# Palatalization (phonetics)

| Palatalization |
| --- |
| ◌ʲ |
| IPA Number | 421 |
| Encoding |
| Entity (decimal) | `&#690;` |
| Unicode (hex) | U+02B2 |

**Palatalization** changes a sound so that it is made while the tongue is close to the palate.

In the IPA, the symbol for palatalization is a lowercase superscript *j*, ʲ, and is put after a consonant letter to show that the sound is palatalized (for example [bʲ], which marks a palatalized bilabial plosive).

## List of palatalised consonants

| Letter | Name | Language |
| --- | --- | --- |
| pʲ | palatalised voiceless bilabial plosive | Russian |
| bʲ | palatalised voiced bilabial plosive | Russian |
| tʲ | palatalised voiceless alveolar plosive | Russian |
| dʲ  | palatalised voiced alveolar plosive | Russian |
| ʈʲ | palatalised voiceless retroflex plosive | Kashmiri |
| ɖʲ | palatalised voiced retroflex plosive | Kashmiri |
| kʲ | palatalised voiceless velar plosive | Russian, Japanese |
| ɡʲ | palatalised voiced velar plosive | Russian, Japanese |
| qʲ | palatalised voiceless uvular plosive | Abaza, Ubykh |
| ɢʲ | palatalised voiced uvular plosive |  |
| ʡʲ | palatalised epiglottal plosive | Adyghe, Vadi |
| ʔʲ | palatalised glottal stop | Adyghe, Hausa, Vadi |
| mʲ | palatalised bilabial nasal | Russian |
| ɱʲ | palatalised labiodental nasal | Russian (not phonemic) |
| nʲ | palatalised alveolar nasal | Russian |
| ɳʲ | palatalised retroflex nasal | Toda |
| ŋʲ | palatalised velar nasal |  |
| ɴʲ | palatalised uvular nasal |  |
| ʙʲ | palatalised bilabial trill |  |
| rʲ | palatalised alveolar trill |  |
| ɽrʲ | palatalised retroflex trill |  |
| ʀʲ | palatalised uvular trill |  |
| ʜʲ | palatalised voiceless epiglottal fricative |  |
| ʢʲ | palatalised voiced epiglottal fricative |  |
| ⱱʲ | palatalised voiced labiodental flap |  |
| ɾʲ | palatalised alveolar flap |  |
| ɽʲ | palatalised retroflex flap |  |
| ɺʲ | palatalised alveolar lateral flap |  |
| 𝼈ʲ | palatalised retroflex lateral flap |  |
| ɸʲ | palatalised voiceless bilabial fricative |  |
| βʲ | palatalised voiced bilabial fricative |  |
| fʲ | palatalised voiceless labiodental fricative |  |
| vʲ | palatalised voiced labiodental fricative |  |
| θʲ | palatalised voiceless dental fricative |  |
| ðʲ | palatalised voiced dental fricative |  |
| sʲ | palatalised voiceless alveolar fricative |  |
| zʲ | palatalised voiced alveolar fricative |  |
| ʃʲ | palatalised voiceless postalveolar fricative |  |
| ʒʲ | palatalised voiced postalveolar fricative |  |
| ʂʲ | palatalised voiceless retroflex fricative |  |
| ʐʲ | palatalised voiced retroflex fricative |  |
| xʲ | palatalised voiceless velar fricative |  |
| ɣʲ | palatalised voiced velar fricative |  |
| χʲ | palatalised voiceless uvular fricative |  |
| ʁʲ | palatalised voiced uvular fricative |  |
| ħʲ | palatalised voiceless pharyngeal fricative |  |
| ʕʲ | palatalised voiced pharyngeal fricative |  |
| hʲ | palatalised voiceless glottal fricative |  |
| ɦʲ | palatalised voiced glottal fricative |  |
| ʋʲ | palatalised labiodental approximant |  |
| ɹʲ | palatalised alveolar approximant |  |
| ɻʲ | palatalised retroflex approximant |  |
| ɰʲ | palatalised velar approximant |  |
| wʲ | palatalised labial-velar approximant |  |
| ʍʲ | palatalised voiceless labial-velar fricative |  |
| ɬʲ | palatalised voiceless alveolar lateral fricative |  |
| ɮʲ | palatalised voiced alveolar lateral fricative |  |
| lʲ | palatalised alveolar lateral approximant |  |
| ɭʲ | palatalised retroflex lateral approximant |  |
| ʟʲ | palatalised velar lateral approximant |  |