Rikunarita-ORG/Wikinium huggingface dataset:
# Changchun

Images of Changchun
**Changchun** (simplified Chinese: 长春; traditional Chinese: 長春; pinyin: *Chángchūn*) is the capital and largest city of the Jilin province of China. The name of the city means "Eternal Spring". In the year 1800, the Jiaqing Emperor set up a trading post in a small village to trade furs and other goods. This village later became Changchun Ting.

In 1898, Changchun got its first train station, which was built by the Russian Empire.

After Japan invaded Manchuria in September 1931, the Japanese established the capital of the newly formed puppet state, Manchukuo, in Changchun. The Japanese renamed the city Shinkyō (kanji: 新京, meaning: New Capital), and it is here where the Japanese established the former Emperor Pu-yi as the Emperor of Manchukuo. During the Japanese occupation, the Japanese built much of the infrastructure that still stands today, including the Manchukuo Imperial Palace, the First Clinical Hospital of Jilin University, the Palace of Geology, and several others.

On August 20, 1945, the Soviet Union's Soviet Red Army entered the city, captured Emperor Pu-yi, and drove the Japanese out. They stayed there until the Kuomintang drove them out in 1946. The KMT held the city until 1948, when it got overwhelmed by the communist PLA in 1948. During the Siege of Changchun, up to 80% of civilians starved to death.

The Chinese took down few of the Japanese buildings because they were already so well-built that the Chinese thought it would be a waste to tear them down. Nonetheless, the tumblers that Starbucks sells in Changchun feature the Changchun Railway Station out of all the other monuments in the city, due to the fact that it itself is not a Japanese-made building.

Changchun is also the heart of China's car-making business.
# Tai'an

**Tai'an** (Chinese: 泰安; pinyin: *Tài'ān*) is a prefecture-level city in western Shandong Province, China. In 2020, 5,472,217 people lived there.

## Administration

Tai'an administers two districts, two county-level cities and two counties:

* Taishan District (泰山区)
* Daiyue District (岱岳区)
* Xintai City (新泰市)
* Feicheng City (肥城市)
* Ningyang County (宁阳县)
* Dongping County (东平县)
# Zhumadian

**Zhumadian** (驻马店) is a prefecture-level city in southern Henan in the People's Republic of China. It has also been spelled **Chumatien**. In 2010, 7,230,744 people lived there.

## Administrative divisions

Zhumadian administers 1 district and 9 counties.

* Yicheng District (驿城区)
* Runan County (汝南县)
* Pingyu County (平舆县)
* Xincai County (新蔡县)
* Shangcai County (上蔡县)
* Xiping County (西平县)
* Suiping County (遂平县)
* Queshan County (确山县)
* Zhengyang County (正阳县)
* Biyang County (泌阳县)
# Chu Ke-liang

Chu (the only man, left) in 2015
**Chu Ke-liang** (Chinese: 豬哥亮; pinyin: *Zhū Gēliàng*; Pe̍h-ōe-jī: *Ti Ko-liōng *or* Ti Ko-liāng*; 5 December 1946 – 15 May 2017) was a Taiwanese, comedian, actor, television show host and singer. He was known for his "over-the-top appearance" with unusual clothing and hair styles and his coarse humor. He was born in Zuoying, Kaohsiung, Taiwan. He was known for his roles in *The New Legend of Shaolin*, *David Loman*, and in *The Wonderful Wedding*.

Chu died in Taipei, Taiwan from liver failure caused by colorectal cancer on 15 May 2017 at the age of 70.

## Other websites

* Chu Ke-liang on IMDb
# Beijing Normal University

Beijing Normal University| 北京师范大学 |
| Motto | 学为人师，行为世范 |
| Motto in English | Learn to teach, behave to guide |
| Type | Public |
| Established | 1902 |
| President | Zhong Binglin (钟秉林) |
| Academic staff | over 1,680 |
| Students | Over 20,000 |
| Undergraduates | 8,600 |
| Postgraduates | 9,900 |
| Location | Beijing, People's Republic of China |
| Campus | Urban, 738,779 m² |
| Website | english.bnu.edu.cn |
|  |

**Beijing Normal University** is a public university in Beijing, China It is one of the most highly ranked universities in China, and focuses on teaching humanities and sciences. It was first opened in 1902, which makes it one of the oldest universities in China. Its nickname is **Beishida.**

Originally, it was called a "normal school" because it was only a school for teachers, and all teacher schools were named the same way. It was attached to the Imperial University of Peking. Later, it became a university on its own, teaching subjects other than education, but kept its name the same.

## Rankings

* QS World University Ranking: 292nd, 7th in China
* Academic Ranking of World Universities: 201-300th, 7th-12th in China
* Humanities and Social Sciences overall ranking in China: 3rd

## Nobel laureates

* Liu Xiaobo (Peace)
* Mo Yan (Literature)

## Other websites

* University website (in English)
# Jilin University

Jilin University| 吉林大学 |
| Motto | 求实创新 励志图强 |
| Motto in English | Realistic and innovative |
| Type | Public |
| Established | 1946 |
| President | Zhan Tao (展涛) |
| Undergraduates | 40,373 |
| Postgraduates | 19,679 |
| Location | Changchun, Jilin,  People's Republic of China |
| Campus | 1,633 acres/6.61 km2 |
| Nickname | 吉大 |
| Website | en.jlu.edu.cn (English) |
|  |

**Jilin University** (simplified Chinese: 吉林大学; traditional Chinese: 吉林大學; pinyin: *Jílín Dàxué*; often abbreviated JLU or 吉大) is a national university. China's Ministry of Education controls the university directly.

## Other websites

* Jilin University Archived 2004-01-12 at the Wayback Machine (English)
* Jilin University Official Application Online Site Archived 2010-12-03 at the Wayback Machine
# Legend

*Legends* (derived from Latin *legenda*) are stories in oral tradition passed on by word of mouth.

The word is also used for famous or historically significant people, places, events, etc. We sometimes say of someone who is extremely famous that they are a "legend" or "of legendary fame".

Examples of legends are Ali Baba, the Fountain of Youth, Nano Begal, Paul Bunyan, Bogeyman, Kraken, Sirens, Atlantis, the Loch Ness Monster, Bigfoot, and Yeti. Some legends are stories about real people; others are not. Odysseus and Robin Hood for example may have been real but most the stories about them are definitely fiction.

For some places, legends are the earliest history. For example, the origin of ancient Rome is known only from legends, as are the earliest dynasties in the history of China.
# Vietnamese people

The **Vietnamese** are a group of people with their own culture living in Southeast Asia. Most Vietnamese live in the country of Vietnam, although there are many Vietnamese people living in other places. Many Vietnamese people speak Vietnamese.

## History

The Vietnamese people could be a mixture of different groups from different parts of Asia.

According to legend, the Vietnamese people are the children of a dragon and a fairy.

Many Vietnamese girls and women were trafficked into China in the 19th century. Chinese pirates in the Tonking Gulf region took Vietnamese women as wives. In the Gulf of Tonkin Vietnamese pirates were defeated in 1409 and 1373 by the Ming Chinese navy and the Ming navy frightened Vietnam from invading Champa in 1403 and defeated Vietnam in 1407 in the Red river delta. Chinese pirate and bandits operated in the highlands of Tonkin in French Indochina.

## Religion

Most Vietnamese practice a mixture of Buddhism, Confucianism, Taoism, and animism.

A minority of Vietnamese are Catholic Christians.

## Vietnamese people outside of Vietnam

There are millions of Vietnamese people living outside of Vietnam. The United States has the number population of Vietnamese outside of Vietnam. Many Vietnamese people left the country after the Vietnam War. They did not want to live in a Communist country.
# De facto

De facto is a phrase from the Latin language that means "in fact" or "in practice". It is often used in contrast to *de jure* (which means "by law") when talking about law, governance, or technique. When talking about law, "*de jure*" is used to describe what the law says, and "*de facto*" is used to describe what actually happens.

*De facto* is sometimes also used when there is no appropriate law or standard, but a common practice, that may not necessarily be widely accepted, exists. For example, the *de jure* name of Bill Clinton is William Jefferson Clinton. This is his name according to official records. His *de facto* name is Bill Clinton because this is what he is usually called.
# Ladakhi

| Ladakhi |
| --- |
| ལ་དྭགས་སྐད། |
| Native to | India, China, Pakistan |
| Region | Ladakh, Tibet, Baltistan |
| Ethnicity | Ladakhis |
| Native speakers | 27,000 (2011) |
| Language family | Sino-Tibetan
* (Tibeto-Burman)
	+ Tibeto-Kanauri
		- Bodish
			* Tibetic
				+ Ladakhi–Balti
					- **Ladakhi**
 |
| Writing system | Tibetan script |
| Language codes |
| ISO 639-3 | Either: `lbj` – Ladakhi `zau` – Zangskari |
| ELP | Ladakhi |

**Ladakhi** (ལ་དྭགས་སྐད་) is a language spoken by the Ladakhi people in India, Pakistan, and China. Ladakhi is closely related to Balti, a language spoken in the neighboring region of Baltistan in Pakistan. The two major dialects of Ladakhi are Zangskari and Changthang. The Ladakhi language is also locally known as *Bhoti* or *Bhotia* and has been known by that by the Indian government. Ladakhi contains many loanwords from Kashmiri and Hindi. Ladakhi is spoken by 15,000 people in India, 12,000 in China and about 900 in Pakistan.
# Nuosu language

| Nuosu |
| --- |
| Northern Yi, Liangshan Yi, Sichuan Yi |
| ꆈꌠꉙ **Nuosuhxop** |
|  |
| Native to | China |
| Region | Southern Sichuan, northern Yunnan |
| Ethnicity | Yi |
| Native speakers | (2 million cited 2000 census) |
| Language family | Sino-Tibetan
* Tibeto-Burman
	+ Lolo–Burmese
		- Loloish
			* Nisoish
				+ Nisoid
					- **Nuosu**
 |
| Standard forms | * Liangshan (Cool Mountain) dialect
 |
| Writing system | Yi syllabary, formerly Yi logograms |
| Official status |
| Recognised minority language in |  China (Yunnan province) |
| Language codes |
| ISO 639-1 | `ii` Sichuan Yi, Nuosu |
| ISO 639-2 | `iii` Sichuan Yi, Nuosu |
| ISO 639-3 | `iii` Nuosu, Sichuan Yi |
| *Glottolog* | `sich1238`  Sichuan Yi |
|  |
|

**Nuosu** or **Nosu** (ꆈꌠꉙ or  written in traditional script, transcribed as *Nuo su hxop*), also known as **Northern Yi**, **Liangshan Yi**, and **Sichuan Yi**, is the prestige language of the Yi people; it has been chosen by the Chinese government as the standard Yi language and as such is the only one taught in schools. It is spoken by two million people and is increasing (as of PRC census); 60% were monolingual (1994 estimate).
# Hmong language

**Hmong** or **Mong** is the name for a number of languages spoken in parts of mainland China, Vietnam, Thailand, Laos and Myanmar. The ethnic group is called the Hmong people. There are about 3.7 million speakers. Most of the speakers of different Hmong languages can understand each other. Over half of all speakers live in China. There are about 280,000 Hmong speakers in the United States
# Chitrali language

| Chitrali |
| --- |
| چترالی زبان‎ |
|  |
| Native to | Pakistan |
| Region | Chitral District |
| Ethnicity | Chitralis |
| Native speakers | 580,000 (2004) |
| Language family | Indo-European
* Indo-Iranian
	+ Indo-Aryan
		- Dardic
			* **Chitrali**
 |
| Writing system | Nastaliq alphabet |
| Language codes |
| ISO 639-3 | – |
| ELP | Khowar |

**Chitrali language** (Urdu:چترالی زبان) is a Dardic language. It is spoken by 332,200 people. These people live in the Chitral District, Khyber Pakhtunkhwa, Pakistan.

## Loanwords

Chitrali language has many loanwords are present from various languages include Arabic, Persian, and Urdu. It also has words from Sanskrit and Ancient Greek.

## Alphabet

The Chitrali alphabet is based on the Arabic alphabet.

| Letter | Name of letter | Transcription | IPA |
| --- | --- | --- | --- |
| ا‎ | *alif* | ā/aa, a, i, u | /ɑː/, /ə/, /ɪ/, /ʊ/ |
| ب‎ | *be* | b | /b/ |
| پ‎ | *pe* | p | /p/ |
| ت‎ | *te* | t | /t̪/ |
| ٹ‎ | *ṭe* | ṭ | /ʈ/ |
| ث‎ | *se* | (s) | /s/ |
| ج‎ | *jīm* | j | /d͡ʒ/ |
| چ‎ | *če* | č | /t͡ʃ/ |
| ح‎ | *baṛī he* | (h) | /h/ |
| خ‎ | xe | x | /x/ |
|  |  |  |  |
|  |  |  |  |
|  |  |  |  |
|  |  |  |  |
| د‎ | *dāl* | d | /d̪/ |
| ڈ‎ | *ḍāl* | ḍ | /ɖ/ |
| ذ‎ | *zāl* | (z) | /z/ |
| ر‎ | *re* | r | /r/ |
| ڑ‎ | *ṛe* | ṛ | /r~ɫ/ |
| ز‎ | *ze* | z | /z/ |
| ژ‎ | *že* | ž/zh | /ʒ/ |
|  |  |  |  |
| س‎ | *sīn* | s | /s/ |
| ش‎ | *šīn* | š/sh | /ʃ/ |
|  |  |  |  |
| ص‎ | *su'ād* | (s) | /s/ |
| ض‎ | *zu'ād* | (z) | /z/ |
| ط‎ | *to'e* | (t) | /t/ |
| ظ‎ | *zo'e* | (z) | /z/ |
| ع‎ | *‘ain* | ', a, i, u | /ʔ/, /ə/, /ɪ/, /ʊ/ |
| غ‎ | *ǧain* | ǧ/gh | /ɣ/ |
| ف‎ | *fe* | f | /f/ |
| ق‎ | *qāf* | q | /q/ |
| ک‎ | *kāf* | k | /k/ |
| گ‎ | *gāf* | g | /ɡ/ |
| ل‎ | *lām* | l | /l/ |
| ڵ‎ | *łām* | ł | /lʲ/ |
| م‎ | *mīm* | m | /m/ |
| ن‎ | *nūn* | n | /n/ |
| ں‎ | *nūn ǧunnā* | \_̃ | /◌̃/ |
| و‎ | *wā'o* | w, o, au, or ū | /ʋ/, /oː/, /ɔ/ or /uː/ |
| ہ‎ | *čoṭī he* | h | /h/ |
| ھ‎ | *do čašmī he* | \_h | /ʰ/ |
| ء‎ | *hamza* | ' | /ʔ/ |
| ى‎ | *choti ye* | y, ī | /j/ or /iː/ |
| ے‎ | *barī ye* | ai or e | /ɛː/, or /eː/ |

## Related pages

* Shina language
* Brokpa tribe

## More reading

* Elena Bashir, (2001) *Spatial Representation in Khowar*. Proceedings of the 36th Annual Meeting of the Chicago Linguistic Society. Chicago: Chicago Linguistic Society.
* Kendall D. Decker, (1992) *Languages of Chitral* ISBN 969-8023-15-1
* Erik L’Homme, (1999) *Parlons Khowar*. Langue et culture de l’ancien royaume de Chitral au Pakistan. Paris: L’Harmattan
* Georg Morgenstierne, (1936) *Iranian Elements in Khowar*. Bulletin of the School of Oriental and African Studies, Vol. VIII, London.
* Badshah munir Bukhari (2001) *Khowar language*. University publisher.Pakistan
* Georg Morgenstierne, (1947) *Some Features of Khowar Morphology*. Norsk Tidsskrift for Sprogvidenskap, Vol. XIV, Oslo.
* Georg Morgenstierne, (1957) *Sanskritic Words in Khowar.* Felicitation Volume Presented to S.K. Belvalkar. Benares. 84-98 [Reprinted in Morgenstierne (1973): Irano-Dardica, 267-72]
* Mohammad Ismail Sloan (1981) *Khowar-English Dictionary*. Peshawar. ISBN 0-923891-15-3.
# INSEAD

**INSEAD** (*Institut européen d'administration des affaires*) is an European higher studies establishment. The school is in 3 places, in Fontainebleau, France, in Abu Dhabi and in Singapore.

INSEAD is specialist in the fields of economics, social sciences and management.

* INSEAD website
# Financial market

A **financial market** is a market in which people trade different assets at low trade costs. Some of these include stocks and bonds, natural materials and rare metals, which are known sometimes as commodities.

The word "market" is sometimes used for what is more like *exchanges* (trading) of stuff, and groups that help the trade in financial commodities, for example a stock trading or commodity trade. This can be a real on land location (such as the New York Stock Exchange (NYSE), London Stock Exchange (LSE)) or an online electric system such as NASDAQ.
# Massachusetts Institute of Technology

Massachusetts Institute of Technology at night.
The **Massachusetts Institute of Technology** (**MIT**) is a private university in Cambridge, Massachusetts. MIT has five schools and one college, and it has 32 academic departments, and gives much importance to scientific and technological research. MIT students, graduates, and faculty members are famous for being given many awards, including 76 Nobel Prizes. In 2013 QS ranked MIT as the best university in the world. It started in 1861. It is one of the most selective universities. It accepted 8.9% of people who applied for class of 2016. Nine months' tuition and fees for 2012–2013 is $42,050. MIT gives financial aid so that anyone who is good enough can pay. In 2011-2012 64% of undergraduates had some kind of financial aid. The student:faculty ratio is 8:1. 45% of undergraduates are women. The most popular major is engineering.

## Other websites

* MIT, official web site
* MyMIT, admissions web site
* MIT Alumni Association

### Publications

* MIT OpenCourseWare, Free online publication of nearly all MIT course materials
* The Tech Archived 2008-09-13 at the Wayback Machine, student newspaper, the world's first newspaper on the web
* Tech Talk, MIT's official newspaper
* Technology Review, alumni magazine
* MIT Press, university press & publisher

### Maps

* MIT Maps Archived 2006-12-05 at the Wayback Machine
* Early Maps of both the Boston and Cambridge Campuses Archived 2010-05-06 at the Wayback Machine maintained by MIT's Institute Archives & Special Collections
# Yanshan University

**Yanshan University** is a university in Qinhuangdao, Hebei, China.

## Other websites

* Yan Shan University Archived 2012-01-04 at the Wayback Machine official website
# Queensland University of Technology

The **Queensland University of Technology** (also known as **QUT**) is a university in Brisbane, Queensland, Australia. It has three main campuses. They are at Gardens Point and Kelvin Grove (in Brisbane City), and at Caboolture to the north. QUT began in 1989. It is now the second-largest university in Queensland. The university has a good reputation. It is ranked by some people as one of the best universities in Queensland.

Many famous people graduated from the university, including singer Darren Hayes, past Treasurer of Australia Wayne Swan, and creationist Ken Ham. It competes with the University of Queensland and Griffith University as the main university of Queensland.
# Yundi Li

Yundi Li in 2005
**Yundi Li** (Chinese: 李云迪; pinyin: Lǐ Yúndí), born October 7, 1982 in Chongqing, Sichuan, China, is a Chinese pianist who is very famous for being the youngest pianist to win the International Frédéric Chopin Piano Competition, in 2000, at 18 years old. He now lives in Hong Kong.

## Early life

Li's parents both worked at the Sichuan Chongqing Steel and Iron Company. When he was three years old, his parents bought him an accordion. He studied the instrument with Tan Jianmin, a music professor in China, and mastered it when he was four. Only one year later, he won the top prize at the Chongqing Children's Accordion Competition. At seven years old Li began to learn the piano. He continued to study with Dan Zhaoyi for another nine years. In 1994, he learned at the Shenzhen Arts School at Shenzhen, China, and later learned at the Hochschule für Musik, Theater und Medien Hannover in Hanover, Germany.

## Prizes

Li won the Children's Piano Competition in Beijing in 1994. In 1995, he was awarded first place at the Stravinsky International Youth Competition. In 1998, he won the Missouri Southern International Piano Competition's junior division, and got Third Prize at the International Franz Liszt Piano Competition of Utrecht the next year. He also won the China International Piano Competition. He also got first place at the Gina Bachauer Young Artists International Piano Competition. Li participated in the 14th International Frédéric Chopin Piano Competition in Warsaw and won the first prize and the "polonaise award".

## Recordings

**Chopin Complete Nocturnes

**Chopin Recital Piano Sonata in B minor No. 3 op. 58
* Andante spianato et Grande Polonaise brillante op. 22
* Études op. 10 Nos. 2 + 5 op. 25 No. 11 »Winter Wind«
* Nocturnes op. 9 Nos. 1 + 2 op. 15 No. 2
* Impromptu op. 66

**Franz Liszt Piano Sonata in B minor
* La Campanella
* Widmung after Schumann: Liebeslied
* Liebestraum No. 3
* Tarantella from Venezia e Napoli
* Rigoletto-Paraphrase

Awards: Echo Award 2003

**Chopin: Scherzo & Impromptus 4 Scherzi:
* No. 1 op. 20 · No. 2 op. 31
* No. 3 op. 39 · No. 4 op. 54
* 3 Impromptus
* No. 1 op. 29 · No. 2 op. 36
* No. 3 op. 51

**Vienna Recital Liszt: Rhapsodie espagnole
* Mozart: Piano Sonata KV 330
* D. Scarlatti: Sonatas K. 380 + K. 13
* Schumann: Carnaval op. 9

**Chopin & Liszt Piano Concerto No.1 Liszt: Concerto for piano no.1 in E-Flat,S.124
* Chopin: Concerto for piano no.1 in E-minor,op.11

**Prokofiev/Ravel: Piano Concertos Prokofiev: Piano Concerto No. 2 in G minor
* Ravel: Piano Concerto in G major

**Yundi – The Young Romantic Frédéric Chopin: Scherzo in B minor, op.20 Scherzo in B flat minor, op.31 Scherzo in C sharp minor, op.39 Scherzo in E major, op.54; Franz Liszt: Grandes Études de Paganini: La Campanella
* Bonus: Yundi Li plays at La Roque d’Anthéron
# Zhao Liying

| Zhao Liying |
| --- |
| 赵丽颖 |
| Zhao at the 37th Tokyo International Film Festival in 2024 |
| Born |  (1987-10-16) October 16, 1987 Langfang, Hebei, China |
| Other names | Zanilia Zhao |
| Alma mater | Langfang School of Electronic Information Engineering |
| Occupation | Actress |
| Years active | 2006–present |
| Agent | Hesong Media |
| Spouse |
Feng Shaofeng
​ ​(m. 2018; div. 2021)​ |
| Children | 1 |
|  |
| **Lua error in Module:Infobox\_multi-lingual\_name at line 132: attempt to call field '\_transl' (a nil value).** |
|  |

**Zhao Liying** (Chinese: 赵丽颖, born October 16, 1987), also known as **Zanilia Zhao**, is a Chinese actress. She is known for her roles in *Legend of Lu Zhen* (2013), *Boss & Me* (2014), *The Journey of Flower* (2015), *The Mystic Nine* (2016), *Noble Aspirations* (2016), *Princess Agents* (2017), *The Story of Minglan* (2018), *Legend of Fei* (2020), and *The Legend of Shen Li* (2024). She was also in the movies *Duckweed* (2017), *The Monkey King 3* (2018), and *Article 20* (2024).

Zhao was born on October 16, 1987, in Langfang, Hebei.

## Other websites

* Zanilia Zhao on Chinese Movies
* Zanilia Zhao on Internet Movie Database