Rikunarita-ORG/Wikinium huggingface dataset:
# Sivakasi

**Sivakasi** is a city and municipality in Virudhunagar district in the Indian state of Tamil Nadu. The town is known for its fire cracker, match box and printing industries. The industries in Sivakasi employ over 25,000 people with an estimated turn over of ₹20 billion (US$260 million).

Sivakasi was established in the 15th century during the reign of the Pandya king Harikesari Parakkirama Pandian. The town was a part of Madurai empire and has been ruled at various times by the Later Pandyas, Vijayanagar Empire, Madurai Nayaks, Chanda Sahib, Carnatic kingdom and the British Raj. The Sivakasi riots of 1899 took place during the British Raj here. Sivakasi has a dry weather, making it suitable for dry crops like cotton, chillies and millets. Badhrkali Amman temple is one of the most prominent landmarks of the town.

## Population

According to the 2011 census of India, Sivakasi had a population of 71,040 with a sex-ratio of 1,009 females for every 1,000 males, much above the national average of 929.

## Reference
# Dubai

The city of **Dubai** is the largest and most populated city in the United Arab Emirates (UAE) and the capital city of the emirate of Dubai, UAE. The city is sometimes called "Dubai City" to prevent it from being mixed up with the emirate.

Dubai is a city and emirate in the United Arab Emirates known for luxury shopping, ultramodern architecture and a lively nightlife scene. Burj Khalifa, an 828m-tall tower, dominates the skyscraper-filled skyline. At its foot lies Dubai Fountain, with jets and lights choreographed to music. On artificial islands just offshore is Atlantis, The Palm, a resort with water and marine-animal parks.

Dubai City
## History

There are records of the town of Dubai from 1799. The city was a dependent of Abu Dhabi until 1833. The town of Dubai was an important port of call for foreign tradesmen (chiefly Indians), who settled in the town. Until the 1930s, the town was known for its pearls.

## Famous places

* Burj Khalifa Burj Khalifa
* Burj al-Arab
* Dubai International Airport, in the middle of the city.
* Dubai Mall, one of the largest malls in the world
* Global Village
* Dubai park
* TakaHisa Japanese Restaurant
* IMG world of adventure
* 23 Marina
* Wild Wadi water park
* Dubai Desert Safari Experiences
* Dubai Attractions

## Climate

Dubai has a hot desert climate. Summers are extremely hot, windy, and humid. The highest recorded temperature in the UAE is 52.1 °C (126 °F), recorded in July 2002.

According to the UN, about 14 percent of the world population will face water scarcity by the year 2025. This shortage of water is expected to be worse in arid countries like the UAE. The UAE cloud seeding initiative is part of the government’s attempt to deal with the existing and future water needs of the country’s growing population.

## Specific rules

Dubai has strict rules like:

* The drinking age is 21. Drinking in public or being drunk in public are not tolerated.
* Offensive language, spitting, aggressive behavior and smoking outside designated areas are not tolerated.
* Public displays of affection such as holding hands or kissing are not tolerated.
* Men should avoid staring at local women or attempting to make eye contact.
* During Ramadan while Muslims are fasting from sunrise to sunset, non-Muslims can only eat and drink in screened-off areas.

## Other websites

* www.dubai.ae Archived 2019-10-05 at the Wayback Machine – Dubai Government portal
* www.dm.gov.ae – Dubai Municipality website
* dubijobs.com Archived 2021-05-16 at the Wayback Machine – Dubai Job portal
# Thriller (genre)

A **thriller** is a genre found in literature, movies and television. It uses suspense, where the audience is made to wonder what is going to happen next. Thrillers often have a horror or crime theme. Some examples of thriller movies are *Psycho*, *Silence of the Lambs*, *Vertigo*, *Rear Window*, *Argo* and *The Birds*.
# Rationalism

René Descartes was a main rationalist philosopher
**Rationalism** is the view that reasoning by itself is a source of knowledge or proof. It is a philosophical movement that began in the 17th century, but the same ideas were also talked about before then. Rationalist philosophers believe that all knowledge can be understood through a process of reasoning, without any external sources. They do not believe that human beings can understand everything this way, but that it is theoretically possible. Rationalist philosophers attempt to understand ideas like God and the soul in this manner.

The first people to talk about rationalism were Marin Mersenne and René Descartes, of the Age of Enlightenment in the 17th and 18th centuries. Other philosophers who are seen as rationalist today include Baruch Spinoza, Gottfried Leibniz and Immanuel Kant. Famous people opposed to this idea were David Hume and John Locke. These opponents favored a view called empiricism.

Rationalism also influenced natural law. Natural law is a theory that says that there are laws given by nature, valid everywhere. Deism was also influenced by rationalism. According to deism, a supreme being created the universe. This being, and other religious truths can be determined by observing nature, and finding natural laws. This would make religions that are based on revelation unnecessary.
# Acre

*For the state in Brazil, see Acre (state).*
An **acre** is the area of a rectangle, whose length is one furlong and width one chain.

Acre is an English unit of area, which is also used in the United States and some Commonwealth countries. It is most often used to describe areas of land.

* By the official definition it is 4,046.8564224 m2 (4,840 square yards). It is the area of one furlong by one chain.
* The *international acre* is 4,046.8564224 m2, or 0.404686 hectares. This is based on *international foot* of 0.3048 m.
* The length of the side of a square, whose area is one acre, is 209.71 feet.

An acre is approximately equal:

* the area of an American football field.

Originally, it was seen as the area of land a farmer could plough with an ox in a day. Since this definition depended on the farmer and the ox, it looked variable. Therefore, Edward I, Edward III, Henry VIII and George IV passed laws fixing its size. The Commonwealth countries, including the United States then also introduced these laws.

## Other websites

* The Units of Measurement Regulations 1995
* NIST Handbook 44 Archived 2004-12-04 at the Wayback Machine
# Urban legend

An **urban legend** is an often circulated story that is not necessarily based on truth, but merely conjecture and rumor. However, there may or may not be a grain of truth from which the story originated.

## Urban legends and the Internet

The Internet has made it easier for urban legends to spread, as people often spread them to their friends or family using e-mail. As a result, some websites such as Snopes.com and TruthOrFiction.com, among others, have been made that look at urban legends and try to see whether or not they are true.

An example of an urban legend is a report that years after the defeat of St Clair in 1791 at Ft Recovery Mercer Country Ohio - a skeleton of a Captain Roger Vanderberg was found in Miami County Ohio inside a tree along with a diary; in fact no one of this name was a casualty of the 1791 battle - it was a story that orginated in 1864 from a Scottish novel! Another example of a urban legend is a young woman and her mother going to visit the Paris Exposition; the mother falls ill, the daughter rushes off to get help only to find her mother gone! The woman either goes insane or is told the truth-her mother had the plague which was the reason for the coverup. This became the premise of a 1950s movie *So Long at the Fair*. In fact the basis for the legend was a story in 1897 in a Philadelphia newspaper...and no other sources in fact!

Other urban legends concern the Chase Burial Vault in Barbadoes although the lone account has no other basis in fact. Another urban legend concerns organized crime: In New York city at the turn of the century there was a "Murder Stable" where criminals killed one another. In fact, the report was exaggerated. Allegedly, an unknown killer named "Shotgun Man" committed dozens of murders with a shotgun in Chicago, Illinois after the turn of the century between 1910 and 1911 - although a check of a database of Chicago murders from that time period shows only one shotgun killings between 1900 and 1920.
# Share (finance)

In finance, a **share** is a unit of account for many different financial things including stocks, mutual funds, limited partnerships, and REIT's.

Capital means the money being invested to start a new business. The owner of share is called shareholder.

In British English, it is common to use the word **share** to refer to stocks. This is because the word **stock** historically referred to government bonds. This is why the term **stocks and share** account is not a tautology.

## Other websites

* Oldest share- the oldest share in the world (Voc 1606) Archived 2020-06-22 at the Wayback Machine
# Snapchat

Snapchat| Original author(s) | * Evan Spiegel
* Bobby Murphy
* Reggie Brown
 |
| Developer(s) | Snap Inc. |
| Initial release | September 2011 (2011-09) |
| Operating system | Android 5.0 or later iOS 12 or later |
| Size | 64 MB (Android) 258 MB (iOS) |
| Available in | 37 languages |
| List of languagesEnglish, Arabic, Bengali, Danish, Dutch, Filipino, Finnish, French, German, Greek, Gujarati, Hindi, Indonesian, Italian, Japanese, Kannada, Korean, Malay, Malayalam, Marathi, Norwegian, Polish, Portuguese, Punjabi, Romanian, Russian, Simplified Chinese, Spanish, Swedish, Tamil, Telugu, Thai, Traditional Chinese, Turkish, Urdu, Vietnamese |
| Type | * Photo sharing
* instant messaging
* video chat
* multimedia
 |
| License | Proprietary software |
| Website | www.snapchat.com |

**Snapchat** is a photo sharing app. Using the app, people can take pictures, add a text or drawing and send them to a list of contacts. The service started in September 2011. At first it was intended to send selfies that would disappear quickly but people learned how to save the pictures.

In June 2017 the app added "Snap Map". Snap Map is a feature that broadcasts the user's location on a map. This caused concerns over privacy and safety.

In June 2022, Snapchat introduced Snapchat Plus, a paid subscription offering early access to features, custom app icons, and the ability to see who rewatched stories.

In July 2022, Snapchat+ feature, Friend Solar System, get famous for its unique way of ranking best friends in a solar system format.
# Atmospheric pressure

This plastic bottle was sealed at approximately 14,000 feet altitude, and was crushed by the increase in atmospheric pressure (at 9,000 feet and 1,000 feet) as it was brought down towards sea level.
**Atmospheric pressure** is a force in an area pushing against a surface by the weight of the atmosphere of Earth, a layer of air. The air is not distributed evenly around the globe. It moves, and at different times, the layer of air is thicker in some places than in others. Where the layer of air is thicker, there is more air. Since there is more air, there is a higher pressure in that spot. Where the layer of air is thinner, there is a lower atmospheric pressure.

At higher altitude, the atmospheric density and pressure are lower. This is because high places do not have as much air above them, pushing down.

Barometers can be used to measure atmospheric pressure for meteorology. There is the same atmospheric pressure from all directions. The SI unit for pressure is hPa. Other units such as bar and torr are used for various applications.

## Other websites

* "Experiment of soda cans being crushed using atmospheric pressure". *teachertube.com*. Retrieved 11 August 2010.
* Atmospheric pressure Citizendium
# Tibetan Plateau

The Qinghai-Tibetan Plateau lies between the Himalayan range to the south and the Kunlun Range to the north
The Himalayas as seen from space looking south from over the Tibetan Plateau
The **Tibetan Plateau**, also known as **Qinghai–Tibet Plateau**, is a vast and high plateau. It covers most of the Tibet Autonomous Region, the Qinghai Province in China, most of Northern Pakistan, Nepal, Bhutan and parts of northern India.

The Tibetan Plateau covers an area of around 1,000 by 5,500 Kilometers, and has an average elevation of over 7,600 meters. It is the largest plateau in the world.

It was formed by the same forces which formed the Himalayas, the movement of the Indo-Australian plate into the Eurasian plate. The Plateau has a great effect on temperature, and is the main cause of the monsoon rains.
# Harvard University Press

**Harvard University Press** is the press of Harvard University.

Harvard University Press|  |
| Parent company | Harvard University |
| Founded | January 13, 1913 (1913-01-13) |
| Country of origin | United States |
| Headquarters location | Cambridge, Massachusetts |
| Distribution | TriLiteral (United States) John Wiley & Sons (international) |
| Key people | George Andreou (Director) |
| Publication types | Academic publishing |
| Imprints | Belknap |
| Official website | www.hup.harvard.edu |
# Soteriology

**Soteriology** is the branch of theology dealing with salvation

## Related pages

* History of salvation
* Salvation (Christianity)
* Arminianism
* Calvinism
* Catholicism

## Other websites

* Bible.org on Soteriology
# Church Father

The **Church Fathers** are ancient and influential Christian theologians, some of whom were great teachers or bishops. Only early teachers of Christianity are seen as Fathers by the Western Church. However, the Orthodox Church honors many more recent saints as "Fathers".

* Western Church: Ambrose (340–397 AD), Jerome (347–420 AD), Augustine (354–430 AD) and Saint Gregory the Great (540–604 AD)
* Eastern Church: Athanasius (c. 296–373 AD), Basil the Great (c. 329–379 AD), Gregory of Nazianzus (329–c. 389 AD) and John Chrysostom (347–407 AD)

## Related pages

* Five solas
* Christianity
	+ Catholicism
	+ Anglicanism
	+ Protestantism
		- Church of England
		- Reformed churches
		- Free Church of Scotland
	+ Eastern Christianity
		- Oriental Orthodoxy
		- Eastern Orthodox Church
* Byzantine Empire
* Classical antiquity
* Nondenominational Christianity
# England men's cricket team

England| National flag |
| Association | England and Wales Cricket Board (ECB) |
| History |
| Test status acquired | 1877 |
| Tests |
| First Test | v.  Australia at the Melbourne Cricket Ground (15/19 March 1877) |
| One Day Internationals |
| First ODI | v.  Australia at the Melbourne Cricket Ground (5 January 1971) |
| Twenty20 Internationals |
| First T20I | v.  Australia at the Rose Bowl, Southampton (13 June 2005) |

The **England** men's cricket team has been active since 1859, when a team captained by George Parr visited North America. The team is governed by the England and Wales Cricket Board (ECB), which is a Full Member of the International Cricket Council (ICC). England play all forms of international cricket: Test, One Day International (ODI), and Twenty20 International (T20I).
# Olympic sports

Olympics sports are games that are in Olympics in Summer and Winter Olympics. The 2024 Summer Olympics has 32 sports, and the 2022 Winter Olympics has 7 sports. The Olympics 5 rings means 5 continents in the world that have played Olympics. The sports are: Swimming, Golf, Volleyball, Hockey, etc. The most recent Olympics is the 2024 Summer Olympics in Paris. Every Olympics will happen about 2 years per each. The next Olympics will be the 2026 Winter Olympics at February 6th 2026.
# Victory Through Air Power (movie)

| Victory Through Air Power |
| --- |
| Trailer |
| Directed by | Perce Pearce **Animated Sequences:** James Algar Clyde Geronimi Jack Kinney **de Seversky scenes:** H.C. Potter |
| Written by | **Story direction:** Perce Pearce **Story adaptation:** T. Hee Erdman Penner William Cottrell James Brodero George Stallings Jose Rodriguez |
| Based on | *Victory Through Air Power* by Maj. Alexander P. Seversky |
| Produced by | Walt Disney |
| Starring | Alexander de Seversky |
| Narrated by | Art Baker |
| Cinematography | Ray Rennahan |
| Edited by | Jack Dennis |
| Music by | Edward H. Plumb Paul J. Smith Oliver Wallace |
| Production company | Walt Disney Productions |
| Distributed by | Metro-Goldwyn-Mayer United Artists |
| Release date | * July 17, 1943 (1943-07-17)
 |
| Running time | 65 minutes |
| Country | United States |
| Language | English  |
| Budget | $788,000 |
| Box office | $799,000 |

Victory Through Air Power is a 1943 Walt Disney Technicolor animated movie. It is based on the 1942 book *Victory Through Air Power* by Alexander P. de Seversky. De Seversky is in the movie. This was different from the Disney animated movies of the time.

The movie received an Academy Award nomination for Best Music Score of a Dramatic or Comedy Picture.

On December 8, 1941, The Walt Disney Company became a propaganda machine for the United States government. While most World War II movies were made for training, movies such as *Victory Through Air Power* were made to build public morale among the U.S. and Allied powers. Winston Churchill and Franklin D. Roosevelt were influenced by the movie.
# Billy Zane

Zane in Novemebr 2008
**William George "Billy" Zane, Jr.** (born February 24, 1966), mostly known as **Billy Zane** or **Bill Zane**, is an American television, voice, stage, video game, and movie actor, music executive, and movie producer. He has appeared in over 100 movies. He played "Match" in the *Back to the Future* trilogy and the main antagonist Caledon N. "Cal" Hockley in the 1997 James Cameron's blockbuster movie *Titanic*.

Zane was born on February 24, 1966 in Chicago, Illinois. He was married to Lisa Collins from 1989 until they divorced in 1995.

## Other websites

* Billy Zane on IMDb
* Billy Zane at the TCM Movie Database
* Billy Zane at AllMovie
# Dzongkha

| Dzongkha |
| --- |
| Bhutanese |
| རྫོང་ཁ་ |
| The word "Dzongkha" in Jôyi, a Bhutanese form of the Uchen script |
| Native to |  Bhutan  China  India

**Bhutan, Xizong, Northern (Tibetan)Nepal Part** |
| Ethnicity | Bhutanese |
| Native speakers | 171,080 (2013) Total speakers: 640,000 |
| Language family | Sino-Tibetan
* Tibeto-Kanauri ?
	+ Bodish
		- Tibetic
			* Dzongkha–Lhokä
				+ **Dzongkha**
 |
| Early forms | Proto-Sino-Tibetan
* Old Tibetan
	+ Classical Tibetan
 |
| Dialects | * Laya
* Lunana
* Adap
 |
| Writing system | Tibetan alphabet Dzongkha Braille |
| Official status |
| Official language in |  Bhutan |
| Regulated by | Dzongkha Development Commission |
| Language codes |
| ISO 639-1 | `dz` |
| ISO 639-2 | `dzo` |
| ISO 639-3 | `dzo` – inclusive code Individual codes: `lya` – Laya `luk` – Lunana `adp` – Adap |
| *Glottolog* | `nucl1307` |
| Linguasphere | `70-AAA-bf` |
| Districts of Bhutan in which the Dzongkha language is spoken natively are highlighted in yellow. |
|

**Dzongkha** or **Bhutanese** (རྫོང་ཁ་, [dzoŋkʰa]), is the national language of Bhutan.
# Flag of Pakistan

Islamic Republic of Pakistan|  |
|  |
| Name | *Parcam-i Sitārah o Hilāl* (Flag of the Star and Crescent) |
| Use | National flag   |
| Proportion | 2:3 |
| Adopted | 11 August 1947 (1947-08-11) |
| Design | A white star and crescent on a dark green field, with a vertical white stripe at the hoist |
| Designed by | Syed Amir-uddin Kedwaii |
|  |

The national flag of Pakistan was designed by Syed Amir uddin Kedwaii and was based on the original flag of the Muslim League. It was adopted by the Constituent Assembly of Pakistan on August 11, 1947, just days before independence. The flag is referred to in the national anthem as **Parcham-e-Sitāra-o-Hilāl** in Urdu (lit. Flag of the Crescent and Star). The flag comprises a dark green field, representing the Muslim majority of Pakistan, with a vertical white stripe in the hoist, that represents the Christians and other multi-faith communities of the country. In the centre is a white crescent moon, representing progress, and a white five-pointed star, representing light and knowledge.

* Flag of Khyber Pakhtunkhwa
* Flag of Islamabad Capital Territory
* Flag of Sindh, Pakistan
* Flag of Punjab
* Flag of Balochistan
* Flag of the Federally Administered Tribal Areas
* Flag of Azad Kashmir

## Related pages

* Coat of Arms of Pakistan
* Flag of Azad Jammu and Kashmir

## Other websites

 Media related to Flags of Pakistan at Wikimedia Commons
# West India

A map of West India
**Western India** is a region of the Republic of India, it includes the west side of states of Karnataka and Maharashtra, entire Gujarat and Goa and the union territory of Dadra and Nagar Haveli and Daman and Diu.
# Bengal Sultanate

The **Bengal Sultanate** was a late medieval sultanate based in the Bengal region in the eastern South Asia between the 14th and 16th centuries. It was the dominant power of the Ganges-Brahmaputra Delta, with a network of mint towns spread across the region. The Bengal Sultanate had a circle of vassal states in the Indian subcontinent, including Arakan in the southeast, and Tripura in the east.

Bengal Sultanate at its greatest extent.
# Mail

Variable value stamp
**Mail** is part of the **postal system**. The postal system is a system where written documents and small to medium packages are sent (delivered) to places around the world. Anything sent through the postal system is called mail or **post**.

A postal service can be private or public. Governments often make rules about private postal delivery systems. Since the early 19th century, most national postal systems have been controlled entirely by governments. The governments make people pay a fee to send something. This fee is usually in the form of stamps. Some governments only let private postal services deliver parcel (non-mail) packages.

Postal systems often do things other than sending letters. In some countries, the postal system is also in charge of telephone and telegraph systems. The postal systems in other countries can help people apply for government papers such as passports and driver's licenses. Many places the post offices also work like banks. This is so that people can take out money or pay bills at a nearby post office, instead of travelling to a big bank in the nearest town.

People drop letters in a post box to be collected and delivered by the post office.

## Related pages

* The dictionary definition of mail at Wiktionary
* Clapper Post
* Electronic mail
* Envelope
* Letter (paper)
* Letter box
* Postcard
* Telegram