Rikunarita-ORG/Wikinium huggingface dataset:
# Rugby World Cup

The Webb Ellis Cup is given to the Rugby World Cup winner.
The **Rugby World Cup** is the most important tournament in the sport of rugby union. The first one was in 1987. The cup happens every four years. The competition is one of the biggest sporting events in the world (along with the FIFA World Cup and the Olympics).

There are only 20 spots available in a Rugby World Cup, so teams must compete for them in a qualifying competition. Teams that reached the knockout stages of the previous tournament automatically qualify for the next tournament.

The 2019 competition was held in Japan, with South Africa winning.

The current 2024 champions are South Africa.

## Results by nation

| Team | Champions | Runners-up | Third place | Fourth place | Top 2 | Top 4 |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
|  South Africa | **4** (1995, 2007, 2019, 2024) | — | **2**(1999, 2015) | — | 2 | 4 |
|  New Zealand | **3** (1987, 2011, 2015) | **1** (1995) | **2** (1991, 2003) | **1** (1999) | 4 | 7 |
|  Australia | **2** (1991, 1999) | **2** (2003, 2015) | **1** (2011) | **1** (1987) | 4 | 6 |
|  England | **1** (2003) | **2**(1991, 2007) | — | **1**(1995) | 3 | 4 |
|  France | — | **3**(1987, 1999, 2011) | **1**(1995) | **2**(2003, 2007) | 3 | 6 |
|  Argentina | — | — | **1**(2007) | **1**(2015) | 0 | 2 |
| Wales | — | — | 1(1987) | — | 0 | 1 |
|  Scotland | — | — | — | **1**(1991) | 0 | 1 |

## Other websites

* Rugby World Cup – official site
* World Rugby
# European Weightlifting Championships

**European Weightlifting Championships** is an annual event organised by the European Weightlifting Federation (EWF). It has been held since 1896. A separate event for women was held from 1988 to 1997, after which both championships have been held as one event.

## Other websites

* European Weitlifting Federation Archived 2020-06-01 at the Wayback Machine
* International Weightlifting Federation (IWF)
* European Championships From 1907 to Today @ Lift Up: Search
* Database Weightlifting
* IWRP
# European Canoe Marathon Championships

The **Canoe Marathon European Championships** is an international canoe marathon event organised by the European Canoe Association. The first edition took place in 1995 and subsequent stagings were held every two years until 2013, after which it became an annual competition.

## Other websites

* European Canoe Association
# Motor sports

**Motor sports** are sports where the people taking part use a motor vehicle. The usual vehicles are a car, motorcycle or motorboat. Some motor sports use aircraft or snowmobiles.

Motor sports can be based either on speed (the first one to reach the finish line wins) or on skill (the one with the least amount of penalty points wins). Speed-based motor sports are called racing. Motor sports based on skill are often called *trials*.

Well known motor sports are rally, Formula 1 and Nascar.
# Coldwater, Michigan

**Coldwater** is a city in Coldwater Township, Branch County, Michigan, United States. As of the 2020 census, the city population was 13,822. It is the county seat of Branch County.
# Alexandre de Beauharnais

| General Alexandre Viscount of Beauharnais |
| --- |
| Alexandre de Beauharnais by Georges Rouget |
| Personal details |
| Born | Alexandre François Marie 28 May 1760 Fort-Royal, Martinique, French colonial empire |
| Died | 23 July 1794 (aged 34) Paris, French First Republic |
| Resting place | Picpus Cemetery, Paris, France |
| Spouse(s) | Joséphine de Beauharnais |
| Children | Eugène de Beauharnais
Hortense de Beauharnais |
| Military service |
| Allegiance |  Kingdom of France  Kingdom of France  First French Republic |
| Branch/service | Infantry |
| Years of service | 1775–1794 |
| Rank | Divisional general |
| Unit |  French Royal Army  French Revolutionary Army |
| Commands | Army of the Rhine |
| Battles/wars | * American Revolutionary War
* French Revolutionary Wars
	+ War of the First Coalition
		- Siege of Mainz (1793)
 |

**Alexandre François Marie, Viscount of Beauharnais** (28 May 1760 — 23 July 1794) was a French politician and general during the French Revolution. He was the first husband of Joséphine de Beauharnais, who later became Empress of the French through her marriage to Napoleon.

## Early Life

Beauharnais was born in Fort-Royal (now Fort-de-France), Martinique. He was the son of a governor, François de Beauharnais, Marquess de la La Ferté-Beauharnais, and his wife Marie Anne Henriette Françoise Pyvart de Chastullé. Beauharnais’ parents decided that it would be a good idea to arrange him to marry someone. And so he did on 13 December 1779, in Paris to the 16 year old Joséphine Tascher de la Pagerie. There marriage was not happy as Beauharnais said he was only marrying *because his father forced him to do so.* They had 2 children together, Eugène and Hortense.

## Career

Beauharnais fought in Louis XVI’s army during the American Revolutionary War. He represented the French nobility in the Estates-General and was president of the National Constituent Assembly from June 19, 1791 to July 3, 1791 and again from 31 July to 14 August 1791. He was then made a general in 1792, during the French Revolutionary Wars. In 1793, he refused to become Minister of War. Later the same year, he was named General-in-Chief of the Army of the Rhine.

## Death

On 2 March 1794, the Committee of General Safety ordered his arrest, accusing him of poorly defending Mainz during the siege of 1793, and because he was a part of the nobility. He was jailed at Carmes Prison and was sentenced to death during the Reign of Terror. His wife, Joséphine was arrested in the same prison on 21 April 1794. Joséphine survived, but Beauharnais was guillotined, together with his cousin Augustin, on the Place de la Révolution, only a week before the trial and execution of Maximilien Robespierre.
# Claude Antoine, comte Prieur-Duvernois

Portrait of Claude-Antoine Prieur-Duvernois
**Claude Antoine, comte Prieur-Duvernois** (1763–1832), commonly known as **Prieur de la Côte-d'Or** after his native département, was a French engineer and a politician during and after the French Revolution.
# 12th century

The **12th century** was the century from 1101 to 1200.

## Decades and years

Note: years before or after the 12th century are in *italics*.

|  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| **1100s** | *1100* | 1101 | 1102 | 1103 | 1104 | 1105 | 1106 | 1107 | 1108 | 1109 |
| **1110s** | 1110 | 1111 | 1112 | 1113 | 1114 | 1115 | 1116 | 1117 | 1118 | 1119 |
| **1120s** | 1120 | 1121 | 1122 | 1123 | 1124 | 1125 | 1126 | 1127 | 1128 | 1129 |
| **1130s** | 1130 | 1131 | 1132 | 1133 | 1134 | 1135 | 1136 | 1137 | 1138 | 1139 |
| **1140s** | 1140 | 1141 | 1142 | 1143 | 1144 | 1145 | 1146 | 1147 | 1148 | 1149 |
| **1150s** | 1150 | 1151 | 1152 | 1153 | 1154 | 1155 | 1156 | 1157 | 1158 | 1159 |
| **1160s** | 1160 | 1161 | 1162 | 1163 | 1164 | 1165 | 1166 | 1167 | 1168 | 1169 |
| **1170s** | 1170 | 1171 | 1172 | 1173 | 1174 | 1175 | 1176 | 1177 | 1178 | 1179 |
| **1180s** | 1180 | 1181 | 1182 | 1183 | 1184 | 1185 | 1186 | 1187 | 1188 | 1189 |
| **1190s** | 1190 | 1191 | 1192 | 1193 | 1194 | 1195 | 1196 | 1197 | 1198 | 1199 |
| **1200s** | 1200 | *1201* | *1202* | *1203* | *1204* | *1205* | *1206* | *1207* | *1208* | *1209* |

## Related pages

* Heian period
* Kamakura period
* Middle Ages
# Pendeli

**Pendeli** is a mountain in Greece. It lies just northeast of Athens. The monutain us also known as **Pentelikon**, which was also it's name un Ancient Greek. Pebdeli is known for its white marble which was also used to build the Acropolis in Athens.
# Twin town

**Twin towns** are towns or cities in different countries which are paired to encourage human contact and cultural links.

In Europe, the pairs of towns are called **twin towns**, but other languages say **friendship towns** or **partner towns**; in North America and Australasia, the towns are called **sister cities**. **Brother cities** was the name of twinned cities in the old Soviet bloc.

Twin towns often (but not always) have similar populations, industries and other characteristics. Sometimes, even larger areas enter into "twinning" agreements, such as that between the provinces of Hainan in China and Jeju in South Korea.

## Europe

The earliest form of town twinning in Europe was between the German city of Paderborn and the French city of Le Mans in 836, although this was not officially established as a modern town twinning arrangement until 1967.

Coventry, United Kingdom was the first ever city to "twin" with another city (Stalingrad, Soviet Union) and hence began the modern practice of twinning.

After the Second World War twinning was a way to bring European people into a closer understanding of each other and to promote cross-border projects and peace.

For example, Coventry twinned with Dresden as an act of peace and reconciliation, both cities having been heavily bombed during the war. Each twin city country is represented in a specific ward of the city and in each ward has a peace garden dedicated to that twin city.

Another early example of town twinning dates back to 1947 when Bristol Corporation (later Bristol City Council) sent five 'leading citizens' on a goodwill mission to Hanover.

Twinning is more popular in Europe than anywhere else, but the idea has now spread to other continents.

Since 1989, the European Union has had a support scheme for town twinning. In 2003 an annual budget of about 12 million euros was given to about 1,300 projects.

## North America

The first city in North America to establish a sister city relationship was Toledo, Ohio, United States, with Toledo, Spain in 1931. In 1944, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada twinned with the Ukrainian city of Odesa, which at the time was part of the Soviet Union. This was to show support and to help the allied port city during World War II.

## Images

* Sign denoting twin towns of Neckarsulm, Germany
* Saarbrücken, Germany is twinned with Tbilisi, Georgia
* Four twinning towns of Brzeg Dolny, Poland

## Other websites

* Town-twinning information from the European Commission
* Sister Cities International (cities twinned with cities in the USA)
* Germany and the town twinning movement
* List of UK twin towns Archived 2007-06-24 at the Wayback Machine
* Toledo Sister Cities International
* Two Toledos Documentary
* Town twinning in Europe's municipalities, towns and regions Archived 2006-12-22 at the Wayback Machine
# Euboea

Euboea (in red); the rest of Greece and Turkey (in green)
**Euboea** is an island of Greece. It is also one of the 51 prefectures of Greece. Euboea is the second largest island of Greece. Its total area is 3,655 km2. It is to the east of Boeotia and Attica prefectures. The island is surrounded by the Aegean Sea. The capital of Euboea and the biggest city on the island is Chalkida.
# Mikis Theodorakis

Mikis Theodorakis
**Michael** "**Mikis**" **Theodorakis** (Greek: Μιχαήλ (Μίκης) Θεοδωράκης [ˈmicis θeoðoˈɾacis]; 29 July 1925 – 2 September 2021) was a Greek songwriter and composer. He wrote over 1000 songs. He was born in Chios, Greece. His career began in 1943. He was known for composing the movie scores for *Zorba the Greek* (1964), *Z* (1969), and *Serpico* (1973). He is known as Greece's best-known composer. He was awarded the Lenin Peace Prize.

From 1981 until 1993, he was a member of the Hellenic Parliament as a Communist.

On February 26, 2019, Theodorakis was hospitalized due to heart problems. On March 8, 2019, Theodorakis had heart surgery to place a pacemaker.

Theodorakis died on September 2, 2021, at his home in Athens, Greece from cardiac arrest at the age of 96.
# Romanization of Greek

**Romanization of Greek** is a way to write the Greek language (either Ancient or Modern Greek) with the Roman alphabet. That can be done by mapping either letters (called transliteration) or sounds (called transcription. The Greek name Ἰωάννης can be transliterated as *Johannes*, which became John in Modern English. In Modern Greek, it is generally written Γιάννης, which transliterates to *Yannis*. The masculine Greek word Ἅγιος or Άγιος might variously appear as *Hagiοs*, *Agios*, *Aghios* or *Ayios*, or it might simply be translated as "Holy" or "Saint" in English forms of Greek placenames.

Traditional English renderings of Greek names originated from Roman systems that were established in antiquity. The Roman alphabet was a form of the Cumaean alphabet, which was itself developed from the Euboean script, which used Χ as /ks/, Η as /h/, and variant forms of Λ and Σ that later became L and S. When the Euboean script was used to write the classical Greek alphabet, ⟨κ⟩ was replaced with ⟨c⟩, ⟨αι⟩ and ⟨οι⟩ became ⟨æ⟩ and ⟨œ⟩, and ⟨ει⟩ and ⟨ου⟩ were simplified to ⟨i⟩ (more rarely, corresponding to an earlier pronunciation, to ⟨e⟩) and ⟨u⟩. Aspirated consonants like ⟨θ⟩, ⟨φ⟩, initial-⟨ρ⟩, and ⟨χ⟩ simply wrote out the sound: ⟨th⟩, ⟨ph⟩, ⟨rh⟩, and ⟨ch⟩. Because English orthography has changed so much from the original Greek, modern scholarly transliteration now usually renders ⟨κ⟩ as ⟨k⟩ and the diphthongs ⟨αι, οι, ει, ου⟩ as ⟨ai, oi, ei, ou⟩. Modern scholars also increasingly render ⟨χ⟩ as ⟨kh⟩. Greek sounds greatly changed, and Modern Greek sounds quite different from Ancient Greek. That also has had an influence on the terms used in English and other languages and had led to a number of different romanizations for names and placenames in the 19th and the 20th centuries. The Hellenic Organization for Standardization (ELOT) issued its system in co-operation with the International Organization for Standardization (ISO) in 1983. The system was adopted (with minor modifications) by the United Nations' Fifth Conference on the Standardization of Geographical Names at Montreal in 1987, by the United Kingdom's Permanent Committee on Geographical Names for British Official Use (PCGN) and by the United States' Board on Geographic Names (BGN) in 1996, and by the ISO itself in 1997. Romanization of names for official purposes, as with passports and identity cards, were required to use the ELOT system within Greece until 2011, when a legal decision permitted Greeks to use irregular forms (such as "Demetrios" for Δημήτριος) provided that official identification and documents also list the standard forms (as, for example, "Demetrios OR Dimitrios"). Other romanization systems are the BGN/PCGN's earlier 1962 system and the system employed by the American Library Association and the United States' Library of Congress.
# Corfu (city)

Corfu city
**Corfu city** is the capital of the Corfu Island and it is one of the most beautiful cities in the east Mediterranean. The town has an intense colour of the Italian renaissance, because in the past, Corfu was under the Venice rule. So, Corfu resembles a south Italian City. It is a very touristic city and many tourists are coming to Corfu from all the world, mainly from west Europe. The population of Corfu city is 35.851 inhabitants.

## Sights

Corfu has many sights, so it is very interesting for visitors. The city has old buildings with very beautiful architecture. There is the "mon repo" Palace where princess Sissy lived. Another place of interest is the islet pontikonisi.

## History

Corfu Town Hall
Corfu is believed that it in the past was the Homeric country of Faekes where Odysseus had arrived, before he reached Ithaki. In the ancient archaist period the Corintians had founded some colonies. In the Middle Ages Corfu belonged to Byzantine Empire and later belonged to Venice state. Corfu was united with Greece in 1864.
# Eleftherios Venizelos

| Elefthérios Venizélos |
| --- |
| Ελευθέριος Βενιζέλος |
|  |
|  |
| Prime Minister of Greece |
| **In office** 6 October 1910 – 25 February 1915 |
| Monarch | George I Constantine I |
| Preceded by | Stefanos Dragoumis |
| Succeeded by | Dimitrios Gounaris |
| **In office** 10 August 1915 – 24 September 1915 |
| Monarch | Constantine I |
| Preceded by | Dimitrios Gounaris |
| Succeeded by | Alexandros Zaimis |
| **In office** 14 June 1917 – 4 November 1920 |
| Monarch | Alexander |
| Preceded by | Alexandros Zaimis |
| Succeeded by | Dimitrios Rallis |
| **In office** 24 January 1924 – 19 February 1924 |
| Monarch | George II |
| Preceded by | Stylianos Gonatas |
| Succeeded by | Georgios Kafantaris |
| **In office** 4 July 1928 – 26 May 1932 |
| President | Pavlos Kountouriotis Alexandros Zaimis |
| Preceded by | Alexandros Zaimis |
| Succeeded by | Alexandros Papanastasiou |
| **In office** 5 June 1932 – 4 November 1932 |
| President | Alexandros Zaimis |
| Preceded by | Alexandros Papanastasiou |
| Succeeded by | Panagis Tsaldaris |
| **In office** 16 January 1933 – 6 March 1933 |
| President | Alexandros Zaimis |
| Preceded by | Panagis Tsaldaris |
| Succeeded by | Alexandros Othonaios |
| Prime Minister of the Cretan State |
| **In office** 2 May 1910 – 6 October 1910 |
| Preceded by | Alexandros Zaimis (as High Commissioner) |
| Minister of Justice and Minister of Foreign Affairs of the Cretan State |
| **In office** 1908–1910 |
| Minister of Justice of the Cretan State |
| **In office** 17 April 1899 – 18 March 1901 |
|  |
| Personal details |
| Born | (1864-08-23)23 August 1864 Mournies, Crete, Ottoman Empire (now Eleftherios Venizelos, Crete, Greece) |
| Died | 18 March 1936(1936-03-18) (aged 71) Paris, France |
| Nationality | Greek |
| Political party | Liberal Party |
| Spouse(s) | Maria Katelouzou (1891-1894) Elena Skylitsi (1921-1936) |
| Relations | Constantine Mitsotakis (nephew) |
| Children | Kyriakos Venizelos Sophoklis Venizelos |
| Alma mater | National and Kapodistrian University of Athens |
| Profession | Politician Revolutionary Legislator Lawyer Jurist Journalist Translator |
| Signature |  |
| Website | National Foundation Research "Eleftherios K. Venizelos" |

**Eleftherios Venizelos** (full name *Elefthérios Kyriákou Venizélos*, Greek: Ἐλευθέριος Κυριάκου Βενιζέλος; 23 August 1864 – 18 March 1936) was a Greek politician. He was the Prime Minister of Greece from 1910 to 1920 and again from 1928 to 1932.

## Other websites

 Media related to Eleftherios Venizelos at Wikimedia Commons
# Illyria

Illyrian tribes (pre-Roman conquest).
**Illyria** (Ancient Greek: Ἰλλυρία, Illyría or Ἰλλυρίς, Illyrís) was an ancient region in the western part of today's Balkan Peninsula in modern-day Epirus, Greece. The people who lived there were called Illyrians and spoke the Illyrian languages.

The Illyrians settled in the Balkans approximately around 2500 BC along with other Indo Europeans.

The Illyrians became heavily romanised and a portion of them evolved into modern Albanians.

## Gallery

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*
*
*
*

## Other websites

* Illyria region in google map
# Roman Syria

| Provincia Syria ἐπαρχία Συρίας |
| --- |
| Province of the Roman Empire |
| 64 BC–198 AD |
|  Roman Syria highlighted in 125 AD |
| Capital | Antioch (modern-day Antakya, Hatay, Turkey) |
| History |  |
|  |
| History |   |
|  |
| • Conquest of Coele-Syria by Pompey  | 64 BC |
| • Province divided into Coele Syria and Phoenice  | 198 AD |
|  |
|  |
|  |
|

|  |  |
| --- | --- |
| **Preceded by** | **Succeeded by** |
|

|  |  |
| --- | --- |
|  | Seleucis of Syria |
|  | Coele-Syria |
|  | Herodian Tetrarchy  **∟**Iturea  **∟**Trachonitis |

 |

|  |  |
| --- | --- |
| Coele Syria (Roman province) |  |
| Phoenice (Roman province) |  |

 |

 |
| Today part of | * Syria
* Lebanon
* Turkey
 |

**Roman Syria** (Latin: *Provincia Syria*; Greek: *ἐπαρχία Συρίας*) was a province of the Roman Republic, and later, the Roman Empire. The Romans gained it in the Third Mithridatic War in 64 BC, and the province got divided by the late 2nd century AD into Coele Syria and Syria Phoenice. The province was mostly in modern-day Syria and Lebanon, but also had territory in Turkey.
# Authorized King James Version

The title page to the 1611 first *Authorized King James Version* of the Bible, painted by Cornelius Boel.
The **Authorized King James Version** is a translation of the Christian Bible into English. It is also called the *Authorized Version* (*AV*) or the *King James Version* (*KJV*) in the United States.

The name comes from King James I of England. He brought together the Hampton Court Conference of the Church of England and told its members to begin working on the version in 1604. Its first book was published in 1611.

Although it is one of the oldest English translations of the Bible, it is still one of the most widely-read versions. A 2014 survey in the United States found that 55% of those who read the Bible used the King James Version. The next most widely-read version was the New International Version, at 19%, and other versions were used by less than 10%.

## Source

## Other websites

* "The King James Dictionary". Online Searchable King James Dictionary
* King James Version Archived 2017-12-07 at the Wayback Machine -Gutenberg Project
# Book of Ezra

The **Book of Ezra** is a book of the Bible in the Old Testament and Hebrew Tanakh. It details the return of the Jewish people from their exile in Babylon in the second half of the sixth century BC and the struggles they had. These include having to rebuild their previously destroyed temple and people failing to obey Jewish religious commandments.

## Ezra and Nehemiah

The words that start Nehemiah 1:1, "The words of Nehemiah son of Hacaliah", shows that Ezra and Nehemiah were at first two different works. However, they were put together as one in the earliest Hebrew manuscripts. Josephus and the Jewish Talmud talk about the book of Ezra but not a different book of Nehemiah. The oldest manuscripts of the Septuagint also treat Ezra and Nehemiah as one book.

Origen (A.D. 185–253) is the first writer to treat the books as different works. He called them I Ezra and II Ezra. In translating the Latin Vulgate, Jerome called Nehemiah the second book of Esdrae (Ezra). The English translations by Wycliffe (1382) and Coverdale (1535) also called Ezra "I Esdras" and Nehemiah "II Esdras". The same separation first came out in a Hebrew manuscript in 1448.
# First Epistle of John

The **First Epistle of John** is the sixty-second book in the Christian Bible, and the twenty-third in the New Testament.

This book is believed to a letter from John.

There is some disagreement over whether the John who wrote the letters of John, the John who wrote The Gospel of John, and the John who wrote the Book of Revelation are the same person.

This letter was probably written in Ephesus in AD 95–110. It was written to show that Jesus really came "in the flesh", and not only as a spirit, as some false teachers were saying. John says they are "anti-Christ", meaning against Christ. This false teaching is known as docetism. It says that Jesus only seemed to be a human person with a real body. John's letter says that Christians can tell if teachers are true. True teachers will say that say that Jesus came in the flesh. True teachers are also known by their ethics, and by their love.

John wrote the letter so that the joy of his readers would "be full" (Chapter 1, verse 4).
Also he says that as true Christians they would "not practice sin" (keep sinning) (Chapter 2, verse 1); that "we should love one another" (Chapter 3, verse 11); and that "you who believe in the name of the Son of God... may know that you have eternal life." (Chapter 5, verse 13). So we see that the aim of the letter was to make the Christians more full of joy, and also to help readers to know if they are really saved.

## Other websites

* I John (NIV)
* I John (KJV)