# April 4

**April 4** is the 94th day of the year (95th in leap years) in the Gregorian calendar. There are 271 days remaining until the end of the year.

## Events

### Up to 1900

* 1147 – First historic record of Moscow.
* 1581 – Francis Drake is knighted by Queen Elizabeth I of England.
* 1660 – Declaration of Breda by Charles II of England.
* 1721 – Robert Walpole becomes the first Prime Minister of the United Kingdom.
* 1789 – The HMAV Bounty leaves Tahiti.
* 1812 – US President James Madison creates a 90–day embargo on trade with the United Kingdom.
* 1814 – Napoleon Bonaparte abdicates as Emperor of France.
* 1818 – United States Congress adopts a 13–stripe and 20–star national flag for the United States.
* 1841 – William Henry Harrison dies, making him the shortest–serving President of the United States, with 31 days in office. John Tyler succeeds him.
* 1850 – Los Angeles is incorporated as a city.
* 1865 – American Civil War: Abraham Lincoln visits Confederate capital city Richmond, Virginia.
* 1866 – Tsar Alexander II of Russia survives an assassination attempt in Kyiv.
* 1873 – The British Kennel Club is founded, for the registry of purebred dogs.
* 1884 – A peace treaty ends the War of the Pacific. Chile gains territory from Bolivia, which loses its coastline.
* 1887 – Argonia, Kansas, elects Susanna M. Salter as its Mayor, becoming the first woman in the United States to take up this role.

### 1901 – 2000

* 1905 – An earthquake in Kangra, Northern India, kills around 20,000 people.
* 1906 – Mount Vesuvius erupts.
* 1917 – British passenger steamer *City of Paris* is sunk by a German U–boat off the Cote d'Azur, southern France, killing all 122 people on board.
* 1925 – The Schutzstaffel (SS) is founded.
* 1939 – Faisal II becomes King of Iraq.
* 1944 – World War II: The first Anglo–American bombardment of Bucharest kills around 3,000 people.
* 1945 – World War II: The Soviet Army takes control of Hungary.
* 1945 – World War II: American troops capture Kassel.
* 1949 – NATO is founded.
* 1958 – The CND peace symbol is displayed in public for the first time, in London.
* 1960 – France agrees to the independence of Senegal and French Sudan (Mali).
* 1964 – The Beatles occupy all of the top 5 places in the Billboard Hot 100.
* 1967 – Martin Luther King, Jr. delivers the *Beyond Vietnam: A Time to Break Silence* speech in protest against the Vietnam War.
* 1968 – NASA launches Apollo 6.
* 1968 – Martin Luther King, Jr. is shot dead in Memphis, Tennessee.
* 1969 – Dr. Denton Cooley implants the first temporary artificial heart.
* 1973 – The World Trade Center in New York City is officially dedicated.
* 1976 – Microsoft is founded by a partnership of Bill Gates and Paul Allen in Albuquerque, New Mexico.
* 1976 – Prince Norodom Sihanouk of Cambodia resigns and is placed under house arrest.
* 1979 – Zulfiqar Ali Bhutto is executed in Pakistan.
* 1983 – The Space Shuttle Challenger makes its first space flight.
* 1984 – Ronald Reagan calls for an international ban on chemical weapons.
* 1988 – Governor Evan Mecham of Arizona is convicted in his impeachment trial and removed from office.
* 1991 – Nicéphore Dieudonné Soglo becomes President of Benin.
* 1996 – Comet Hyakutake is imaged by the USA Asteroid Orbiter *Near Earth Rendezvous*.
* 1998 – A landslide in Southwestern Iran kills around 120 people.

### From 2001

* 2002 – The Angolan government and UNITA rebels sign a peace treaty, ending the Angolan Civil War.
* 2003 – Voodoo becomes an official religion in Haiti.
* 2003 – Iraq War: US bombing of Baghdad begins.
* 2004 – Eddie Fenech Adami becomes President of Malta.
* 2005 – From Moscow, where he fled to after a major uprising, Askar Akayev officially announces his resignation as President of Kyrgyzstan.
* 2007 – Iran releases 15 Royal Navy personnel that were arrested 12 days earlier for allegedly trespassing in Iranian waters.
* 2009 – Anders Fogh Rasmussen is announced to succeed Jaap de Hoop Scheffer as NATO Secretary–General. He takes up the post on August 1 of the same year.
* 2009 – George Abela becomes President of Malta.
* 2013 – Over 70 people are killed in a building collapse in Thane, India.
* 2014 – Marie Louise Coleiro Preca becomes President of Malta.
* 2017 – A chemical gas attack in Khan Shaykhun, Syria, kills at least 74 people.
* 2018 – The 2018 Commonwealth Games in Gold Coast, Queensland, Australia, begin.
* 2019 – George Vella becomes President of Malta.

## Births

### Up to 1900

* 188 – Caracalla, Roman Emperor (d. 217)
* 1179 – Farid-ud-din Ganj Shakar, Islamic saint in South Asia (d. 1266)
* 1492 – Ambrosius Blarer, German–Swiss theologian and reformer (d. 1564)
* 1572 – William Strachey, English writer (d. 1621)
* 1593 – Edward Nicholas, English statesman (d. 1669)
* 1614 – Henry II, Duke of Guise (d. 1664)
* 1640 – Gaspar Sanz, Aragonese composer, guitarist, organist and priest (d. 1710)
* 1646 – Antoine Galland, French archaeologist (d. 1715)
* 1648 – Grinling Gibbons, Dutch woodcarver (d. 1721)
* 1676 – Giuseppe Maria Orlandini, Italian composer (d. 1760)
* 1688 – Joseph-Nicolas Delisle, French astronomer (d. 1768)
* 1752 – Niccolo Antonio Zingarelli, Italian composer (d. 1837)
* 1759 – Israel Smith, Governor of Vermont (d. 1810)
* 1760 – Juan Manuel Olivares, Venezuelan composer (d. 1797)
* 1773 – Etienne Maurice Gerard, French general and statesman (d. 1852)
* 1785 – Bettina von Arnim, German writer (d. 1859)
* 1792 – Thaddeus Stevens, American lawyer and politician (d. 1868)
* 1802 – Dorothea Dix, American social activist (d. 1887)
* 1806 – Claiborne Fox Jackson, Governor of Missouri (d. 1862)
* 1809 – Benjamin Peirce, American astronomer and mathematician (d. 1880)
* 1819 – Queen Maria II of Portugal (d. 1853)
* 1821 – Linus Yale, Jr., American inventor and manufacturer (d. 1868)
* 1826 – Zenobe Gramme, Belgian engineer (d. 1901)
* 1828 – Margaret Oliphant, Scottish novelist (d. 1897)
* 1835 – John Hughlings Jackson, English neurologist (d. 1911)
* 1842 – Edouard Lucas, French mathematician (d. 1891)
* 1843 – William Henry Jackson, American painter (d. 1942)
* 1848 – Artruro Prat, Chilean naval hero (d. 1879)
* 1858 – Remy de Gourmont, French writer, poet and critic (d. 1915)
* 1869 – Mary Jane Cotter, American architect (d. 1958)
* 1875 – Pierre Monteux, French conductor (d. 1964)
* 1876 – Maurice de Vlaminck, French painter (d. 1958)
* 1878 – Stylianos Lykoudis, Greek admiral (d. 1958)
* 1884 – Isoroku Yamamoto, Japanese naval commander (d. 1943)
* 1889 – Makhanlal Chaturvedi, Indian Hindi language poet (d. 1968)
* 1895 – Arthur Murray, American dancer and educator (d. 1991)
* 1896 – Robert E. Sherwood, American playwright, editor and screenwriter (d. 1955)
* 1897 – Dina Manfredini, Italian–born American supercentenarian (d. 2012)
* 1897 – Pierre Fresnay, French actor (d. 1975)
* 1898 – Agnes Ayres, American actress (d. 1940)
* 1899 – Hillel Oppenheimer, German–Israeli botanist (d. 1971)

### 1901 – 1950

* 1905 – Dougie Gray, Scottish footballer (d. 1972)
* 1905 – George Stevenson, Scottish footballer (d. 1990)
* 1905 – Shojiro Sugimura, Japanese footballer (d. 1975)
* 1906 – Yasuo Haruyama, Japanese footballer (d. 1987)
* 1906 – Bea Benaderet, American actress (d. 1968)
* 1906 – John Cameron Swayze, American journalist (d. 1995)
* 1907 – Robert Askin, Premier of New South Wales (d. 1981)
* 1910 – Barthélemy Boganda, Central African politician (d. 1959)
* 1910 – Dang Van Ngu, Vietnamese physician (d. 1967)
* 1911 – Max Dupain, Australian photographer (d. 1992)
* 1913 – Rosemary Lane, American actress and singer (d. 1974)
* 1913 – Frances Langford, American actress and singer (d. 2005)
* 1913 – Jules Léger, Canadian diplomat and Governor General of Canada (d. 1980)
* 1914 – Marguerite Duras, French writer (d. 1996)
* 1914 – Richard Coogan, American actor (d. 2014)
* 1915 – Muddy Waters, American musician (d. 1983)
* 1916 – Nikola Ljubicic, Yugoslavian general and politician (d. 2005)
* 1920 – Ignatius IV of Antioch, Syrian patriarch (d. 2012)
* 1920 – Eric Rohmer, French movie director (d. 2010)
* 1921 – Elizabeth Wilson, American actress (d. 2015)
* 1921 – Orunamamu, American–Canadian storyteller (d. 2014)
* 1922 – Elmer Bernstein, American movie composer (d. 2004)
* 1923 – Peter Vaughan, English actor (d. 2016)
* 1924 – Gil Hodges, American baseball player and manager (d. 1972)
* 1925 – Gene Reynolds, American actor, director, producer and screenwriter
* 1925 – Dettmar Cramer, German footballer and coach (d. 2015)
* 1925 – Frank Truitt, American sports coach (d. 2014)
* 1926 – Ronnie Masterson, Irish actress (d. 2014)
* 1928 – Maya Angelou, American writer and poet (d. 2014)
* 1928 – Elina Bystritskaya, Russian actress (d. 2019)
* 1931 – Catherine Tizard, 16th Governor-General of New Zealand
* 1931 – Bobby Ray Inman, American admiral and intelligence director
* 1932 – Andrei Tarkovsky, Soviet movie maker (d. 1986)
* 1932 – Anthony Perkins, American actor (d. 1993)
* 1932 – Richard Lugar, American politician (d. 2019)
* 1932 – Clive Davis, American music manager and producer
* 1935 – Kenneth Mars, American actor (d. 2011)
* 1935 – Trevor Griffiths, English playwright
* 1938 – A. Bartlett Giamatti, 7th Commissioner of Major League Baseball (d. 1989)
* 1938 – Norro Wilson, American country music singer–songwriter and record producer (d. 2017)
* 1939 – Ragnhild Queseth Haarstad, Norwegian politician (d. 2017)
* 1939 – Hugh Masekela, South African musician (d. 2018)
* 1939 – Ernie Terrell, American boxer and singer (d. 2014)
* 1942 – Jim Fregosi, American baseball player and manager
* 1942 – Kitty Kelley, American actress
* 1942 – Michel Fourniret, French serial killer
* 1944 – Ann-Louise Hanson, Swedish singer
* 1944 – Craig T. Nelson, American actor
* 1945 – Daniel Cohn-Bendit, French–German political activist
* 1945 – Katherine Neville, American writer
* 1946 – Katsuaki Sato, Japanese martial artist
* 1946 – Dave Hill, English musician (Slade)
* 1948 – Abdullah Ocalan, Kurdish activist
* 1948 – Berry Oakley, American musician (d. 1997)
* 1948 – Pick Withers, British musician
* 1949 – Junior Braithwaite, Jamaican musician (d. 1999)
* 1950 – Christine Lahti, American actress

### 1951 – 1975

* 1951 – Hun Sen, Prime Minister of Cambodia
* 1952 – Gary Moore, Northern Irish musician (d. 2011)
* 1952 – Rosemarie Ackermann, German athlete
* 1952 – Karen Magnussen, Canadian figure skater
* 1952 – Cherie Lunghi, English actress
* 1953 – Chen Yi, Chinese composer and violinist
* 1953 – Henry Fotheringham, South African cricketer
* 1954 – Michel Camilo, Dominican pianist
* 1954 – Dave Ulliott, English poker player (d. 2015)
* 1956 – David E. Kelley, American writer and television producer
* 1957 – Aki Kaurismaki, Finnish director
* 1957 – Graeme Kelling, Scottish guitarist (Deacon Blue) (d. 2004)
* 1958 – Cazuza, Brazilian composer and singer (d. 1990)
* 1958 – Vichai Srivaddhanaprabha, Thai businessman (d. 2018)
* 1960 – Hugo Weaving, Australian actor
* 1960 – Jonathan Agnew, English cricketer
* 1962 – Craig Adams, English bass player and songwriter
* 1963 – Graham Norton, Irish television host
* 1963 – A. Michael Baldwin, American actor, producer and screenwriter
* 1963 – Jane McDonald, English singer and actress
* 1964 – Branco, Brazilian footballer
* 1965 – Robert Downey Jr., American actor
* 1966 – Mike Starr, American musician (d. 2011)
* 1966 – Stefan Mappus, German politician
* 1967 – Edith Masai, Kenyan runner
* 1969 – Karren Brady, British sports executive and broadcaster
* 1970 – Georgius Amanatidis, Greek footballer
* 1970 – Greg Garcia, American director, producer and screenwriter
* 1970 – Yelena Yelesina, Russian high jumper
* 1972 – Magnus Sveningsson, Swedish musician (The Cardigans)
* 1972 – Jill Scott, American singer and actress
* 1972 – Xenia Seeberg, German actress
* 1973 – David Blaine, American illusionist and magician
* 1973 – Chris McCormack, Australian athlete
* 1974 – Dave Mirra, American BMX rider (d. 2016)
* 1975 – Thobias Fredriksson, Swedish cross–country skier
* 1975 – Carl Ruiz, American chef and television personality (d. 2019)

### From 1976

* 1976 – Emerson, Brazilian footballer
* 1977 – Adam Dutkiewicz, American guitarist and producer
* 1977 – Stephen Mulhern, English magician
* 1978 – Lemar, English singer
* 1978 – Irene Skliva, Greek model
* 1978 – Sam Moran, Australian musician (The Wiggles)
* 1979 – Heath Ledger, Australian actor (d. 2008)
* 1980 – Johnny Borrell, English singer (Razorlight)
* 1980 – Trevor Moore, American actor, director, producer and screenwriter
* 1981 – Anna Pyatykh, Russian triple jumper
* 1981 – Ned Vizzini, American writer (d. 2013)
* 1983 – Amanda Righetti, American actress
* 1983 – Evgeny Artyukhin, Russian ice hockey player
* 1984 – Sean May, American basketball player
* 1985 – Rudy Fernandez, Spanish basketball player
* 1986 – Eunhyuk, South Korean singer
* 1986 – Rachel Korine, American actress
* 1986 – Aiden McGeady, Scottish–Irish footballer
* 1987 – Devon Anderson, English actor
* 1987 – Sami Khedira, German footballer
* 1988 – Nadine Kessler, German footballer
* 1991 – Jamie Lynn Spears, American singer and actress
* 1992 – Alexa Nikolas, American actress
* 1992 – Lucy Mae Barker, English actress and singer
* 1992 – Christina Metaxa, Cypriot singer-songwriter
* 1996 – Austin Mahone, American singer
* 1999 – Miki Nishino, Japanese singer, dancer and actress (AKB48)
* 2012 – Grumpy Cat, famous American cat and internet celebrity (d. 2019)

## Deaths

### Up to 1900

* 397 – Saint Ambrose of Milan (b. 338)
* 636 – Isidore of Seville, Spanish archbishop and saint (b. 560)
* 896 – Pope Formosus
* 968 – Abu Firas al-Hamdani, Arab prince, general and poet (b. 932)
* 1284 – Alfonso X of Castile (b. 1221)
* 1292 – Pope Nicholas IV (b. 1227)
* 1305 – Jeanne of Navarre, Queen of France (b. 1273)
* 1406 – King Robert III of Scotland (b. 1337)
* 1459 – Eric of Pomerania, King of Denmark (b. 1382)
* 1536 – Frederick I, Margrave of Brandenburg-Ansbach (b. 1460)
* 1588 – King Frederick II of Denmark (b. 1534)
* 1617 – John Napier, Scottish mathematician (b. 1550)
* 1761 – Theodore Gardell, Swiss painter and enameler (b. 1722)
* 1774 – Oliver Goldsmith, Irish writer (b. 1728)
* 1807 – Joseph Jerome Lefrancais de Lalande, French astronomer (b. 1732)
* 1817 – Andre Massena, Marshal of France (b. 1758)
* 1841 – William Henry Harrison, 9th President of the United States (b. 1773)
* 1846 – Solomon Sibley, United States Senator (b. 1769)
* 1861 – John McLean, 6th United States Postmaster General (b. 1785)
* 1863 – Ludwig Emil Grimm, German painter and engraver (b. 1790)
* 1870 – Heinrich Gustav Magnus, German chemist and physicist (b. 1802)
* 1874 – Charles Ernest Beulé, French archaeologist and politician (b. 1826)
* 1875 – Karl Mauch, German explorer (b. 1837)
* 1879 – Heinrich Wilhelm Dove, German physicist (b. 1803)
* 1883 – Peter Cooper, American businessman and philanthropist (b. 1791)
* 1890 – Pierre-Joseph-Olivier Chauveau, 1st Premier of Quebec (b. 1820)
* 1890 – Edmond Hébert, French geologist (b. 1812)

### 1901 – 2000

* 1912 – Charles Brantley Aycock, 50th Governor of North Carolina (b. 1859)
* 1919 – Francisco Marto, Portuguese saint (b. 1908)
* 1923 – John Venn, English mathematician and philosopher (b. 1834)
* 1929 – Karl Benz, German automobile designer and inventor (b. 1844)
* 1931 – André Michelin, French industrialist (b. 1853)
* 1932 – Wilhelm Ostwald, German chemist (b. 1853)
* 1933 – Elizabeth Bacon Custer, American writer (b. 1842)
* 1939 – King Ghazi of Iraq (b. 1912)
* 1951 – George Albert Smith, American Mormon leader (b. 1870)
* 1953 – King Carol II of Romania (b. 1893)
* 1961 – Simeon Stoilow, Romanian mathematician (b. 1873)
* 1962 – James Hanratty, British murderer (b. 1936)
* 1967 – Al Lewis, American songwriter (b. 1901)
* 1967 – Héctor Scarone, Uruguayan footballer (b. 1898)
* 1968 – Martin Luther King, Jr., American civil rights activist (b. 1929)
* 1972 – Adam Clayton Powell, Jr., American politician (b. 1908)
* 1976 – Harry Nyquist, Swedish contributor to Information Theory (b. 1889)
* 1979 – Zulfiqar Ali Bhutto, Pakistani politician (b. 1928)
* 1983 – Gloria Swanson, American actress (b. 1899)
* 1984 – Oleg Antonov, Russian airplane designer (b. 1906)
* 1991 – Edmund Adamkiewicz, German footballer (b. 1920)
* 1991 – H. John Heinz III, US Senator (b. 1938)
* 1991 – Max Frisch, Swiss writer (b. 1911)
* 1993 – Alfred Mosher-Butts, American inventor of Scrabble (b. 1899)
* 1995 – Kenny Everett, British entertainer (b. 1944)
* 1995 – Priscilla Lane, American singer and actress (b. 1915)
* 1996 – Barney Ewell, American runner (b. 1918)
* 1999 – Faith Domergue, American actor (b. 1924)

### From 2001

* 2003 – Anthony Caruso, American actor (b. 1916)
* 2004 – Alberic Schotte, Belgian cyclist (b. 1919)
* 2007 – Bob Clark, American director (b. 1941)
* 2007 – Karen Sparck Jones, British computer scientist (b. 1935)
* 2009 – Gonzalo Olave, Chilean actor (b. 1983)
* 2012 – Claude Miller, French movie director (b. 1942)
* 2013 – Roger Ebert, American movie critic and writer (b. 1942)
* 2013 – Carmine Infantino, American illustrator (b. 1925)
* 2014 – Margo MacDonald, Scottish politician, member of the Scottish Parliament (b. 1943)
* 2014 – Kumba Iala, President of Guinea-Bissau (b. 1953)
* 2014 – Anja Niedringhaus, German journalist (b. 1965)
* 2014 – José Aguilar, Cuban boxer (b. 1958)
* 2015 – Elmer Lach, Canadian ice hockey player (b. 1918)
* 2015 – Jamaluddin Jarjis, Malaysian politician (b. 1951)
* 2015 – Klaus Rifbjerg, Danish writer (b. 1931)
* 2015 – Donald N. Levine, American sociologist (b. 1931)
* 2015 – Ira Lewis, American actor and playwright (b. 1932)
* 2016 – Chus Lampreave, Spanish actress (b. 1930)
* 2016 – Getatchew Mekurya, Ethiopian jazz saxophonist (b. 1935)
* 2016 – Royston Nash, English conductor (b. 1933)
* 2016 – George Radosevich, American football player (b. 1928)
* 2016 – Mike Sandlock, American baseball player (b. 1915)
* 2016 – Abe Segal, South African tennis player (b. 1930)
* 2017 – Samir Farid, Egyptian film critic and historian (b. 1943)
* 2017 – Giovanni Sartori, Italian political scientist and journalist (b. 1924)
* 2018 – Andres Ammas, Estonian politician (b. 1956)
* 2018 – Soon-Tek Oh, South Korean–American actor (b. 1932)
* 2018 – Johnny Valiant, American professional wrestler (b. 1946)
* 2018 – Ray Wilkins, English footballer and manager (b. 1956)
* 2018 – Leonid Sokov, Russian artist and sculptor (b. 1941)
* 2019 – Alberto Cortez, Argentine singer and songwriter (b. 1940)
* 2019 – Georgiy Daneliya, Russian film director and screenwriter (b. 1930)
* 2019 – Barry Malkin, American film editor (b. 1938)
* 2019 – Marilyn Mason, American concert organist and academic (b. 1925)

## Holidays and Observances

* Independence Day in Senegal
* International Day for Landmine Awareness and Assistance
* Peace Day (Angola)
* Children's Day (Republic of China and Hong Kong)