Rikunarita-ORG/Wikinium huggingface dataset:
# Communication

Communication
**Communication** is when information is passed from a sender to a recipient using a medium. There are different media that can be used:

* Visual communication (using body language or gestures)
* Communicating with sounds (like human language, but may also be the barking of a dog)
* Communication using touch
* Using smell
* Using writing

Communication can be spoken (a word) or non-spoken (a smile). Communication has many ways, and happens all the time. Not only humans communicate, most other animals do too. Some communication is done without thinking, such as by changing in posture.

Communication that tries to change somebody's mind may be called persuasion or propaganda.

## How communication works

Communication works by exchanging information or messages. In very basic terms

1. The sender makes a message, from an idea. This is usually called *encoding*
2. The sender transmits the message through the medium.
3. The recipient receives the message and *decodes* it.

Besides the content of the message, there are other things that are important. These are not part of the message itself, but rather of its context

* Who is communicating, and what status does the communicator have?
* Communication messages usually do not come alone, but are accompanied by other messages. These are also interpreted.

For a message exchange to be successful, the sender and the recipient must have agreed on a vocabulary that avoids ambiguity. For example, the word *hedge* can mean completely different things based on the context. In botany a hedge is a row of shrubs or trees that make a barrier or form a border. In finance, a hedge is an investment made to reduce the risk of another investment. In linguistics a hedge is a word or set of words that make other words less important. Without information it is therefore very difficult to know which *hedge* is really meant by the speaker.

Key elements of effective communication include clarity, correctness, conciseness, active listening, empathy, feedback, and the appropriate choice of medium or channel.

## Related pages

* Broadcasting
* Communication protocol
* Cross-cultural communication
* Dialogue
* Language
* Sign language
* Telecommunication
# Deutschland Tour

Deutschland Tour|  |
| Race details |
| Date | August |
| Region | Germany |
| English name | Tour of Germany |
| Local name(s) | Deutschland Tour (in German) |
| Discipline | Road |
| Competition | UCI ProTour |
| Type | Stage-race |
| History |
| First edition | 1911 |
| Editions | 37 (as of 2023) |
| First winner |  Hans Ludwig |
| Most wins |  Jens Voigt (2) |
| Most recent |  Ilan Van Wilder |

The **Deutschland Tour** (English: *Tour of Germany* and sometimes *Deutschland-Rundfahrt* in German) is the most important stage race in Germany. Initially the race was held in May/June. Since 2005, it has been part of the UCI ProTour and has been moved to August.

## History

Already in 1911, a "national" cycling race of over 1,500 km was held in the German Empire (Germany was then lots of more or less independent kingdoms, duchies, and other little countries ). Until 1931 several Tours were held, organised by different groups. In 1931 the first *Deutschlandtour* was held. The race was well organised and exciting between 1937 and 1939, but stopped again at the start of World War II.

There was not a lot of road cycling in Germany, and the tour's popularity depended on German riders doing well in other races. This resulted in several parallel tours of West Germany.

But after Jan Ullrich's 1997 Tour de France victory, cycling became more popular. Partly as because of Germany's new-found cycling enthusiasm, the *Bund Deutscher Radfahrer e.V.* (German Cyclists' Federation) and the company Upsolut founded the Deutschland Tour *gmbh* (Ltd) 1999 the *Deutschlandtour* restarted, but has not been run since 2008 because of a lack of interest from TV sponsors.

## Other websites

* Official Site
* Deutchland Tour at Cyclingpost

| UCI ProTour* v
* t
* e
 |
| --- |
|

|  |
| --- |
|
2005 |
2006 |
2007
Paris-Nice |
Tirreno-Adriatico |
Milan-Sanremo |
Ronde van Vlaanderen |
Vuelta al País Vasco |
Gent-Wevelgem |
Paris-Roubaix |
Amstel Gold Race |
La Flèche Wallonne |
Liège-Bastogne-Liège |
Tour de Romandie |
Giro d'Italia |
Volta a Catalunya |
Critérium du Dauphiné Libéré |
Tour de Suisse |
Eindhoven TTT |
Tour de France |
Clásica de San Sebastián |
Deutschland Tour |
Vattenfall Cyclassics |
Eneco Tour of Benelux |
Vuelta a España |
GP Ouest-France |
Tour de Pologne |
Züri-Metzgete |
Paris-Tours |
Giro di Lombardia |

 |
| Deutschland Tour* v
* t
* e
 |
|

|  |
| --- |
|
2004 |
2005 |
2006 |
2007 |

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# Jens Voigt

Jens Voigt| Jens Voigt in 2007 |
| Personal information |
| Full name | Jens Voigt |
| Born |  (1971-09-17) 17 September 1971 Grevesmühlen, East Germany |
| Height | 1.90 m (6 ft 3 in) |
| Weight | 77 kg (170 lb; 12 st 2 lb) |
| Team information |
| Discipline | Road |
| Role | Rider |
| Rider type | Breakaway specialist Rouleur |
| Amateur team |
| TSC Berlin |
|  |
| Professional teams |
| 1997 | Giant-AIS Cycling Team |
| 1998–2003 | GAN |
| 2004–2010 | Team CSC |
| 2011–2014 | Leopard Trek |
|  |
| Major wins |
| **Grand ToursTour de France**
2 individual stages (2001, 2006)
1 TTT (2001)
**Giro d'Italia**
1 individual stage (2008)
**Stage races**
Tour de Pologne (2008)
Critérium International (1999, 2004, 2007–2009)
Deutschland Tour (2006, 2007)
Bayern Rundfahrt (2000, 2001, 2004)
Tour Méditerranéen (2005)
**One-day races and Classics**
Grand Prix des Nations (2001)
Paris–Bourges (2003)
Duo Normand (1999, 2001)
World **Hour record**
18 September 2014, 51.11 km (31.76 mi) |
|  |

**Jens Voigt** (born 17 September 1971) is a German former professional road bicycle racer and sports commentator. He was born in Grevesmühlen, East Germany. He rode for Giant–Australian Institute of Sport, Crédit Agricole, Tinkoff and Lidl–Trek from 1997 to 2014.

Voigt competed in the 2001 and 2006 Tour de France. He also competed in the 2008 Giro d'Italia. He also took part in the 2000, 2004 and 2008 Summer Olympics.

He retired in 2004. He is nicknamed the "King of Cycling".

## Other websites

 Media related to Jens Voigt at Wikimedia Commons

* Profile at Trek Factory Racing team site
# Felice Gimondi

**Felice Gimondi** (Italian pronunciation: [feˈliːtʃe dʒiˈmondi]; 29 September 1942 – 16 August 2019) was an Italian professional racing cyclist. He won all three *Grand Tours* of road cycling: Tour de France (1965, his first year as a pro), Giro d'Italia (1967, 1969 and 1976), and Vuelta a España (1968). He remains one of only seven cyclists to have done so.

Gimondi died on 16 August 2019 from a heart attack while swimming on vacation in Sicily. He was 76.