# Kyrgyzstan

| Kyrgyz Republic* Кыргыз Республикасы (Kyrgyz) *Kyrgyz Respublikasy*
* Кыргызская Республика (Russian) *Kyrgyzskaya Respublika*
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| --- |
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Flag

Emblem

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| **Anthem:** Кыргыз Республикасынын Мамлекеттик Гимни
 "National Anthem of the Kyrgyz Republic"  |
| Location of  Kyrgyzstan  (green) |
| Capitaland largest city | Bishkek ﻿ / ﻿ |
| Major languages | Kyrgyz & Russian |
| Minority languages | * Tajik
* Uzbek
* Dungan
* Uyghur
* Turkish
* Tatar
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| Ethnic groups (2019) | * 73.3% Kyrgyz
* 14.7% Uzbek
* 5.6% Russian
* 1.1% Dungan
* 0.9% Uyghur
* 0.9% Tajik
* 0.7% Turkish
* 2.7% Other
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| Religion  | * 90% Islam
* 8% Christianity
* 3% Other (includes Jewish, Buddhist, Baháʼí)
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| Demonym(s) | Kyrgyz |
| Government | Unitary presidential constitutional republic |
|  |
| • President  | Sadyr Japarov |
| • Chairman of the Cabinet of Ministers  | Akylbek Japarov |
| • Chairman of the Supreme Council  | Talant Mamytov |
|  |
| Legislature | Supreme Council |
| Independence |
|  |
| • Kyrgyz Khaganate  | 840 |
| • From Russia  | 27 November 1917 |
| • Kirghiz SSR  | 5 December 1936 |
| • From the USSR  | 31 August 1991 |
| • CIS Accession  | 21 December 1991 |
| • Recognized  | 26 December 1991 |
| • Admitted to the United Nations  | 2 March 1992 |
|  |
| Area |
| • Total | 199,951 km2 (77,202 sq mi) (85th) |
| • Water (%) | 3.6 |
| Population |
| • 2023 estimate |  7,037,590 (96th) |
| • 2009 census | 5,362,800 |
| • Density | 27.4/km2 (71.0/sq mi) (176th) |
| GDP (PPP) | 2019 estimate |
| • Total |  $35.324 billion (127th) |
| • Per capita |  $5,470 (134th) |
| GDP (nominal) | 2019 estimate |
| • Total |  $8.455 billion (141st) |
| • Per capita |  $1,309 (158th) |
| Gini (2018) |  27.7 low |
| HDI (2019) |  0.697 medium · 120th |
| Currency | Kyrgyzstani som (c) (KGS) |
| Time zone | UTC+6 (KGT) |
| Driving side | right |
| Calling code | +996 |
| ISO 3166 code | KG |
| Internet TLD | .kg |

**Kyrgyzstan**, officially the **Kyrgyz Republic**, is a country in Central Asia. The country is landlocked (has no coast) and mountainous. It has borders with China, Kazakhstan, Tajikistan, and Uzbekistan. Its capital is Bishkek. It was a socialist republic of the Soviet Union, but became independent in 1991. The country was peaceful in the 1990s. Its president, Askar Akayev showed an autocratic and authoritarian character.

Russian is spoken as an official language at state level.

In 2005, there was an unexpected revolution after the elections of parliament (the legislature) in March. President Akayev resigned on April 4 of that year. Opposition leaders formed a coalition (a group from more than one party), and a new government was formed, led by President Kurmanbek Bakiyev and Prime Minister Feliks Kulov.

At the moment, different political groups are fighting for power in the republic. Three of the 75 elected members of Parliament have been murdered. Kyrgyzstan’s main religion is Islam.

## Geography

Tian Shan mountain range in Kyrgyzstan.
Kyrgyzstan is a landlocked country in Central Asia. It is farther from the ocean than any other country in the world. It borders Kazakhstan, China, Tajikistan and Uzbekistan. Mountains cover over 80% of the country.

The land area of Kyrgyzstan is just a little bigger than the state of Nebraska.

Issyk-Kul Lake is the largest lake in Kyrgyzstan. It is the largest mountain lake in Asia and the second largest mountain lake in the world after Titicaca. Peak Jengish Chokusu, at 7,439 m (24,406 ft), is the highest point. The highest peaks are in the Kakshaal-Too range.

Bishkek, the capital city, is in the north. It is largest city in Kyrgyzstan. The second largest is the ancient town of Osh.

### Cities

| Name | Kyrgyz name | Oblast | Population  | Type |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| Balykchy | Балыкчы | Issyk Kul | 41,342 | city |
| Batken | Баткен | Batken | 10,987 | city |
| Bishkek | Бишкек | - | 750,327 | city |
| Cholpon-Ata | Чолпоната | Issyk Kul | 8,851 | city |
| Isfana | Исфана | Batken | *16,850* | city |
| Jalal-Abad | Жалалабат | Jalal-Abad | 70,401 | city |
| Kant | Кант | Chuy | 22,075 | city |
| Kara-Balta | Карабалта | Chuy | 47,159 | city |
| Karakol | Каракол | Issyk Kul | 64,322 | city |
| Karaköl | Каракөл | Jalal-Abad | 17,977 | city |
| Kara-Suu | Карасуу | Osh | 19,143 | city |
| Kerben | Кербен | Jalal-Abad | n/a | city |
| Kochkor-Ata | Кочкората | Jalal-Abad | 16,104 | city |
| Kökjanggak | Көкжаңгак | Jalal-Abad | 10,727 | city |
| Kyzyl-Kiya | Кызылкыя | Batken | 31,844 | city |
| Mailuu-Suu | Майлуусуу | Jalal-Abad | 20,365 | city |
| Naryn | Нарын | Naryn | 40,050 | city |
| Nookat | Ноокат | Osh | n/a | city |
| Osh | Oш | Osh | 208,520 | city |
| Shopokov | Шопоков | Chuy | 9,133 | city |
| Sulyukta | Сүлүктү | Batken | *14,145* | city |
| Talas | Tалас | Talas | 32,638 | city |
| Tashkömür | Ташкөмүр | Jalal-Abad | 23,331 | city |
| Tokmok | Tокмок | Chuy | 59,409 | city |
| Uzgen | Өзгөн | Osh | 41,497 | city |

## Economy

Kyrgyzstan was the second poorest country in the former Soviet Union next to Tajikistan. Now it is the second poorest country in Central Asia.

Agriculture is an important part of the economy in Kyrgyzstan. Much farming is still being done by hand and by horse. Main crops include wheat, sugar beets, potatoes, cotton, tobacco, vegetables, and fruit.

Kyrgyzstan is rich in mineral resources. It has small petroleum and natural gas reserves. Among its mineral reserves are solid amount of coal, gold, uranium, antimony and other metals but not iron. Metallurgy is an important industry.

Imports include petroleum and natural gas, ferrous metals, chemicals, most machinery, wood and paper products, food and construction materials. Its trade partners are Germany, Russia, China, Kazakhstan, and Uzbekistan.

## Related pages

* Kyrgyzstan at the Olympics
* Kyrgyzstan national football team
* List of rivers of Kyrgyzstan