# October 9

**October 9** is the 282nd day of the year (283rd in leap years) in the Gregorian calendar. There are 83 days remaining until the end of the year.

## Events

### Up to 1800

* 768 – Carloman and Charlemagne are crowned Kings of the Franks.
* 1000 – Leif Ericson discovers Vinland, becoming the first known European to set foot in North America.
* 1238 – James I of Aragon conquers Valencia and founded the Kingdom of Valencia.
* 1264 – The Kingdom of Castile conquers the city of Jerez, under Islamic control since 711.
* 1446 – The Hangul alphabet is published in Korea.
* 1514 – Marriage of Louis XII of France and Mary Tudor
* 1582 – Due to the implementation of the Gregorian calendar this day does not exist in this year in Italy, Poland, Portugal and Spain.
* 1604 – Supernova 1604 is observed; It is the last supernova to-date to be observed in the Milky Way.
* 1635 – Founder of Rhode Island Roger Williams is banished from Massachusetts Bay Colony as a religious dissident after he spoke out against punishments for religious offenses and giving away Native American land.
* 1701 – The Collegiate School of Connecticut (later renamed Yale University) is chartered in Old Saybrook, Connecticut.
* 1708 – Peter the Great defeats the Swedes at the Battle of Lesnaya.
* 1740 – Dutch colonists and others begin massacring Chinese people at Batavia (now Jakarta), eventually killing 10,000 people and leading to war.
* 1760 – Seven Years' War: Russian forces occupy Berlin.
* 1767 – Surveying of the Mason-Dixon line between Pennsylvania and Maryland is completed, unofficially marking the boundary between Northern and Southern US States.
* 1771 – The Dutch merchant ship *Vrouw Maria* sinks near the coast of Finland.
* 1776 – Father Francisco Palou founds Mission San Francisco de Asis in what is now San Francisco, California.
* 1788 – The first bridge in Australia is built over the Tank Stream in Sydney.
* 1799 – Sinking of the ship HMS *Lutine*, killing 240 people.

### 1801 – 1900

* 1803 – Flooding on the Portuguese island of Madeira kills 600 people.
* 1804 – Hobart, Tasmania is founded.
* 1806 – Prussia declares war on France.
* 1812 – War of 1812: In a naval engagement on Lake Erie, American forces capture two British ships; the HMS *Detroit* and the HMS *Caledonia*.
* 1820 – Guayaquil declares independence from Spain.
* 1824 – Costa Rica gets rid of slavery.
* 1829 – A climbing expedition led by Friedrich Parrot reaches the summit of Mount Ararat, the highest mountain in Turkey.
* 1831 – Capo d'Istria is assassinated.
* 1834 – Opening of the Dublin to Kingstown railway, the first public railway in Ireland.
* 1854 – Start of the Siege of Sevastopol in the Crimean War.
* 1861 – American Civil War: Battle of Santa Rita Island.
* 1864 – American Civil War: Battle of Tom's Brook – Union cavalrymen in the Shenandoah Valley defeat Confederate forces at Tom's Brook, Virginia.
* 1871 – The Great Chicago Fire is brought under control.
* 1874 – General Postal Union was created as a result of the Treaty of Berne.
* 1888 – The Washington Monument officially opens to the general public.
* 1900 – The Cook Islands become a territory of the United Kingdom.

### 1901 – 1950

* 1911 – An accidental bomb explosion in Hankou, Wuhan, China, leads to the ultimate fall of the Qing Dynasty.
* 1913 – Steamship SS *Volturna* catches fire in the Mid–Atlantic Ocean, killing 136 people. Over 300 lives are saved.
* 1914 – World War I: Siege of Antwerp – Antwerp, Belgium falls to German troops.
* 1919 – Black Sox scandal: The Cincinnati Reds "win" the World Series.
* 1934 – In Marseille, King Alexander I of Yugoslavia and then-foreign minister of France Louis Barthou are assassinated.
* 1936 – Generators at Boulder Dam (later renamed to Hoover Dam) begin to transmit electricity from the Colorado River 266 miles to Los Angeles, California.
* 1940 – World War II: Battle of Britain – During a nighttime air raid by the German Luftwaffe, St. Paul's Cathedral is pierced by a bomb.
* 1941 – A coup in Panama declares Ricardo Adolfo de la Guardia to be the country's President.
* 1942 – Statute of Westminster Adoption Act formalizes Australian autonomy.
* 1944 – World War II: British Prime Minister Winston Churchill and Soviet Union Premier Joseph Stalin begin a nine-day conference in Moscow to discuss the future of Europe.

### 1951 – 2000

* 1957 – Neil H. McElroy was sworn in as the 6th Secretary of Defense of United States.
* 1959 – The Conservatives under Harold Macmillan win the United Kingdom general election.
* 1962 – Uganda becomes a republic.
* 1963 – In northeast Italy, over 2,000 people are killed when a large landslide behind the Vajont Dam causes a giant wave of water to overtop it.
* 1967 – A day after being caught, Che Guevara is executed for attempting to incite a revolution in Bolivia.
* 1969 – In Chicago, Illinois, the United States National Guard is called in for crowd control as demonstrations continue in connection to the trial of the "Chicago Eight" (trial started on September 24).
* 1969 – Students from the University of the Philippines formed the first Upsilonian Congress and established the Upsiloan Alpha Beta Grand Fraternity in Diliman, Quezon City, Philippines.
* 1970 – The Khmer Republic is proclaimed in Cambodia.
* 1980 – Pope John Paul II shakes hands with Tenzin Gyatso, 14th Dalai Lama in a private audience in Vatican City.
* 1981 – End of capital punishment in France.
* 1983 – Attempted killing of President of South Korea Chun Doo-hwan. He survives, though 17 people are killed.
* 1986 – United States District Court Judge Harry E. Claiborne becomes the fifth federal official to be removed from office through impeachment.
* 1989 – An official news agency in the Soviet Union reports the landing of a UFO in Voronezh.
* 1989 – In Leipzig, East Germany, 70,000 protesters demand the legalization of opposition groups and democratic reforms.
* 1991 – Ecuador becomes a member of the Berne Convention copyright treaty.
* 1992 – A 13 kilogram (est.) meteorite lands in the driveway of the Knapp residence in Peekskill, New York, destroying the family's 1980 Chevrolet Malibu.
* 1995 – An Amtrak Sunset Limited train is derailed by saboteurs near Palo Verde, Arizona.

### From 2001

* 2002 – After losing a massive amount of ground during the summer of 2002, the Dow Jones Industrial Average closes at 7,286.27, its lowest level in five years. The NASDAQ also hit a six-year low of 1,114.11.
* 2004 – The new Scottish Parliament building in Edinburgh is officially opened.
* 2004 – Jo Brauner resigns as the anchor of German Tagesschau news show after 30 years.
* 2004 – Democratic elections held for the first time in Afghanistan.
* 2004 – The tri-annual federal election is held in Australia and Liberal Party of Australia leader, John Howard, wins a fourth term as Prime Minister in a landslide victory over opponent, Mark Latham of the Australian Labor Party.
* 2005 – China's State Bureau of Surveying and Mapping officially announced the new accurate height of Mount Everest is 8848.43 m.
* 2005 – 16– and 17-year-olds are allowed to vote in the state election in Burgenland, Austria.
* 2006 – North Korea carries out its first-reported bomb test.
* 2007 – Yoko Ono opens the John Lennon Imagine Peace tower on the island of Videy near Reykjavik, Iceland.
* 2009 – First Lunar impact of the Centaur & LCROSS spacecrafts, as part of NASA's Precursor Robotic Programme.
* 2009 – Barack Obama wins the Nobel Peace Prize.
* 2011 – Sebastian Vettel wins his second Formula One World title, as the youngest driver to win two Formula One World Championships in-a-row.
* 2012 – Members of the Pakistan Taliban attempt to kill education activist Malala Yousafzai, by shooting her in the head. She survives the attack after receiving medical treatment.
* 2014 – UKIP wins its first parliamentary seat in a UK by-election in Clacton-on-Sea in Essex, through defected Conservative MP Douglas Carswell.
* 2017 – Iceland becomes the least-populated country to qualify for a FIFA World Cup, defeating Kosovo 2–0 in Reykjavik.

## Births

### Up to 1900

* 1201 – Robert de Sorbonne, French theologian (d. 1274)
* 1261 – King Denis of Portugal (d. 1325)
* 1328 – King Peter I of Cyprus (d. 1369)
* 1581 – Claude Gaspard Bachet de Meziriac, French mathematician, poet and scholar (d. 1638)
* 1585 – Heinrich Schütz, German composer (d. 1672)
* 1586 – Archduke Leopold of Austria (d. 1632)
* 1704 – Johann Andreas Segner, German physician, physicist and mathematician (d. 1777)
* 1757 – King Charles X of France (d. 1836)
* 1782 – Lewis Cass, American politician (d. 1866)
* 1788 – Jozsef Kossics, Slovenian writer (d. 1867)
* 1796 – Joseph Bonomi the Younger, English Egyptologist (d. 1878)
* 1833 – Eugen Langen, German entrepreneur, engineer and inventor (d. 1895)
* 1835 – Camille Saint-Saëns, French composer (d. 1921)
* 1840 – Simeon Solomon, British artist (d. 1905)
* 1846 – Julius Maggi, Swiss businessman (Maggi condiment) (d. 1912)
* 1848 – Caroline Alice Elgar, English author (d. 1920)
* 1852 – Hermann Emil Fischer, German chemist (d. 1919)
* 1854 – Myron T. Herrick, Governor of Ohio (d. 1929)
* 1858 – Mihaijlo Idvorski Pupin, Serbian-American physicist (d. 1935)
* 1859 – Alfred Dreyfus, French military officer (d. 1935)
* 1863 – Alexander Siloti, Ukrainian pianist, composer and conductor (d. 1945)
* 1873 – Karl Schwarzschild, German physicist and astronomer (d. 1946)
* 1874 – Nicholas Roerich, Russian polymath (d. 1947)
* 1879 – Max von Laue, German physicist (d. 1960)
* 1880 – Charlie Faust, American baseball player (d. 1915)
* 1881 – Victor Klemperer, German writer (d. 1960)
* 1886 – Rube Marquard, American baseball player and manager (d. 1980)
* 1888 – Nikolai Bukharin, Russian politician (d. 1938)
* 1888 – Irving Cummings, American actor and director (d. 1959)
* 1892 – Ivo Andric, Yugoslavian writer (d. 1975)
* 1892 – Marina Tsvetaeva, Russian poet (d. 1941)
* 1893 – Mario de Andrade, Brazilian writer (d. 1945)
* 1897 – M. V. Bhaktavatsalam, Indian politician (d. 1987)
* 1900 – Alastair Sim, Scottish actor (d. 1976)
* 1900 – Joseph Friedman, American inventor (d. 1982)

### 1901 – 1950

* 1903 – Walter O'Malley, American sports executive (d. 1979)
* 1906 – Léopold Sédar Senghor, Senegalese poet and politician (d. 2001)
* 1906 – Sayyid Qutb, Egyptian journalist and Islamist thinker (d. 1966)
* 1907 – Jacques Tati, French director and producer (d. 1982)
* 1907 – Quintin Hogg, Baron Halisham of St Marylebone, English politician (d. 2001)
* 1908 – Werner Haeften, German officer and Resistance activist (d. 1944)
* 1909 – Donald Coggan, Archbishop of Canterbury (d. 2000)
* 1909 – V. Nalliah, Sri Lankan Tamil politician
* 1911 – Joe Rosenthal, American photographer (d. 2006)
* 1915 – Clifford M. Hardin, American politician (d. 2010)
* 1918 – E. Howard Hunt, American spy (d. 2007)
* 1918 – Lila Kedrova, Russian actress (d. 2000)
* 1920 – Jason Wingreen, American actor (d. 2015)
* 1920 – Yusef Lateef, American musician and composer (d. 2013)
* 1921 – Tadeusz Rozewicz, Polish poet and playwright (d. 2014)
* 1922 – Fyvush Finkel, American actor (d. 2016)
* 1923 – Donald Sinden, English actor (d. 2014)
* 1925 – Robert Docking, American politician, 38th Governor of Kansas (d. 1983)
* 1926 – Danièle Delorme, French actress and producer (d. 2015)
* 1928 – Einojuhani Rautavaara, Finnish composer (d. 2016)
* 1929 – William M. Gray, American scientist (d. 2016)
* 1931 – Antony Booth, British actor (d. 2017)
* 1933 – Peter Mansfield, British physicist (d. 2017)
* 1934 – Abdullah Ibrahim, South African pianist and composer
* 1935 – Prince Edward, Duke of Kent
* 1936 – Edmond Keosayan, Armenian–Soviet musician and movie director (d. 1994)
* 1936 – Brian Blessed, British actor
* 1938 – Heinz Fischer, Austrian politician, former President of Austria
* 1939 – Nicholas Grimshaw, English architect
* 1940 – John Lennon, English musician and songwriter (The Beatles) (d. December 8, 1980)
* 1940 – Gordon J. Humphrey, American politician
* 1941 – Chucho Valdés, Cuban pianist and composer
* 1941 – Giancarlo Bercellino, Italian footballer
* 1942 – Shukri Ghanem, Prime Minister of Libya (d. 2012)
* 1943 – Renato Cappellini, Italian footballer
* 1944 – John Entwistle, British musician (d. 2002)
* 1944 – Nona Hendryx, American singer-songwriter, producer and actress
* 1944 – Francis Girod, French movie director (d. 2006)
* 1946 – Fernando Brant, Brazilian poet and journalist (d. 2015)
* 1947 – France Gall, French singer (d. 2018)
* 1947 – Joe Wark, Scottish footballer (d. 2015)
* 1947 – Bob Moose, American baseball player (d. 1976)
* 1948 – Paul LePage, American politician, Governor of Maine
* 1948 – Jackson Browne, American musician
* 1949 – Bob Leinbach, American singer-songwriter and musician (Orleans)
* 1949 – Rod Temperton, English songwriter and producer (d. 2016)
* 1950 – Reichi Nakaido, Japanese rock music guitarist
* 1950 – Jody Williams, American teacher and aid worker, Nobel Peace Prize winner

### 1951 – 1975

* 1952 – Sharon Osbourne, wife of Ozzy Osbourne
* 1952 – Dennis Stratton, English guitarist (Iron Maiden)
* 1953 – Tony Shalhoub, American actor
* 1954 – Scott Bakula, American actor
* 1954 – James Fearnley, British musician (The Pogues)
* 1955 – Steve Ovett, British athlete
* 1958 – Alan Nunnelee, American politician (d. 2015)
* 1959 – Boris Nemtsov, Russian politician (d. 2015)
* 1960 – Kenny Garrett, American jazz saxophonist
* 1961 – Ellen Wheeler, American actress, director and producer
* 1962 – Hugh Robertson, English politician
* 1962 – Onokuni Yasushi, Japanese sumo wrestler
* 1962 – Jorge Burruchaga, Argentine footballer
* 1964 – Guillermo del Toro, Mexican movie director
* 1964 – John Ralston, Canadian actor
* 1966 – David Cameron, former Prime Minister of the United Kingdom
* 1967 – Eddie Guerrero, American professional wrestler (d. 2005)
* 1967 – Artur Davis, American politician
* 1968 – Troy Davis, American high-profile death row inmate (d. 2011)
* 1969 – PJ Harvey, English musician
* 1969 – Steve McQueen, English artist and director (12 Years a Slave)
* 1970 – Steve Jablonsky, American movie and television composer
* 1970 – Annika Sörenstam, Swedish golfer
* 1970 – Kenny Anderson, American baseball player
* 1971 – Jason Jones, American director, producer and actor
* 1973 – Erin Daniels, American actress
* 1973 – Fabio Lione, Italian singer-songwriter and keyboardist
* 1973 – Carlos Pavon, Honduran footballer
* 1974 – Shmuel Herzfeld, American rabbi and activist
* 1975 – Sean Lennon, American musician, son of John Lennon and Yoko Ono
* 1975 – Mark Viduka, Australian footballer

### From 1976

* 1976 – Nick Swardson, American actor and comedian
* 1978 – Nicky Byrne, Irish singer (Westlife)
* 1979 – Gonzalo Sorondo, Uruguayan footballer
* 1979 – Brandon Routh, American actor
* 1979 – Chris O'Dowd, Irish actor
* 1979 – DJ Rashad, American DJ and musician (d. 2014)
* 1979 – Alex Greenwald, American musician, actor and record producer
* 1980 – Henrik Zetterberg, Swedish ice hockey player
* 1981 – Darius Miles, American basketball player
* 1982 – Antonio Mendonca, Angolan footballer
* 1982 – Shi Jun, Chinese footballer
* 1983 – Stephen Gionta, American ice hockey player
* 1983 – Andreas Zuber, Austrian racing driver
* 1983 – Spencer Grammer, American actress
* 1983 – Jang Mi-Ran, South Korean weightlifter
* 1983 – Zeng Jinyan, Chinese blogger and human rights activist
* 1984 – Djamel Mesbah, French-Algerian footballer
* 1986 – Laure Manaudou, French swimmer
* 1987 – Samantha Murray, English tennis player
* 1990 – Marcus Willis, English tennis player
* 1992 – Tyler James Williams, American actor and singer
* 1993 – Lauren Davis, American tennis player
* 1993 – Scotty McCreery, American singer
* 1994 – Jodelle Ferland, Canadian actress
* 1996 – Bella Hadid, American model
* 2008 – Bo, dog of Barack Obama

## Deaths

### Up to 1900

* 1047 – Pope Clement II (b. 1005)
* 1253 – Robert Grosseteste, English statesman and bishop
* 1273 – Elisabeth of Bavaria, Queen of Germany
* 1390 – King John I of Castile (b. 1358)
* 1555 – Justus Jonas, German Protestant reformer (b. 1493)
* 1562 – Gabriele Falloppio, Italian anatomist (b. 1523)
* 1569 – Vladimir of Staritsa, Russian prince (b. 1533)
* 1581 – Louis Bertrand, Spanish missionary and saint (b. 1526)
* 1597 – Ashikaga Yoshiaki, Japanese shogun (b. 1537)
* 1691 – William Sacheverell, English statesman (b. 1638)
* 1709 – Barbara Palmer, 1st Duchess of Cleveland, English mistress of Charles II of England (b. 1640)
* 1729 – Richard Blackmore, English physician and writer (b. 1654)
* 1793 – Jean Joseph Marie Amiot, French missionary (b. 1718)
* 1806 – Benjamin Banneker, American astronomer (b. 1731)
* 1808 – John Claiborne, American politician (b. 1777)
* 1831 – John Capodistria, Governor of Greece (b. 1776)
* 1841 – Karl Friedrich Schinkel, Prussian architect and painter (b. 1781)
* 1857 – Josef Ressel, Austrian inventor (b. 1793)
* 1873 – George Ormerod, English historian and antiquarian (b. 1785)
* 1897 – Jan Heemskerk, Prime Minister of the Netherlands (b. 1818)
* 1900 – Heinrich von Herzogenberg, Austrian composer and conductor (b. 1843)

### 1901 – 2000

* 1924 – Valery Bryusov, Russian writer and critic (b. 1873)
* 1934 – King Alexander I of Yugoslavia (assassinated) (b. 1888)
* 1934 – Louis Barthou, Prime Minister of France (assassinated) (b. 1862)
* 1937 – Ernest Louis, Grand Duke of Hesse (b. 1868)
* 1941 – Helen Morgan, American singer and actress (b. 1900)
* 1943 – Pieter Zeeman, Dutch physicist, Nobel Prize laureate (b. 1865)
* 1950 – George Hainsworth, NHL goaltender (b. 1895)
* 1953 – Jimmy Finlayson, Scottish-American actor (b. 1887)
* 1955 – Theodor Cardinal Innitzer, Archbishop of Vienna (b. 1875)
* 1956 – Marie Doro, American actress (b. 1882)
* 1958 – Pope Pius XII (b. 1876)
* 1961 – Werner Jaeger, German mathematician (b. 1888)
* 1962 – Milan Vidmar, Slovenian electrical engineer and chess player (b. 1885)
* 1967 – Che Guevara, Argentine revolutionary and guerilla leader (executed) (b. 1928)
* 1967 – Cyril Norman Hinshelwood, English chemist (b. 1897)
* 1967 – Andre Maurois, French writer (b. 1885)
* 1972 – Miriam Hopkins, American actress (b. 1902)
* 1974 – Oskar Schindler, German businessman (b. 1908)
* 1976 – Walter Warlimont, German general (b. 1894)
* 1976 – Bob Moose, American baseball player (b. 1947)
* 1978 – Jacques Brel, Belgian musician (b. 1929)
* 1985 – Emilio Garrastazu Medici, President of Brazil (b. 1905)
* 1987 – Clare Boothe Luce, American diplomat (b. 1903)
* 1987 – Guru Gopinath, Indian classical dancer (b. 1908)
* 1987 – William P. Murphy, American doctor, won the 1934 Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine (b. 1892)
* 1988 – Felix Wankel, German engineer (b. 1902)
* 1989 – Penny Lernoux, American journalist and writer (b. 1940)
* 1991 – Dagmar Lange (Maria Lang), Swedish writer (b. 1914)
* 1995 – Alec Douglas-Home, Prime Minister of the United Kingdom (b. 1903)
* 1995 – Kukrit Pramoj, Prime Minister of Thailand (b. 1911)
* 1996 – Walter Kerr, American theater critic (b. 1913)
* 2000 – David Dukes, American actor (b. 1945)

### From 2001

* 2001 – Dagmar, American television personality (b. 1921)
* 2002 – Aileen Wuornos, American serial killer (b. 1956)
* 2005 – Louis Nye, American actor (b. 1913)
* 2006 – Paul Hunter, British snooker player (b. 1978)
* 2008 – Gidget Gein, American musician (b. 1969)
* 2009 – Horst Szymaniak, German footballer (b. 1934)
* 2010 – Maurice Allais, French economist (b. 1911)
* 2012 – Paddy Roy Bates, British founder of the Sealand micronation (b. 1921)
* 2013 – Chopper Read, Australian crime figure and author (b. 1954)
* 2013 – Wilfried Martens, former Prime Minister of Belgium (b. 1936)
* 2014 – Peter A. Peyser, American politician (b. 1921)
* 2014 – Jan Hooks, American actress and comedienne (b. 1957)
* 2015 – Ravindra Jain, Indian composer (b. 1944)
* 2015 – Tony Rafty, Australian caricaturist (b. 1915)
* 2015 – Du Runsheng, Chinese politician (b. 1913)
* 2015 – Jerry Parr, American secret service agent (b. 1930)
* 2015 – Geoffrey Howe, British politician (b. 1926)
* 2016 – Andrzej Wajda, Polish movie director (b. 1926)
* 2017 – Manuel Busto, French cyclist (b. 1932)
* 2017 – Allan Chumak, Russian faith healer (b. 1935)
* 2017 – Rafe Mair, Canadian lawyer, political commentator, journalist and politician (b. 1931)
* 2017 – Jean Rochefort, French actor (b. 1930)
* 2017 – Fernando de Szyszlo, Peruvian painter, printmaker and sculptor (b. 1925)
* 2017 – Michel Diefenbacher, French politician (b. 1947)
* 2017 – Hessie, Cuban textile artist (b. 1936)
* 2018 – Warner Saunders, American news anchor (b. 1935)
* 2018 – Thomas A. Steitz, American Nobel Prize–winning biochemist (b. 1940)
* 2018 – Carolyn Warner, American politician (b. 1930)

## Observances

* Independence Day (Uganda)
* Leif Erikson Day
* Hangul Day (South Korea)