# November 15

**November 15** is the 319th day of the year (320th in leap years) in the Gregorian calendar. There are 46 days remaining until the end of the year.

## Events

### Up to 1900

* 655 – Oswiu of Northumbria defeats Penda of Mercia in the Battle of the Winwaed.
* 1315 – Battle of Morgarten: The Swiss "Eidgenossen" defeat the Habsburgs.
* 1532 – Commanded by Francisco Pizarro, Spanish conquistadors led by Hernando de Soto meet Inca Emperor Atahualpa for the first time outside Cajamarca, arranging a meeting in the city plaza the following day.
* 1533 – Francisco Pizarro arrived in Cuzco, capital of the Inca Empire, before plundering the city and setting it on fire.
* 1688 – William III lands at Brixham, starting the Glorious Revolution.
* 1777 – After 16 months of debate the Continental Congress approved the Articles of Confederation.
* 1806 – Pike expedition: Lieutenant Zebulon Pike saw a distant peak while near the Colorado foothills of the Rocky Mountains. It is later named Pikes Peak.
* 1825 – King John V of Portugal recognised the independence of Brazil.
* 1859 – The first modern revival of the Olympics took place in Athens, Greece.
* 1864 – Union General William Tecumseh Sherman burns Atlanta, Georgia and starts Sherman's March to the Sea.
* 1889 – Brazil is declared a republic by Marechal Deodoro da Fonseca and Emperor Pedro II is removed from power in a military coup. The pattern of stars on the night of this date is now included on the Flag of Brazil.

### 1901 – 2000

* 1908 – Colonialism: King Leopold II of Belgium sells the Democratic Republic of the Congo to the Belgian state.
* 1920 – First assembly of the League of Nations is held in Geneva.
* 1922 – Over 1,000 people are massacred during a General Strike in Guayaquil, Ecuador.
* 1926 – The NBC radio network opens with 24 stations.
* 1928 – The RNLI lifeboat *Mary Stanford* capsized in Rye Harbour with the loss of the entire 17–man crew.
* 1935 – Manuel L. Quezon became President of the Philippines.
* 1935 – Canada and the United States sign a trade agreement in Washington.
* 1939 – In Washington, D.C., US President Franklin D. Roosevelt lays the cornerstone of the Jefferson Memorial.
* 1940 – A wall is built around the Warsaw Ghetto.
* 1941 – Holocaust: SS chief Heinrich Himmler orders the arrest and deportation to concentration camps of all homosexuals in Germany, with the exception of certain top Nazi officials.
* 1942 – World War II: The Naval Battle of Guadalcanal ends in a Allied victory.
* 1943 – Holocaust: German SS leader Heinrich Himmler orders that Gypsies were to be put "on the same level as Jews and placed in concentration camps".
* 1945 – Venezuela joins the UN.
* 1948 – Louis Stephen St. Laurent succeeds William Lyon Mackenzie King as Prime Minister of Canada.
* 1949 – Nathuram Godse and Narayan Apte are executed for assassinating Mahatma Gandhi.
* 1953 – The sugar spreader is patented in West Germany.
* 1955 – The Liberal Democratic Party of Japan is founded. It ends up governing Japan continuously until 1993.
* 1960 – Basketball: An NBA record is set when Elgin Baylor of the New York Knicks scored 71 points in a single game.
* 1960 – A train crash in Pardubice, Czechoslovakia (now–Czech Republic) kills 110 people.
* 1966 – The Gemini 12 space probe splashed into the Atlantic Ocean, at the end of the Gemini program.
* 1966 – A Boeing 727 carrying Pan Am Flight 708 crashed near Berlin, killing all the 3 people on board.
* 1969 – Vietnam War: In Washington, D.C., 250,000–500,000 protesters staged a peaceful demonstration against the war.
* 1971 – Intel released the world's first commercial single–chip microprocessor, the 4004.
* 1976 – Rene Levesque became Premier of Quebec.
* 1978 – A chartered Douglas DC–8 airplane crashed near Colombo, Sri Lanka.
* 1983 – Turkish Republic of Northern Cyprus is founded.
* 1985 – The Anglo-Irish Agreement is signed by British Prime Minister Margaret Thatcher and Irish Taoiseach Garret FitzGerald.
* 1987 – Continental Airlines Flight 1713, a Douglas–9–14 jetliner, crashed in a snowstorm at Stapleton International Airport, Denver, Colorado, killing 28 people, with 54 surviving.
* 1987 – In Brasov, Romania, workers rebel against the Communist regime of Nicolae Ceausescu.
* 1988 – An independent State of Palestine is proclaimed by the Palestinian National Council.
* 1988 – The first Fairtrade label, Max Havelaar, is launched in the Netherlands.
* 1990 – A new republican form of government is created in Bulgaria.
* 1990 – Space Shuttle Atlantis launched with Flight STS–38.
* 1990 – Producers admit that Milli Vanilli, who won the 1990 "Best New Artist" Grammy Award, did not sing on their album.
* 2000 – A chartered Antonov An–24 crashed after take–off from Luanda, Angola, killing over 40 people.
* 2000 – In India, the new state of Jharkhand is created, out of the southern part of the state of Bihar.

### From 2001

* 2002 – Hu Jintao became general secretary of the Communist Party of China.
* 2003 – In Istanbul, two synagogues are bombed, killing 25 people.
* 2005 – Boeing officially launched the stretched Boeing 747–8.
* 2006 – Al Jazeera English news channel launched worldwide.
* 2007 – Tropical Cyclone Sidr hits Bangladesh, killing around 5000 people. It also caused a large amount of destruction to the Sundarbans mangrove forest.
* 2012 – Xi Jinping is announced as the next general secretary of the Communist Party of China, expected to lead China until 2022.
* 2017 – The military took over in Zimbabwe as President Robert Mugabe is placed under house arrest.
* 2017 – It is announced that a postal survey in Australia resulted in 61.6% of participating voters supporting same-sex marriage.
* 2017 – The Scottish Government is allowed to introduce a minimum price for alcohol after a ruling following a long–running court case. This would make Scotland the first country in the world to introduce this policy.
* 2017 – Leonardo da Vinci's painting "Salvator Mundi" sells for 450 million United States dollars at auction in New York City, smashing the previous record for a work of art in such a sale.
* 2017 – Argentine submarine "ARA San Juan" was lost off the coast of southern Argentina, with 44 people on board.
* 2018 – In the United Kingdom, several government ministers resign over Prime Minister Theresa May's proposed Brexit deal, including Brexit Secretary Dominic Raab and Work and Pensions Secretary Esther McVey.

## Births

### Up to 1900

* 457 – B'utz Aj Sak Chiik, Mayan king (d. 501)
* 968 – Romanos III Argyros, Byzantine Emperor (d. 1034)
* 1316 – King John I of France (d. November 20, 1316)
* 1397 – Pope Nicholas V (d. 1455)
* 1498 – Eleanor of Austria (d. 1558)
* 1511 – Johannes Secundus, Dutch poet (d. 1536)
* 1559 – Archduke Albert of Austria (d. 1621)
* 1607 – Madeleine de Scudéry, French author (d. 1701)
* 1661 – Christoph von Graffenried, Swiss settler in the Americas (d. 1743)
* 1688 – Louis Bertrand Castel, French mathematician (d. 1757)
* 1708 – William Pitt, 1st Earl of Chatham, Prime Minister of Great Britain (d. 1778)
* 1738 – William Herschel, German–born astronomer (d. 1822)
* 1741 – Johann Kaspar Lavater, German philosopher (d. 1801)
* 1746 – Joseph Quesnel, French–Canadian composer and playwright (d. 1809)
* 1778 – Giovanni Battista Belzoni, Italian adventurer, engineer, weightlifter and acrobat (d. 1823)
* 1784 – Jerome Bonaparte, King of Westphalia (d. 1860)
* 1804 – Eugenio Aguilar, Supreme Director of El Salvador (d. 1879)
* 1852 – Tewfik Pasha, Khedive of Egypt (d. 1892)
* 1859 – Christopher Hornsrud, Prime Minister of Norway (d. 1960)
* 1862 – Gerhart Hauptmann, German dramatist (d. 1946)
* 1867 – Emil Krebs, German polyglot (someone who speaks many languages) and sinologist (d. 1930)
* 1868 – Emil Racovita, Romanian biologist, zoologist and explorer of Antarctica (d. 1947)
* 1873 – Sara Josephine Baker, American physician and academic (d. 1945)
* 1874 – August Krogh, Danish zoologist, won the 1920 Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine (d. 1949)
* 1874 – Dimitrios Golemis, Greek runner (d. 1941)
* 1879 – Lewis Stone, American actor (d. 1953)
* 1881 – Franklin Pierce Adams, American newspaper columnist (d. 1960)
* 1882 – Felix Frankfurter, American jurist (d. 1965)
* 1886 – René Guénon, French philosopher and author (d. 1951)
* 1887 – Hitoshi Ashida, Prime Minister of Japan (d. 1959)
* 1887 – Marianne Moore, American poet and writer (d. 1972)
* 1887 – Georgia O'Keeffe, American painter (d. 1986)
* 1888 – Harald Sverdrup, Norwegian oceanographer (d. 1957)
* 1889 – Manuel II, last King of Portugal (d. 1932)
* 1891 – W. Averell Harriman, 48th Governor of New York (d. 1986)
* 1891 – Erwin Rommel, German field marshal (d. 1944)
* 1892 – Naomi Childers, American actress (d. 1964)
* 1893 – Carlo Emilio Gadda, Italian writer (d. 1973)
* 1895 – Grand Duchess Olga Nikolaevna of Russia (d. 1918)
* 1895 – Antoni Slominski, Polish journalist, poet and playwright (d. 1976)
* 1897 – Aneurin Bevan, British politician (d. 1960)
* 1899 – Avdy Andresson, Estonian statesman (d. 1990)

### 1901 – 1950

* 1905 – Mantovani, Italian–born composer (d. 1980)
* 1906 – Curtis LeMay, US Air Force General (d. 1990)
* 1907 – Claus Schenk Graf von Stauffenberg, German army officer during World War II (d. 1944)
* 1910 – Hugh Greene, British journalist (d. 1987)
* 1912 – Yi Wu, Korean prince (d. 1945)
* 1912 – Albert Baez, American physicist (d. 2007)
* 1912 – Fosco Maraini, Italian photographer, anthropologist, ethnologist, writer, mountaineer and academic (d. 2004)
* 1913 – Guy Green, British movie director (d. 2005)
* 1914 – Giuseppe Caprio, Italian cardinal (d. 2005)
* 1914 – V. R. Krishna Iyer, Indian judge (d. 2014)
* 1915 – David Stirling, British founder of the SAS (d. 1990)
* 1916 – Nita Barrow, 7th Governor–General of Barbados (d. 1995)
* 1916 – Bill Melendez, Mexican–American animator (d. 2008)
* 1919 – Joseph Wapner, American television personality (d. 2017)
* 1922 – David Sidney Feingold, American biochemist
* 1922 – Francesco Rosi, Italian movie director (d. 2015)
* 1925 – Howard Baker, American politician (d. 2014)
* 1927 – Bill Rowling, Prime Minister of New Zealand (d. 1995)
* 1927 – Gregor Mackenzie, British politician (d. 1992)
* 1929 – Ed Asner, American actor (d. 2021)
* 1930 – J. G. Ballard, English writer (d. 2009)
* 1930 – Aureliano Bolognesi, Italian boxer (d. 2018)
* 1930 – Olene S. Walker, former Governor of Utah (d. 2015)
* 1931 – Mwai Kibaki, former President of Kenya (d. 2022)
* 1931 – Pascal Lissouba, Congolese politician
* 1931 – John Kerr, American actor and lawyer (d. 2013)
* 1932 – Petula Clark, English singer
* 1932 – Alvin Plantinga, American philosopher
* 1933 – Jack Burns, American comedian
* 1933 – Françoise Héritier, French anthropologist and feminist (d. 2017)
* 1934 – Joanna Barnes, American actress
* 1935 – Mahmoud Abbas, president of Palestine
* 1935 – Nera White, American basketball player (d. 2016)
* 1936 – Wolf Biermann, German writer
* 1937 – Little Willie John, American singer (d. 1968)
* 1939 – W. C. Clark, American blues musician
* 1939 – Rauni-Leena Luukanen-Kilde, Finnish physician (d. 2015)
* 1940 – Roberto Cavalli, Italian fashion designer
* 1940 – Hank Wangford, English singer-songwriter, guitarist and producer
* 1940 – Sam Waterston, American actor
* 1942 – Daniel Barenboim, Argentine–born conductor
* 1945 – Anni-Frid Lyngstad, Norwegian–born Swedish singer (ABBA)
* 1945 – Bob Gunton, American actor
* 1945 – Roger Donaldson, Australian–New Zealand director, producer and screenwriter
* 1946 – Vasilis Goumas, Greek basketball player
* 1947 – Bill Richardson, American politician and former Governor of New Mexico
* 1947 – Malcolm Ranjith, Sri Lankan cardinal
* 1948 – David Caygill, New Zealand politician
* 1950 – Graham Parker, English singer-songwriter
* 1950 – Egon Vaupel, German politician, 16th Mayor of Marburg

### 1951 – 1975

* 1951 – Beverly D'Angelo, American actress
* 1951 – Billy McColl, Scottish actor (d. 2014)
* 1952 – Randy Savage, American professional wrestler (d. 2011)
* 1953 – Alexander O'Neal, American singer
* 1953 – Toshio Takabayashi, Japanese footballer
* 1954 – Emma Dent Coad, English politician
* 1954 – Aleksander Kwaśniewski, former President of Poland
* 1954 – Uli Stielike, German footballer
* 1956 – Michael Hampton, American guitarist (Funkadelic)
* 1957 – Kevin Eubanks, American jazz guitarist
* 1957 – Harold Marcuse, American historian and educator
* 1958 – Gu Kailai, Chinese lawyer and businesswoman
* 1958 – Lesley Laird, Scottish politician
* 1960 – Susanne Lothar, German actress (d. 2012)
* 1963 – Andrew Castle, English television presenter and former tennis player
* 1963 – Toru Sano, Japanese footballer
* 1965 – Nigel Bond, English snooker player
* 1967 – Dom Joly, English comedian and journalist
* 1967 – Gustavo Poyet, Uruguayan footballer
* 1967 – François Ozon, French director and screenwriter
* 1967 – Pandeli Majko, former Prime Minister of Albania
* 1968 – Ol' Dirty Bastard, American rapper (d. 2004)
* 1968 – Jennifer Charles, American singer-songwriter
* 1968 – Fausto Brizzi, Italian director and screenwriter
* 1968 – Uwe Rösler, German footballer and manager
* 1970 – Pedro Caixinha, Portuguese footballer and manager
* 1970 – Patrick M'Boma, Cameroonian footballer
* 1972 – Jessica Hynes, English actress
* 1972 – Jonny Lee Miller, English actor
* 1973 – Albert Portas, Spanish tennis player
* 1974 – Chad Kroeger, Canadian singer (Nickelback)
* 1975 – Yannick Tremblay, Canadian ice hockey player

### From 1976

* 1976 – Brandon DiCamillo, American comedian, actor and stuntman
* 1976 – Virginie Ledoyen, French actress
* 1977 – Peter Phillips, first grandchild of Queen Elizabeth II
* 1977 – Sean Murray, American actor
* 1979 – Josemi, Spanish footballer
* 1979 – Brett Lancaster, Australian cyclist
* 1979 – Robert Kendrick, American tennis player
* 1979 – Albert Rivera, Spanish politician
* 1981 – Jordan Buckley, American guitarist
* 1981 – Lorena Ochoa, Mexican golfer
* 1982 – Kalu Uche, Nigerian footballer
* 1983 – John Heitinga, Dutch footballer
* 1983 – Veli-Matti Lindström, Finnish ski jumper
* 1983 – Laura Smet, French actress
* 1983 – Fernando Verdasco, Spanish tennis player
* 1984 – Gemma Atkinson, English actress
* 1985 – Lily Aldridge, American fashion model
* 1985 – Jeffree Star, American performer
* 1986 – Sania Mirza, Indian tennis player
* 1988 – Zena Grey, American actress
* 1988 – B.o.B, American rapper and producer
* 1988 – Morgan Parra, French rugby player
* 1988 – Billy Twelvetrees, English rugby player
* 1991 – Shailene Woodley, American actress
* 1992 – Kevin Wimmer, Austrian footballer
* 1992 – Minami Minegishi, Japanese singer and actress (AKB48)
* 1993 – Saaya Irie, Japanese actress and singer
* 1993 – Paulo Dybala, Argentine footballer
* 1994 – Saffron Coomber, English actress
* 1995 – Karl-Anthony Towns, Dominican–American basketball player
* 1998 – Benedict Mateo, Filipino artist
* 2005 – Tsehay Hawkins, Australian musician (The Wiggles)

## Deaths

### Up to 1900

* 655 – Penda, King of Mercia
* 1028 – Constantine VIII, Byzantine Emperor (b. 960)
* 1136 – Leopold III, Margrave of Austria (b. 1073)
* 1210 – Ly Cap Tong, King of the Ly Dynasty of Vietnam (b. 1173)
* 1280 – Albertus Magnus, German theologian, bishop and philosopher
* 1544 – King Jungjong of Joseon of Korea (b. 1506)
* 1594 – Martin Frobisher, English explorer (b. 1539)
* 1630 – Johannes Kepler, German astronomer and mathematician (b. 1571)
* 1670 – John Amos Comenius, Czech writer (b. 1592)
* 1706 – Tsangyang Gyatso, 6th Dalai Lama (b. 1683)
* 1712 – James Hamilton, 4th Duke of Hamilton, Scottish general and politician (b. 1658)
* 1712 – Charles Mohun, 4th Baron Mohun, English politician (b. 1675)
* 1787 – Christoph Willibald Gluck, German composer (b. 1714)
* 1794 – John Witherspoon, American signer of the Declaration of Independence (b. 1723)
* 1819 – Daniel Rutherford, Scottish chemist and physician (b. 1749)
* 1832 – Jean-Baptiste Say, French economist (b. 1767)
* 1839 – William Murdoch, Scottish engineer and inventor (b. 1754)
* 1853 – Maria II of Portugal (b. 1819)

### 1901 – 2000

* 1908 – Empress Dowager Cixi of China (b. 1835)
* 1910 – Wilhelm Raabe, German writer (b. 1831)
* 1914 – Harry Turner, American baseball player
* 1916 – Henryk Sienkiewicz, Polish writer (b. 1846)
* 1917 – Émile Durkheim, French sociologist (b. 1858)
* 1919 – Alfred Werner, German chemist (b. 1866)
* 1919 – Mohammad Farid, Egyptian politician (b. 1868)
* 1922 – Dimitrios Gounaris, Greek politician (b. 1866)
* 1922 – Georgios Hatzianestis, Greek general (b. 1863)
* 1922 – Petros Protopapadakis, Greek politician (b. 1854)
* 1922 – Nikolaos Stratos, Greek politician (b. 1872)
* 1949 – Nathuram Godse and Narayan Apte, conspirators against Mahatma Gandhi
* 1954 – Lionel Barrymore, American actor (b. 1879)
* 1958 – Tyrone Power, American actor (b. 1914)
* 1959 – Charles Thomson Rees Wilson, Scottish physicist (b. 1869)
* 1961 – Elsie Ferguson, American actress (b. 1883)
* 1963 – Fritz Reiner, Hungarian conductor (b. 1888)
* 1967 – Michael J. Adams, American test pilot (b. 1930)
* 1976 – Jean Gabin, French actor (b. 1904)
* 1978 – Margaret Mead, American anthropologist (b. 1901)
* 1980 – Emilio Pujol, Catalan guitarist and composer (b. 1886)
* 1982 – Vinoba Bhave, Indian Human rights advocate (b. 1895)
* 1983 – John Le Mesurier, English actor (b. 1912)
* 1988 – Archbishop Ieronymos I of Athens, Greek Orthodox Archbishop of Athens (b. 1905)
* 1996 – Alger Hiss, American government official and spy (b. 1904)
* 1998 – Stokely Carmichael, American Civil rights activist (b. 1941)
* 2000 – Piero Pasinati, Italian footballer (b. 1910)

### From 2001

* 2002 – Myra Hindley, English murderer (b. 1942)
* 2003 – Dorothy Loudon, American actress (b. 1933)
* 2003 – Speedy West, American musician (b. 1924)
* 2004 – Elmer L. Anderson, American politician (b. 1909)
* 2006 – Ana Carolina Reston, Brazilian fashion model (b. 1985)
* 2007 – Joe Nuxhall, American baseball player (b. 1928)
* 2009 – Pavle, Serbian Patriarch (b. 1914)
* 2009 – Pierre Harmel, Prime Minister of Belgium (b. 1911)
* 2010 – Larry Evans, American chess player (b. 1932)
* 2011 – Oba Chandler, American murderer (b. 1946)
* 2011 – Dulcie Gray, British actress (b. 1915)
* 2013 – Glafcos Clerides, 4th President of Cyprus (b. 1919)
* 2013 – Raimondo D'Inzeo, Italian equestrian show jumper (b. 1925)
* 2014 – Lucien Clergue, French photographer (b. 1934)
* 2014 – Reg Withers, Australian politician (b. 1924)
* 2014 – Valéry Mézague, Cameroonian footballer (b. 1983)
* 2015 – Moira Orfei, Italian actress (b. 1931)
* 2015 – Vincent Margera, American television personality (b. 1956)
* 2015 – Saeed Jaffrey, Indian actor (b. 1929)
* 2015 – Herbert Scarf, American mathematician (b. 1930)
* 2015 – Dora Doll, French actress (b. 1922)
* 2015 – Nicoletta Machiavelli, Italian actress (b. 1944)
* 2016 – Mose Allison, American jazz musician (b. 1927)
* 2016 – Sixto Durán Ballén, 37th President of Ecuador (b. 1921)
* 2017 – Luis Bacalov, Argentine–Italian film score composer (b. 1933)
* 2017 – Keith Barron, English actor (b. 1934)
* 2017 – Françoise Héritier, French anthropologist and feminist (b. 1933)
* 2017 – Frans Krajcberg, Polish–Brazilian artist (b. 1921)
* 2017 – Lil Peep, American singer and rapper (b. 1996)
* 2018 – John Bluthal, Polish–born British–Australian actor (b. 1929)
* 2018 – Roy Clark, American country music singer and television host (b. 1933)
* 2018 – Adolf Grünbaum, German–American science professor (b. 1923)
* 2018 – Zhores Medvedev, Russian agronomist, biologist and dissident (b. 1925)
* 2018 – Mike Noble, British comic artist and cartoonist (b. 1930)
* 2018 – Luigi Rossi di Montelera, Italian businessman and politician (b. 1946)
* 2018 – Aldyr Schlee, Brazilian writer, journalist, translator, illustrator and professor (b. 1934)
* 2018 – Sigmund Steinnes, Norwegian politician (b. 1959)
* 2019 – Mark Cady, American judge (b. 1953)
* 2019 – Jim Coates, American baseball player (b. 1932)
* 2019 – Harrison Dillard, American athlete (b. 1923)
* 2019 – Vladimir Hotineanu, Moldovan politician (b. 1950)
* 2019 – Irv Noren, American baseball player (b. 1924)
* 2019 – Juliusz Paetz, Polish archbishop (b. 1935)
* 2024 – Yuriko, Princess Mikasa, member of the Imperial House of Japan as widow of Takahito, Prince Mikasa (b. 1923)

## Holidays and observances

* Brazil – Republic Proclamation Day (1889)
* Palestine – Independence Day (declared 1988)
* Japan – Shichi-Go-San – traditional rite of passage and festival day for three and seven–year–old girls and three and five–year–old boys
* Belgium
	+ Day of the German-speaking Community
	+ King's Feast
* Eastern Orthodox Christianity – beginning of Winter Lent