# Mughal dynasty

Imperial Seal of the Mughal Empire
The **Mughal dynasty** (Persian: دودمان مغل‎; *Dudmân-e Mughal*) was an Indian imperial dynasty, which comprised the members of the imperial **House of Babur** (Persian: خاندانِ آلِ بابُر‎; *Khāndān-e-Āl-e-Bābur*), also known as the **Gurkanis** (Persian: گورکانیان‎; *Gūrkāniyān*). They ruled the Mughal Empire from c. 1526 to 1857.

The Mughals are a branch of the Timurid dynasty. The emperors are generally categorised as either one of the early Great Mughals or the later Lesser Mughals.

## Early or Great Mughals

* Babur (reigned 1526-1530), who founded the dynasty
* Humayun (r: 1530–1540, then interregnum, then back in 1555-1556)
* Akbar the Great (1556-1605)
* Jahangir (1606-1627)
* Shah Jahan (1628-1658)
* Aurangzeb *Alamgir* (1658-1707), who brought the dynasty to its historical zenith

## Later or Lesser Mughals

* Shah Alam Bahadur Shah I (1707-1712)
* Jahandar Shah (1712-1713)
* Farrukhsiyar (1713-1719)
* Muhammad Shah *Rangeela* (1719-1748)
* Ahmad Shah (1748-1754)
* Alamgir II (1754-1759)
* Shah Alam II (1759-1806)
* Akbar (Shah) II (1806-1837)
* Bahadur Shah Zaffar II (1837-1858), the last emperor, deposed by the British

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Mughal family tree |
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|  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  | **1. Babur** (1483 –1531) |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
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|  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  | **2. Humayun** (1508 –1556) |  | Masuma Sultan Begum |  | Kamran Mirza (1509 –1557) |  | Gulchehra Begum |  | Askari Mirza (1516 –1557/1558) |  | Hindal Mirza (1519 –1551) |  | Gulbadan Begum |  | Gulrukh Begum |  |  |  |  |  |
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|  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  | **3. Akbar** (1542 –1605) |  | Mirza Muhammad Hakim (1553 –1585) |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
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|  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  | **4. Jahangir** (1569 –1627) |  | Shahzada Khanam |  | Shah Murad (1570- 1599) |  | Daniyal (1572- 1604) |  | Shakarunnisa Begum |  | Aram Banu Begum |  |
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|  | Sultan Nisar Begum |  | Khusrau Mirza (1587 –1622) |  | Parvez (1590- 1626) |  | Bahar Banu Begum |  | **5. Shah Jahan** (1592 –1666) |  | Lizzat-un-nisa Begum |  | Jahandar |  | Shahrayar (1605 –1628) |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
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|  | Jahanara Begum |  | Dara Shikoh (1615- 1659) |  | Shah Shuja (1616-1661) |  | Roshanara Begum |  | **6. Aurangzeb** (1618 –1707) |  | Murad Baksh (1624 - 1661) |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
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|  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  | **7. Muhammad Azam Shah** (1653 - 1707) |  | **8. Bahadur Shah I** (1643 –1712) |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  | Muhammad Akbar (1657- 1706) |  | Muhammad Kam Bakhsh (1667- 1709) |  |
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|  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  | Azim-ush-Shan (1664 –1712) |  |  |  |  |  | Rafi-ush-Shan (1671 –1712) |  |  |  |  |  | **9. Jahandar Shah** (1661 –1713) |  | Khujista Akhtar (1673- 1712) |  | Neku Siyar (1679- 1723) |  | Muhi us-Sunnat (1690- 1747) |  |
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|  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  | **10. Farrukhsiyar** (1683 –1719) |  | **12. Shah Jahan II**  (1696 –1719) |  | **11. Rafi'u-d-Darjat** (1699 –1719) |  | Muhammad Ibrahim (1703 –1746) |  | **15. Alamgir II** (1699 –1759) |  | **13. Muhammad Shah** (1702 –1748) |  |  |  |  |  | **16. Shah Jahan III** (1711- 1772) |  |
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|  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  | **17. Shah Alam II** (1728 –1806) |  | **14. Ahmad Shah Bahadur** (1725 –1775) |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
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|  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  | **19. Akbar Shah II** (1760 –1837) |  | **18. Shah Jahan IV** Bedar Bakht (1749- 1790) |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
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|  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  | **20. Bahadur Shah II Zafar** (1775 –1862) |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
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| **Notes:** |

## Related pages

* Timurid dynasty