Rikunarita-ORG/Wikinium huggingface dataset:
# Malay language

| Malay |
| --- |
| *Melayu* ملايو |
| Native to |  Malaysia  Singapore  Brunei  Thailand  Indonesia |
| Ethnicity | Malay |
| Native speakers | 12 million (2007) |
| Language family | Austronesian
* Sundic
	+ Nusantara
		- Western Nusantara
			* Sumatranic
				+ Malayic
					- **Malay**
 |
| Early form | Old Malay
 |
| Standard forms | Standard Malay |
| Writing system | * Latin
* Arabic (Jawi)
* Thai (in Thailand)
* Pallava, Kawi, Rencong (in Indonesia)
 |
| Official status |
| Official language in |  Malaysia  Singapore  Brunei  ASEAN |
| Recognised minority language in |  Indonesia  Thailand |
| Regulated by | * Majlis Bahasa Brunei–Indonesia–Malaysia (Brunei–Indonesia–Malaysia Language Council – MABBIM) (a trilateral joint-venture)
* Dewan Bahasa dan Pustaka (Institute of Language and Literature)
* Balai Bahasa Provinsi Riau (Riau Province Linguistuc Center) and Kantor Bahasa Kepulauan Riau (Riau Islands Linguistic Center)
* Dewan Bahasa dan Pustaka (Institute of Language and Literature)
 |
| Language codes |
| ISO 639-2 | `ms` |
| ISO 639-3 | `zsm` – Standard Malay |
| Countries where Malay is official or recognized |
|

**Malay** is an Austronesian language predominantly spoken by Malay people in northeastern of Sumatra to the Riau Islands and its surroundings; which includes Singapore and Malay Peninsula, as well as the western and northernmost coast of Borneo (especially in Pontianak and Brunei).

## Writing system

Malay is normally written with the Latin alphabet called Rumi. But there is also a modified Arabic alphabet that is called Jawi. Rumi is official in Malaysia and Singapore, and the Indonesian language has a different official orthography that uses also the Latin script. Rumi and Jawi are both official languages in Brunei. Efforts are currently being undertaken to preserve Jawi script and to revive its use amongst Malays in Malaysia, and students taking the Malay language examination in Malaysia have the option of answering questions using Jawi script. But the Latin alphabet is still the most commonly used script in Malaysia, both for official and informal purposes.

Historically, Malay has been written in various types of script. Before the introduction of Arabic script in the Malay region, Malay was written using Pallava, Kawi and Rencong script and are still in use today by the Champa Malay in Vietnam and Cambodia.
# Seminary

The Pontifical Ethiopian College, in Vatican City
A **seminary**, **theological college** or **divinity school** is a university that specializes in theology or philosophy. Very often the students live at the seminary. Usually, priests have to study at a seminary at the start of their career.
# Gown

A gown
A **gown** is a type of clothing usually worn by women. There are different kinds of gowns. Some are worn on formal occasions such as marriages. Some are worn in hospitals. Some are worn to sleep in.

## Other websites

 Media related to Gowns at Wikimedia Commons
# Grêmio Esportivo Sãocarlense

Sãocarlense| Full name | Grêmio Esportivo Sãocarlense |
| Nickname(s) | *Wolf of the Central* |
| Founded | 1976 |
| Ground | Luís Augusto de Oliveira São Carlos, São Paulo State, Brazil |
| Capacity | 10,000 |
| Chairman | Sérgio Antônio Piovesan |
|  |
|

|  |  |  |
| --- | --- | --- |
|

**Home colours** |

**Away colours** |

**Third colours** |

 |
|  |

**G.E. Sãocarlense**  is a football club which plays in São Carlos, São Paulo, Brazil.
# Urbanization

Percentage of population which is urbanized, by country, in year 2015.
Percentage of World Population: Urban vs. Rural.
**Urbanization** (or **urbanization**) is a term from geography. The base of the word is the Latin *urbs*, which means city. The term urbanization refers to the process of a rural area turning into an urban area. This can happen in two different ways:

1. Through the growth of cities; called *physical urbanization*
2. Through the change of behavior of people living in rural areas; called *functional urbanization*

Physical urbanization has been observed for centuries. In developing countries this is the main form of urbanization. In developed countries, functional urbanization is the main form of urbanization. With functional urbanization, people living in the city center move to the countryside, next to the city; this is known as suburbanization.

## Environmental effects

Environmental scientists are studying the urban heat island. The urban heat island is made when industrial and urban areas are developed and heat becomes plentiful. Environmental impacts also include reducing soil moisture and more carbon dioxide emissions.

Stewart Brand's book *Whole Earth Discipline* argues that urbanization helps the environment overall. First, the birth rate of new urban dwellers falls and keeps falling. This can prevent overpopulation in the future. Secondly, it puts a stop to destructive subsistence farming methods, like slash and burn agriculture. Finally, it reduces land use by humans, leaving more for nature.

## Related pages

* Industrialisation
* Urban planning
# Watercolour

Jedburgh Abbey from the River, by Thomas Girtin 1798-99 (watercolor on paper).
**Watercolour** (UK), also called **watercolor** (US) or aquarelle (French), are paintings whose colours are water-based pigments.

Watercolours were first created in China, appearing shortly after paper was invented. Watercolours soon became popular in Japan as well. Pigment is mixed first with a binder which is most of the time, gum arabic, then add water and then using a brush add the pigment to material like paper. When the water dries, the pigment is stuck to the material from the binder.