Rikunarita-ORG/Wikinium huggingface dataset:
# Block (Internet)

The August 2025 revision of a current 2022 block template of English Wikipedia with enlarged blocked target text, showing that a user has been blocked or stopped from contributing to the site which disables all contribute interfaces. It shows both logged-in and out if autoblocked by MediaWiki after accessing the enabled interface from an unblocked IP address while the user account is blocked. Talk pages, however, are still enabled to address the block.
A **block** (known as **UIB** on Wikipedia) is action taken to stop certain people having access to information. If a website activates a block based on the internet protocol address (IP address) of a user, that block can effect other users that share the address. Some blocked users try to evade the block called as block evasion by making a different account called as sockpuppetry, using a proxy server, or editing unblocked IP address while their user account is blocked.

## Effects

Blocked users may be completely unable to access all or part of a site's content, which is usually the case when censoring or filtering mechanisms are responsible for the block. Under a shadow ban, a user is given the false impression that their content is still being posted to the site, when in reality it is being hidden from all other users.

In Wikipedia, users with blocked IP address, user account, or both stops them from contributing by disabling their contribute interfaces except the talk page. An option to edit unprotected pages are still shown as "Edit" or "Edit source" even while an IP address or user is blocked to confuse users who try to edit them at first glance but technically, the interface is actually disabled making the option views the source of a particular page when trying to click them while the block is in effect similar to protected pages. If a user with blocked account attempts to access an enabled interface on an unblocked IP address, that IP will be autoblocked automatically and temporarily even without an instance of block evasion by continued contributing while blocked. This makes the site read and view source only that limits the user to viewing the pages and their source code. Local blocks are lifted and interfaces re-enable automatically if it is limited time while those that are indefinite can make both situations only happen manually through the standard offer and reviewing administrator's decision to unblock by accepting the content of an appeal later on after the designated waiting period as part of the offer.

On other wiki sites, the same effect, procedure, and unblocking is the same as Wikipedia, with some differing due to the methods used on unblocking and the way administrators do when reviewing unblock appeals on a particular site. The block notice may not also show when accessing some of the interfaces, with only sign that contributing is disabled due to being blocked is when the flashing bar symbol do not appear when clicking while on the edit interface.
# Hyperloop

Concept art of Hyperloop inner workings
A **Hyperloop** is a proposed type of train that would travel at very high speeds. The reason it can travel so fast is because it is inside a tube with no air. This vacuum means that there will be no friction to slow the train.

The Hyperloop is being created and tested in various places around the world, for example the United States, the Middle East and Asia.

In 2012, Elon Musk (Tesla Motors, SpaceX) proposed this technology. In 2013, he put a plan online that showed the hyperloop train taking 35 minutes to go between San Francisco and Los Angeles in the United States.

The Boring Company of Musk In 2015, Musk's company, built a 1.6 kilometres (0.99 miles) test tube in 2015. They asked universities and companies to make the test trains. They had two competitions in 2017 to see how fast the hyperloop trains could travel. The fastest test was 324 kilometres per hour (201 miles per hour).

## Possible advantages

* The hyperloop will be faster than cars, buses and regular trains. Elon Musk suggests that it may be possible to travel over 700 kilometres per hour (430 miles per hour).
* The hyperloop will be eco-friendly compared to a lot of current transportation. Most plans for building the hyperloop use solar power to run the system.
* The hyperloop is a free and open-source technology. Elon Musk put the plans online for anyone to use and asked people to improve the technology
* Because the hyperloop trains run inside of a tube, they will not be affected by weather such as snow or fog.

## Possible disadvantages

* Building costs will probably be very high. It is predicted that the Los Angeles to San Fransisco hyperloop would cost between 6 and 7.5 billion USD to build.
* The trains will vibrate at a high speed which may cause passengers problems such as dizziness or stomach upset.
* Passengers will not be able to move while the hyperloop is traveling. As in a rapid transit system, there will be no access to toilets during trips.
# Adam Mosseri

| Adam Mosseri |
| --- |
| Mosseri speaking at TechCrunch Disrupt, 2016 |
| Born |  (1983-01-23) January 23, 1983 New York City, U.S. |
| Citizenship | United States, Israel |
| Alma mater | New York University |
| Known for | Head of Instagram |
| Spouse | Monica Mosseri |

**Adam Mosseri** (born January 23, 1983) is an American-Israeli businessman and the Head of Instagram. He formerly served as an executive at Facebook.
# Image sharing

**Image sharing** is the sending or publishing of digital image files (such as PNG or JPG files) on the internet. There are also websites for uploading, changing, and sharing image files both publicly and privately. There are also desktop image hosts such as ShareX or Lightshot which allow you to upload images by screenshotting the images.
# Domain Name System

The **Domain Name System** (**DNS**) is a system used to convert a computer's host name into an IP address on the Internet. For example, if a computer needs to communicate with the web server *example.net*, the computer needs the IP address of the web server *example.net*. It is the job of the DNS to convert the host name to the IP address of the web server. It is sometimes called the Internet's telephone book because it converts a Website's name that people know to a number that the Internet actually uses.

The DNS is defined by Request for Comments (RFC) documents. These are technical documents about computer networks. The DNS is mainly defined by RFC 1034 and RFC 1035. There are later RFC which define changes to the system.

## Structure

Domain names are made up of one or more parts, or *labels* that are joined and kept separate by dots, such as `www.example.com`.

* The label on the right is the *top-level domain or TLD.* For example, the top-level domain of `www.example.com` is `com`.
* The next one along is the subsection (or subdomain as is the proper word) of the TLD. In `example.com` this is `example`.
* The furthest to the left is the `www` which is a subdomain of `example`. The `www` means the site is part of the World Wide Web (NOT the same as the Internet )
* Each label can have 63 letters/numbers (*characters*) and a domain name cannot have more than 253 characters.

## Lookup process

Let us imagine that a PC called *PC1* needs to connect to a server named *Server1*. The following steps describe the basic DNS lookup process.

1. *PC1* sends a DNS query to the DNS server. This query asks for the IP address of *Server1*.
2. The DNS server sends a DNS reply to *PC1* that contains *Server1'*s IP address.
3. *PC1* can now send an IP packet to the IP address used by *Server1*.
# Inc. (magazine)

*Inc.*|  |
| Categories | Business |
| Frequency | 6 times per year |
| Total circulation (June 2019) | 653,189 |
| First issue | April 1979 (1979-04) |
| Country | United States |
| Based in | New York City, New York, U.S. |
| Language | English |
| Website | www.inc.com |
| ISSN | 0162-8968 |

Inc. is an international American business magazine. The magazine publishes six issues every year. The magazine also does a few live and virtual events yearly.

*Inc.* is best known for ranking the fastest-growing privately held companies in the United States, which they call the "Inc. 500" and "Inc. 5000."

## International editions

Apart from inc.com, the magazine runs local editions, including:

* *Inc. India*
* *Inc. Australia*

## Other websites

* Official website
* "Inc 500 Fastest Growing Companies in America List"
* "The Stealthy Sales Kings of Amazon"
# Helle Thorning-Schmidt

| Helle Thorning-Schmidt |
| --- |
| Thorning-Schmidt in 2024 |
|  |
| Prime Minister of Denmark |
| **In office** 3 October 2011 – 28 June 2015 |
| Monarch | Margrethe II |
| Deputy | Margrethe Vestager |
| Preceded by | Lars Løkke Rasmussen |
| Succeeded by | Lars Løkke Rasmussen |
|  |
| Personal details |
| Born |  (1966-12-14) 14 December 1966 Rødovre, Denmark |
| Nationality | Danish |
| Political party | Social Democrats |
| Spouse(s) | Stephen Kinnock (1996–present) |
| Children | 2 daughters |
| Alma mater | University of Copenhagen College of Europe |
| Signature |  |

**Helle Thorning-Schmidt** (born 14 December 1966) is a Danish politician. She is the leader of the Danish Social Democrats and is the first female Prime Minister of Denmark. She left the government in 2015.

## Early life and education

Helle Thorning-Schmidt was born in Rødovre to Holger Thorning-Schmidt and his wife Grete. Thorning-Schmidt's father was a lecturer in mathematics and national economics at the University of Copenhagen. Her parents were both politically conservative and she grew up in the Copenhagen suburb of Ishøj.

## As Prime Minister

She was elected to Prime Minister of Denmark on September 15, 2011, and her government took over at October 3, 2011, from the liberal Lars Løkke Rasmussen.

She formed the government with the Social Liberal Party (Det Radikale Venstre) and the Socialist People's Party (Socialistisk Folkeparti). Together they had 77 seats, and with the support of their parliamentary basis, Unity (Enhedslisten), obtain the 89 seats. Furthermore, she has the support of the North Atlantic - two seats from Greenland and one from the Faroe Islands.

## Personal life

She is married to Stephen Kinnock, only son of British politician Neil Kinnock.

## Other websites

 Media related to Helle Thorning-Schmidt at Wikimedia Commons
# Chan Zuckerberg Initiative

**Chan Zuckerberg Initiative** (CZI) is an organization belonged to Mark Zuckerberg, Facebook founder and his wife Priscilla Chan. They invested 99 percent of their wealth from their Facebook shares.

Chan Zuckerberg Initiative LLC|  |
| Company type | LLC |
| Industry | philanthropy  |
| Founded | 1 December 2015 (2015-12-01) |
| Founders | * Priscilla Chan
* Mark Zuckerberg
 |
| Headquarters | Redwood City , United States  |
| Key people | Mark Zuckerberg and Priscilla Chan |
| Website | chanzuckerberg.com |

Priscilla Chan and Mark Zuckerberg (Prague, 2013).
# Aligarh Muslim University

```
          ........ **ALIGARH MUSLIM UNIVERSITY(AMU)**.......
```

The **Aligarh Muslim University (AMU)** is a major university in the town of Aligarh, Uttar Pradesh, India. It was originally founded by Sir Syed Ahmed Khan in 1875, as the Mohammedan Anglo-Oriental College (better known as MAO College). It became a full university in 1920.

Osman Ali Khan, Asaf Jah VII donated 5 Lakh Indian Rupees in the 1930s towards this University.

## AMU Journal

AMU Journal logo
**AMU Journal** is an independent educational community and media organization. It is run by students and alumni. It was started in the year 2016 by a group of Aligarh Muslim University students to cover campus activities and raise campus issues. Later it became a media portal and educational community.

AMU Journal relaunched its website on 17 October 2016 via Aligarh Muslim University Public relations officer, Proctor and Deputy in collaboration with University Training and placement office.

## Other websites

* Official Website Archived 2021-12-12 at the Wayback Machine
# Sivalik Hills

The **Sivalik Hills** or **Shivalik Hills** or **Churia Hills**, are a mountain range. They are part of the Himalayas. The Sivalik Hills are from the Indus River about 2,400 km (1,500 miles) east to the Brahmaputra River. They are in the northern parts of the Indian subcontinent. The Sivalik hills are 10–50 km (6.2–31.1 mi) wide. The hills are average of 1,500–2,000 m (4,900–6,600 feet) tall. There is a 90 km (56 mile) gap between the Teesta and Raidāk Rivers in Assam. Sivalik literally means "long hair of Shiva." The Sivalik area is home to the Soanian archaeological culture.
# Bungarus

| *Bungarus* |
| --- |
|  |
| Banded krait, *Bungarus fasciatus* |
| Scientific classification |
| Kingdom: | Animalia |
| Phylum: | Chordata |
| Subphylum: | Vertebrata |
| Class: | Reptilia |
| Order: | Squamata |
| Suborder: | Serpentes |
| Family: | Elapidae |
| Genus: | Bungarus Daudin, 1803 |

Bungarus is a genus of elapid snakes. They are commonly known as **kraits**. Kraits are venomous. They are found in India and South-East Asia.
# Sholay

| Sholay |
| --- |
| Directed by | Ramesh Sippy |
| Written by | Salim–Javed |
| Produced by | G. P. Sippy |
| Starring | Dharmendra Sanjeev Kumar Hema Malini Amitabh Bachchan Jaya Bhaduri Amjad Khan |
| Cinematography | Dwarka Divecha |
| Edited by | M. S. Shinde |
| Music by | R. D. Burman |
| Production companies | United Producers Sippy Films |
| Distributed by | Sippy Films |
| Release date | * 15 August 1975 (1975-08-15)
 |
| Running time | 204 minutes |
| Country | India |
| Language | Hindi |
| Budget | ₹30 million |
| Box office | est. ₹350 million (India) 60 million tickets (USSR) |

Sholay is a Bollywood movie directed by Ramesh Sippy. It was produced by his father, GP Sippy. The movie was released on 15 August 1975. The action-adventure movie is about two criminals, Veeru and Jai (played by Dharmendra and Amitabh Bachchan), who were hired by a retired police officer (Sanjeev Kumar) to catch the cruel dacoit Gabbar Singh (Amjad Khan). *Sholay* is a classic Indian movie. It was top of the British Film Institute's 2002 poll of "Top 10 Indian Films" of all time. In 2005, 50th Filmfare Awards named it the Best Film of 50 Years.

## Cast

* Dharmendra as Veeru
* Sanjeev Kumar as Thakur Baldev Singh
* Hema Malini as Basanti
* Amitabh Bachchan as Jai (Jaidev)
* Jaya Bhaduri as Radha, Thakur's daughter-in-law
* Amjad Khan as Gabbar Singh
* Satyen Kappu as Ramlaal, Thakur's servant
* A. K. Hangal as Rahim Chacha, the imam in the village
* Sachin as Ahmed, son of the imam
* Jagdeep as Soorma Bhopali, a comical wood trader
* Leela Mishra as Mausi, Basanti's maternal aunt
* Asrani as the Jailor, a comical character modelled after Charlie Chaplin in *The Great Dictator*
* Keshto Mukherjee as Hariram, prison barber and Jailor's side-kick
* Mac Mohan as Sambha, Gabbar Singh's sidekick
* Viju Khote as Kaalia, another of Gabbar's men whom he kills in a game of Russian roulette
* Iftekhar as Inspector Khurana, Radha's Father
* Helen in a special appearance in song "Mehbooba Mehbooba"
* Jalal Agha in a special appearance in song "Mehbooba Mehbooba"
* Raj Kishore as a jail inmate with gayish mannerisms
* Arvind Joshi as elder son of Thakur Baldev Singh
* Sharad Kumar as Ninni, younger son of Thakur Baldev Singh
* Gita Siddharth as Geeta, Arvind Joshi's wife
# Mr. India

**Mr. India** is a popular Indian Hindi-language movie released in 1987. It was directed by **Shekhar Kapur** and became one of the most loved films in Indian cinema. The movie is known for its mix of action, comedy, drama, and fantasy. It stars **Anil Kapoor**, **Sridevi**, and **Amrish Puri**.

## Story

The movie is about Arun Verma, a kind-hearted man who looks after a group of orphan children. He struggles to make ends meet but always stays positive. One day, Arun discovers a special invisibility bracelet created by his scientist father. When Arun wears the bracelet, he can become invisible, but only in the absence of red light.

Using this power, Arun becomes Mr. India, a hero who fights crime. He has to face the evil villain Mogambo, a criminal mastermind who wants to take over India. Mogambo is known for his famous line, "Mogambo khush hua!" (Mogambo is pleased).

Arun is also helped by Seema, a funny journalist who stays with him and the children. Together, they try to stop Mogambo’s dangerous plans and save the country.

## Cast

* Anil Kapoor as Arun Verma aka Mr. India
* Sridevi as Seema Soni
* Amrish Puri as Mogambo
* Ashok Kumar as Prof. Sinha
* Annu Kapoor as Mr. Gaitonde, Seema's newspaper editor
* Ramesh Deo as a police inspector
* Ajit Vachani as Teja
* Bob Christo as Mr. Wolcott
* Harish Patel as Roopchand
* Anjan Srivastav as Baburam
* Satish Kaushik as Calendar
* Ahmed Khan as an orphan
* Aftab Shivdasani as an orphan
* Yunus Parvez as Maniklal
* Sharat Saxena as Daga
* Gurbachan Singh as Captain Zorro
# Donation

A donation box in Trinity Church, Copenhagen
A **donation** is a gift usually given for charitable reasons. It could be money, food, toys, clothing, or something else that is needed. Usually, when someone gives a donation they do not expect to get anything in return.

## Related pages

* Blood donation
* Organ donation
* Philanthropy

## Other websites

* Donation definition on WordNet Search
# Aishwarya Rai

| Aishwarya Rai |
| --- |
| Rai at the 2017 Cannes Film Festival |
| Born | Aishwarya Rai  (1973-11-01) 1 November 1973 Mangalore, Karnataka, India |
| Alma mater | University of Mumbai |
| Occupation(s) | Actress, model |
| Years active | 1994–present |
| Height | 169 cm (5 ft 7 in) |
| Title | Miss World 1994 |
| Spouse |
Abhishek Bachchan ​(m. 2007)​ |
| Children | 1 |
| Family | See Bachchan family |
| Awards | Full list |
| Honours | * Padma Shri (2009)
* Ordre des Arts et des Lettres (2012)
 |

**Aishwarya Rai** (born 1 November 1973) is an Indian actress. She won the Miss World 1994 pageant. Her acting has made her one of the most popular celebrities in India. She has won many awards, including two Filmfare Awards. Rai also was given the Padma Shri by the Government of India in 2009 and the Ordre des Arts et des Lettres by the Government of France in 2012.

## Biography

She was born into the family of merchant navy officer Krishnaraj Rai and writer Vrinda Rai. The actress has an older brother - a merchant navy engineer Aditya.

Aishwarya's native language is Kannada and Tulu, and she also speaks English, Hindi, and Marathi. As a child she studied classical music and dance. At an early age, she moved with her family to Bombay, where she studied at Arya Vidya Mandir high school in the suburbs of Santacruz. After graduating from Ruparel College (before that she studied at Jai Hind College for a year), she entered the university, where she began to study architecture, but then became a model. In 1994 she won the Miss World contest. After participating in the Pepsi advertising campaign, she starred for Vogue magazine.

Aishwarya's first role in a film was the well-received film "Tandem" in 1997, where she played a dual role: a rural beauty and an actress.

## Personal life

On January 14, 2007, she announced her engagement to actor Abhishek Bachchan, the son of the famous actor Amitabh Bachchan, and married him on April 20 of that year. On November 16, 2011, Aishwarya Rai gave birth to a daughter at a clinic in Mumbai. The girl was named Aaradhya. In June, 2025, her husband Abhishek Bachchan quashed rumours that they were divorced.

## Other websites
# Taylor & Francis

**Taylor & Francis Group** is a company that publishes books, reviews, journals and etcetera. The company is founded in 1852 and created by two friends: Richard Tylor and William Francis. It is also a conference company.

Taylor & Francis| Parent company | Informa |
| Status | Active |
| Founded | 1852 (1852) |
| Founder | William Francis, Richard Taylor |
| Country of origin | United Kingdom |
| Headquarters location | Milton Park, Abingdon-on-Thames, Oxfordshire, United Kingdom |
| Distribution | Bookpoint (Europe, Asia, Africa, Australia) self-distributed (the Americas) |
| Key people | Dami Patel (Supervisory chair and Group HR Director) Jeremy North (Managing Director, Advanced Learning) Leon Heward-Mills (Managing Director, Researcher Services) Alex Robinson (Chief Commercial Officer) |
| Publication types | Peer-reviewed books and journals |
| Nonfiction topics | Humanities, social science, behavioural science, education, law, science, technology, engineering, and mathematics, medicine |
| Fiction genres | Non-fiction. Academic and scholarly. |
| Imprints | Routledge (humanities, social science, education and law); Taylor & Francis, CRC Press and Garland Science (science, technology, engineering, and mathematics) |
| Revenue | £593.6m in 2022 with an adjusted operating margin of 34.9%.
£559.6M in 2019 |
| No. of employees | 1,600 |
| Official website | taylorandfrancis.com |
# Central Hindi Directorate

Central Hindi Directorate| the Central Hindi Directorate in New Delhi |
| Headquarters | New Delhi |
| Website | hindinideshalaya.nic.in/english/ |

The **Central Hindi Directorate** (Hindi: केन्द्रीय हिन्दी निदेशालय, Kendriya Hindi Nideshalaya) is the highest authority on the Hindi language. It is based in New Delhi, India. It is organised under India's Ministry of Human Resource Development.

## Other websites

* Official website (in Hindi and English)
# Demo (music)

A **demo**, in music, is the first version of a song or album.

It can also refer to an album made by the band as a "sample" in hopes of getting a contract with a record label.
# Caucasian race

Map of human races (*Meyers Konversations-Lexikon*, 1885–1890)

|  |  |
| --- | --- |
| **Caucasoid**:  Aryans  Semitic  Hamitic **Negroid**:  African Negro  Khoikhoi  Melanesian  Negrito  Australoid Uncertain:  Dravida & Sinhalese | **Mongoloid**:  North Mongol  Chinese & Indochinese  Korean & Japanese  Tibetan & Burmese  Malay  Polynesian  Maori  Micronesian  Eskimo & Inuit  American |

**Caucasoid** was a word for a person from Europe, West Asia, North Africa and some parts of South Asia, Central Asia, and the Horn of Africa. The group of these persons was called "Caucasoid race" or **Caucasian race**. In former times, many people divided human beings into three races. These races were called *Caucasoid*, *Mongoloid*, and *Negroid*. Today, scientists agree that there is only one human race. Modern genetic research has shown that the idea of three races was wrong.

German anthropologist Johann Friedrich Blumenbach (1752 – 1840) invented the name *Caucasian race* because he saw a connection to the Caucasus Mountains.

In the United States, white people are often called "Caucasian". But the actual "Caucasian race" included people with a skin from white to relatively brown.
# Automation

Minimum human intervention is required to control many large facilities such as this electrical generating station.
Cartoon from the 1936 Summer Olympics looks forward to the year 2000. Television technology lets spectators watch events at home while radio carries their promptings and applause to loudspeakers in the stadium. It appeared in the Olympia-Sonderheft of the Berliner Illustrierte Zeitung.
In the context of engineering, **automation** is when a device or a machine is changed in such a way that it can fulfill the task it was designed for without the need of human interaction. Very often, this means that the machine is fitted with an additional system which takes control of its functions. For example, a centrifugal governor controls a steam engine.

Benefits of automation are that the output of the machine or device are more uniform, and that product quality is improved. A system that is not fully automated needs human interaction is needed: Many of the tasks involved are repetitive and boring. In general, machines are also designed so that humans no longer need to lift heavy weights or do dangerous things. With automation, human intervention is limited or absent.

## Images

* A common windmill, the position of the wheel is fixed
* Windmill where the wheel can readjust itself, to capture the wind. An additional gear is needed for rotating the wheel (which can be automated).

## Related pages

* Industrial Revolution