. Chapters sometimes have houses on or near the campus of the college the members attend that members can live in.

Fraternities and sororities often participate in community service.

## Joining

University students line up to rush a sorority.
Fraternities and sororities are often exclusive, meaning people who want to join need to be invited to do so. This is done during a process called "rushing". During a rush, people who want to join a chapter will talk to current members. If the member think the person rushing is a good fit for the group, they will get an invitation, called a "bid", to join the chapter. If the person rushing accepts, they become a "pledge".

The pledging period is a time when the pledge is not yet a full member, and may leave or be refused membership at any time. Sometimes, members of the chapter will put the pledge through trials. Sometimes they are tests on the history of the fraternity they are trying to join, wearing a badge with the fraternity's letters on it at all times, or performing public service. Sometimes the trials are cruel, dangerous or humiliating. If the trials are cruel, it is called "hazing". Hazing is illegal in 44 states.

After the pledging period, the pledge becomes a full member of the chapter and fraternity or sorority.
# Country club

A **country club** is an exclusive privately owned club that includes recreational facilities. Country clubs typically centre around golf and the overwhelming majority of them have golf courses.
# Life insurance

**Life insurance** is money for your family to use to pay your bills and death expenses when you die. A person must be healthy to purchase a life insurance policy. The amount of life insurance needed depends on the person’s family’s needs when they die. Some things to consider when purchasing a life insurance policy are, marital status, the number of dependents, (wife, kids, etc.) family size, income, and wealth. Life insurance has different types of policies.

## Types of life insurance

* Term life insurance
* Whole life insurance
* Universal life insurance
* Indexed universal life insurance
* Variable life insurance
* Variable universal life insurance
* Final expense insurance
* Group life insurance
# Guild

Traditional wrought iron guild sign of a glazier — in Germany. These signs can be found in many old European towns where guild members marked their places of business. Today they are newly created or even restored, especially in old town areas
A **guild** is an association of craftspeople or merchants who control the practice of their craft in a town.

Many groups of people started as guilds, including scholars, and religious guilds. Many modern organisations, like universities, started as guilds. However, the basic idea of a guild was to control the training and practice of a trade or business. In Europe, guilds were given authority by the monarch. New young members had to serve as apprentices to a master for a certain length of time (such as seven years). At the end they became full members of the guild, and could set up on their own, and take apprentices of their own. That is the way the European world worked up to and including the first part of the 20th century.

There were guilds of weavers and dyers in the wool trade, of masons and architects in the building trade. There were guilds of painters, blacksmiths, bakers, butchers, and so on. The Corporation of the City of London includes the "livery companies". These companies were originally guilds. The senior members of the livery companies choose the Lord Mayor of London, the sheriffs and certain other officers.

Guilds were common in the cities of the Middle Ages. After that, around 1700 to 1800 their influence lessened somewhat. Jean-Jacques Rousseau and Adam Smith were much opposed to the idea of guilds. They believed that guilds hindered economic development and free trade.
# Morgue

The first morgue in New York City, opened in 1866 at Bellevue Hospital
A **morgue** is a place where dead human bodies are kept for a short time soon after the person died. Sometimes, the body is examined by autopsy. Most often, the body is delivered to a mortuary and buried in a grave or cremated. Morgues are found in hospitals, usually on the lowest floor or basement.
# Political action committee

In the United States, a **political action committee** (**PAC**) is a type of organization that gives money to campaigns from members and donates those funds to campaign for or against candidates, ballot initiatives, or legislation.
The legal term PAC has been created in pursuit of campaign finance reform in the United States.
# Homeowner association

A **homeowner association** (HOA) is an American real estate term. It is a corporation formed by a real estate developer to market, manage, and sell homes and lots in a residential place.

Later, after a neighborhood is settled, the term may describe a group of home owners which set rules for the neighborhood. The purpose of a home-owners association is to improve the neighborhood's image. The members of a home-owner's association hope that, by improving the image, the values of their homes will rise. If the rules are violated by home-owners, the home-owners association can force them to pay money. If they refuse, the home-owner's association can take away their houses.

The fastest growing form of housing in the United States today is *common-interest development* (CID), a category that includes various housing types. Since 1964, HOAs have become increasingly common in the United States. HOAs governed 24.8 million American homes and 62 million residents by 2010.
# Politico

Politico|  |
| Industry | News media |
| Founded | January 23, 2007 (2007-01-23) (as *The Politico*) |
| Headquarters | 1000 Wilson Boulevard, Arlington County, Virginia, U.S. |
| Key people | Robert L. Allbritton (executive chairman) Joyce Liu (CFO) Matthew Kaminski (editor-in-chief) Carrie Budoff Brown (editor) Patrick Steel (CEO) Bobby Moran (CRO) |
| Products | *Politico* (newspaper) *Politico Magazine* (bimonthly magazine) Politico.com (website) *Politico Europe* (newspaper) Politico.eu (website) |
| Owner | Capitol News Company |
| Number of employees | 500 (2017) |
| Website | politico.com |

Politico is a political journalism organization based in Arlington County, Virginia, that covers the issues, ideas and personalities behind politics and policy in the United States and in the global arena. It focuses on politicians, scandals, presidential candidates, elections, and foreign policies.

Politico was established in 2007.

## Other websites

* Official website
# Wikisource

Wikisource logo
**Wikisource** – *The Free Library* – is a project by Wikimedia. Its goal is to make a free wiki library of source texts. It has translations into many languages.

## History

It began on November 24, 2003. Its name was "Project Sourceberg" (a play on words for Project Gutenberg), and its URL was  On December 6, 2003, members wanted to change the name to "Wikisource", but the URL was not moved to  until July 23, 2004.

## Other websites

* The English Wikisource website
* Multilingual portal for Wikisource
# Profit

**Profit** is how much money somebody (normally a company) makes. This is found by subtracting how much money they have spent (*expenditure*) from how much money they have brought in (revenue).

## An example

If John spends $15 on some ice cream cones, and then sells them for $20, he has made a profit of $5. This is because he made $20 but when the $15 he used to buy the ice cream cones is subtracted, what is left is $5. In the end, he has $5 more than he had before he bought and sold the ice cream cones.
# Welfare

People waiting for relief checks during the Great Depression
**Welfare** is an idea from economics and Social Security. The idea is that everyone should have a minimal living standard. People who cannot reach this standard will be supported, usually by the state. Using welfare, everyone has their basic needs covered. This idea is different from the idea of charity.

Welfare can take different forms:

* Certain goods are subsidized by the state. In that way, in many countries the price of goods people need daily, such as bread or rice may be fixed by the state.
* A voucher is similar to a subsidy, except that it may only be used in a certain way. An example of this might be the cafeteria at the university; certain students get their meals cheaper, because they have a voucher. The cafeteria then exchanges the voucher, and will be paid the difference.
* It is also possible to pay money directly: people will then get a monthly amount of money. They can spend this money on anything, without restriction.
* Some countries need to have proof you applied for a job to receive welfare.

Welfare money is given by the government, charities, and other groups of people to help homeless, old, illness, poor, and disabled people (people who cannot help themselves), and also helps children (child support).

Welfare can also be called the well-being of someone or a group of people: their happiness, health, safety, and fortune.

In countries like Germany, Japan, United States, Sweden, and France, government welfare also is used to help the needy.

## Related pages

* Social worker
* Right to an adequate standard of living
* Economic, social and cultural rights
* Welfare economics
* Welfare state
# Fiscal year

The **fiscal year** is a year long time period used to figure out an organization's budget. It is not always the same as the calendar year. It is also a North American term for financial year.
# Non-governmental organization

A **non-governmental organization** (**NGO**) is a group of people acting together, but not connected with the government of any country. Usually non-governmental organizations are non-profit - that is, they are trying to do something other than make money for the people who run them. They include organizations such as Oxfam and World Vision.

Non-governmental organization is a term that has become widely accepted as referring to a legally constituted organization with no participation or representation of any government. In the cases in which NGOs are funded totally or partially by governments, the NGO maintains its non-governmental status and excludes government representatives from membership in the organization.

Government funding of NGOs is controversial, since, according David Rieff, writing in *The New Republic*, "the whole point of humanitarian intervention was precisely that NGOs and civil society had both a right and an obligation to respond with acts of aid and solidarity to people in need or being subjected to repression or want by the forces that controlled them, whatever the governments concerned might think about the matter."

Unlike the term intergovernmental organization, "non-governmental organization" is a term in general use but is not a legal definition. In many jurisdictions these types of organization are defined as "civil society organizations" or referred to by other names.

## Purpose Of NGOs

NGOs work for uplifting the poor and backward sections of the community. Moreover, the main function which is performed by NGOs is to bridge the gap of inequalities and unfair treatments.

## Related pages

* International organization
* Nonprofit organization
* Quango
# Volunteering

Volunteers helping the 1800 people affected by Hurricane Katrina (2005) in Houston, Texas
Ithaca influenza epidemic workers, July 1919. A large crowd of people who were working as volunteers during the influenza epidemic. The group includes, doctors, nurses, ladies and schoolchildren, pictured outside the Ithaca Women's Emergency Corps kitchen.
A **volunteer** is someone who helps a common cause and who does not expect to get paid for it. There are many cases, such as cleaning up after a disaster, where anyone can help. There are many cases, though, where the volunteers are trained specialists. Examples for these are the volunteer fire departments or a doctor or nurse working for organisations such as the Red Cross. Another example are the people guiding police dogs, which may be trained for emergency rescue.

## Related pages

* Charity (practice)
* Pro bono
# Corporate governance

**Corporate governance** describes how a corporation is directed. Corporate governance is related to but different from management. People responsible for corporate governance are known as board of directors.

Corporate governance also provides the structure through which the objectives of the company are set, and the means of attaining those objectives and monitoring performance are changed.
# Business

Retail business
A **business** is a place where people work together. In a business, people work to make and sell products or services. Other people buy the products and services. The business owner is the person who hires people for work. A business can earn a profit for the products and services it offers. The word *business* comes from the word *busy*, and means doing things. It works on regular basis.

Originally, individual trades people were qualified, and they hired assistants. The invention of the joint-stock company meant a new era in business. By this means, some people put up the money as capital, and others used it to run the business. There is a law which says this kind of company is a "legal entity": it has a legal life separate from its owners or shareholders. In this way, a company can outlive the people who started it. This idea was invented in medieval times, but really flowered in the 19th century. It has spread around the world since then.

Most businesses are created for commerce. There are big and small businesses. For example, one person can open a small barber-shop. A big business, like Microsoft, employs thousands of people all over the world.

Some businesses need fixed locations. Examples are an office, store, or farm. For some businesses the worker goes to different locations. Examples are carpenters or electricians. They usually bring everything they need for work in their truck.

*Business* can also mean the work or current state of a business. A business owner might say: "I am doing a lot of business" or "My business is good" or "Business is bad".

The term can also be used in a more general way. As a noun, it can be used, for example, to speak about a broad area of activity.