Rikunarita-ORG/Wikinium huggingface dataset:
# iTunes

iTunes|  |
| Developer(s) | Apple |
| Initial release | January 9, 2001 (2001-01-09) |
|  |
| Stable release | 12.13.10
 / March 8, 2026 (2026-03-08) |
|  |
| Operating system | * macOS Mojave and earlier (until version 12.9.5)
* Windows 10 and 11 (latest version)
 |
| Platform | * macOS
* Windows
 |
| Successor | For media: TV (macOS and Windows) Music (macOS and Windows) Podcasts (macOS only)
For device management: Finder (macOS) Apple Devices (Windows) |
| Type | * CD ripper
* Digital asset management
* Media player
* Optical disc authoring
 |
| License | Freeware |
| Website | itunes.com |

A map of places that have iTunes stores. Dark blue stores are in that place's language. Light blue are only in English.
**iTunes** is a media player made by Apple. It came out on January 10, 2001, at the Macworld Expo in San Francisco. iTunes is used for playing and sorting music and video files. It also lets users see and change what is on their iPod or iPhone.
iTunes is a free download for Mac OS X and Microsoft Windows from Apple's website but requires a subscription. The download is also included with QuickTime, a program used to play videos. It also comes with all Apple Macintosh computers, and some HP and Dell computers. However, on 3 Jun 2019, Apple announced that iTunes would not be available on macOS Catalina.

## iTunes Store

The iTunes Store is an online store built into iTunes. iTunes can connect to the iTunes Store if there is an internet connection to buy and download music, music videos, television shows, iPod games, audiobooks, podcasts, and movies. The files from the iTunes Store used to use Digital Rights Management (DRM) to prevent piracy. However, iTunes now sells music and videos called iTunes Plus, which are higher quality and have no DRM.

Some singers and bands do not have most of their music on iTunes yet: The KLF, Garth Brooks, Bob Seger, Def Leppard, King Crimson and Tool.

For a long time, users could not get music by The Beatles on iTunes due to a legal conflict between Apple Inc. and Apple Records. Starting in November 2010, users can now get music by the Beatles. It is very popular nowadays. There is a lot of advertisements by Apple for Beatles music.

## Beginning

Bill Kincaid had developed SoundJamMP which was released later in the year of 1999. It was later renamed iTunes which was then purchased by Apple in 2000.

As SoundJam was being worked on throughout the years, the interface of the site was changed to make it easier for people to understand how to use it. And added the ability to burn CDs, and removed its recording feature and skin support.

On January 9, 2001, iTunes 1.0 was released at Macworld San Francisco. Macintosh users immediately began to dig through iTunes’s resource fork where they discovered that there were so many other strings and other resources that indicated iTunes was a re-engineered SoundJam MP. Casady & Greene ceased distribution of SoundJam MP on June 1, 2001 at the request of the developers.

*
# Record chart

A **record chart** (sometimes called a **music chart**) is a way of giving music a rank. The rank comes from the popularity of the music. The *Billboard* Hot 100 is a popular chart. The information on charts comes from some different sources, like the number of objects sold, the number of times a song was played on radio, the number of times a song or album was downloaded, and other criteria. Charts are sometimes made for a special genre, for example "Top 10 Rock Songs".

## Related pages

* Pop music
* Rock music
# Shreya Ghoshal

**Shreya Ghoshal** is an Indian playback singer. She is famous for singing songs in many Indian languages like Hindi, Tamil, Telugu, Kannada, and Bengali. She is one of the most popular and successful singers in India.

## Early Life

Shreya Ghoshal was born on March 12, 1984, in Murshidabad, West Bengal, India. Her family later moved to Rawatbhata, Rajasthan. Shreya started learning music when she was four years old. Her mother taught her to sing, and she later learned Indian classical music.

When Shreya was sixteen, she won the TV singing competition Sa Re Ga Ma. This gave her the chance to become a playback singer in Bollywood.

## Career

Shreya Ghoshal's first big break came in 2002 when she sang in the movie Devdas. Her songs "Dola Re Dola" and "Bairi Piya" became very popular. She won many awards for her performance, including the National Film Award.

Since then, Shreya has sung thousands of songs for movies and albums. Some of her famous songs are:

* "Dola Re Dola" from Devdas
* "Barso Re" from Guru
* "Deewangi Deewangi", "Main Agar Kahoon", and "Dhoom Thana" from Om Shanti Om
* "Teri Ore" from Singh Is Kinng
* "Deewani Mastani" from Bajirao Mastani
* "Samjhawan" from Humpty Sharma Ki Dulhania
* "Tum Kya Mile" and "Ve Kamleya" from Rocky Aur Rani Ki Prem Kahani
* "Ghar More Pardesiya" from Kalank
* "Sunn Raha Hai Tu" from Aashiqui 2
* "Param Sundari" from Mimi

She is known for her sweet and melodious voice. Shreya has worked with many top music directors and composers.

## Awards

Shreya Ghoshal has won many awards, including:

* National Film Awards
* Filmfare Awards
* IIFA Awards

She has also been honored by several states in India and international organizations for her contribution to music.

## Other Work

Shreya has performed in concerts all over the world. She is also a judge on TV singing shows like **Indian Idol** and **Voice of India**. She has her wax statue in the Madame Tussauds Museum in Delhi.

## Personal Life

Shreya Ghoshal is married to Shiladitya Mukhopadhyaya. They got married in 2015. In 2021, they had a son named Devyaan.

## Legacy

Shreya Ghoshal is one of India’s most loved singers. Her voice and talent have inspired many young singers. She continues to sing and make beautiful music for her fans.
# Ayyappan

Lord Ayyappa was the son of Vishnu & ShivaLord Ayyappa is a very popular Hindu deity, which is mainly worshipped in South India. He is also spelt as Ayyappa. It is believed that he was born out of the union between Lord Shiva in the form of Lord Kameshwar and Mohini, who is also regarded as an avatar of Lord Vishnu. Therefore, Ayyappa is also called as ‘ Hariharan Puthiran’ which means the son of both Hari or Vishnu and ‘ Haran’ or Shiva .
# Neha Bhasin

Neha in 2012
**Neha Bhasin** (born 18 November 1982) is an Indian singer and songwriter. She is known for her playback work in Bollywood, Tollywood, Kollywood and independent songs in the genre of Indian pop and punjabi folk music. Bhasin has received seven Filmfare nominations across different languages and won two Filmfare Awards for her songs ‘‘Jag Ghoomeya’’ (Hindi) and ‘‘Paani Ravi Da’’ (Punjabi).
# Chennai Express

| Chennai Express |
| --- |
| Directed by | Rohit Shetty |
| Screenplay by | Yunus Sajawal |
| Story by | K. Subash |
| Produced by | Gauri Khan Ronnie Screwvala Siddharth Roy Kapur Karim Morani |
| Starring | Deepika Padukone Shah Rukh Khan |
| Cinematography | Dudley |
| Edited by | Steven H. Bernard |
| Music by | **Songs:** Vishal–Shekhar **Background score:** Amar Mohile |
| Production company | Red Chillies Entertainment |
| Distributed by | UTV Motion Pictures |
| Release dates | * 8 August 2013 (2013-08-08) (Overseas markets)
* 9 August 2013 (2013-08-09) (India)
 |
| Running time | 141 minutes |
| Country | India |
| Language | Hindi  |

Chennai Express is a 2013 romantic action comedy movie. It was directed by Rohit Shetty. It was produced by Red Chillies Entertainment.

The film received mixed reviews from critics and it broke several box office records in India and abroad, becoming the quickest film to collect ₹1 billion (US$13 million) net domestically. The film surpassed *3 Idiots* (2009) to become the highest-grossing Bollywood film worldwide at that point. It is the 22nd highest grossing Indian film of all time.

At the 59th Filmfare Awards, *Chennai Express* received 7 nominations, including Best Film, Best Director (Shetty), Best Actor (Khan) and Best Actress (Padukone).

## Plot

Rahul's (Shah Rukh Khan) trip to fulfill his late grandfather's last wish turns into an unexpected adventure when he meets a unique young woman (Deepika Padukone) from southern India.

## Cast

* Deepika Padukone as Meenalochni "Meena" Azhagusundaram
* Shah Rukh Khan as Rahul Mithaiwala
* Nikitin Dheer as Tangaballi
* Sathyaraj as Durgeshwara Azhagusundaram
* Priyamani as herself (special appearance in "1 2 3 4 Get on the Dance Floor")
* Mukesh Tiwari as Inspector Shamsher
* Kamini Kaushal as Rahul's grandmother
* Puvisha Manoharan as Meenalochni`s cousin
* Lekh Tandon as Rahul's grandfather
* Yogi Babu as Sri Lankan smuggler
* Jasper as Henchman
* King Kong as a passerby
* Rakesh Kukreti as Bobby, Rahul's friend

## Other website

* Official website (archive)
* *Chennai Express* on IMDb
# NDTV

NDTV|  |
| Company type | Public |
| Traded as | BSE: 532529 NSE: NDTV |
| Industry | Mass media |
| Founded | 1984 (1984) |
| Founders | Prannoy Roy Radhika Roy |
| Headquarters |  New Delhi, India |
| Key people | Gautam Adani |
| Products | Broadcasting Web portals |
| Revenue |  ₹70 crore (US$9.2 million) (2023) |
| Net income |  ₹−8.1 crore (US$−1.1 million) (2023) |
| Parent | Adani Group (64.71%) |
| Website | www.ndtv.com |

an **NDTV** journalist conducting an interview (2011)
**New Delhi Television Ltd (NDTV)** is an Indian television news media company founded by economist *Prannoy Roy* and journalist *Radhika Roy* in 1984. They both are husband and wife from the city of Kolkata, West Bengal.

## Other websites

* Official website
# Rajesh Pillai

| Rajesh Pillai |
| --- |
| Pillai in 2012 |
| Born | (1974-07-10)10 July 1974 Haripad, Kerala, India |
| Died | 27 February 2016(2016-02-27) (aged 41) Kochi, India |
| Occupation | Film director |
| Years active | 2005–2016 |
| Spouse | Mekha Rajesh |

**Rajesh Raman Pillai** (10 July 1974 – 27 February 2016) was an Indian movie director. He was best known for his work in Malayalam cinema. He was known for his movie *Traffic* (2011).

Pillai died on 27 February 2016 at a hospital in Kochi, India. He had liver disease. He was aged 41.

## Other websites

* Rajesh Pillai on IMDb
# Le Cordon Bleu

**Le Cordon Bleu** [lə kɔʁdɔ̃ blø] (French for "The Blue Ribbon") is an international chain of hospitality and culinary schools teaching French cuisine. It focuses on hospitality management, culinary arts, and gastronomy. The institution is made of 35 institutes in 20 countries and has over 20,000 students of many different nationalities.
# Na. Muthukumar

**Nagarajan Muthukumar** (12 July 1975 – 14 August 2016) was an Tamil poet, lyricist, and author. He was born in Kanchipuram, Tamil Nadu, India.

Muthukumar was best known for his Tamil language movie songs. He received the most number of Filmfare Awards for Best Lyricist in Tamil and was a two-time recipient of the National Film Award for Best Lyrics for his works in *Thanga Meenkal* (2013) and *Saivam* (2014).

Muthukumar, who had been suffering from jaundice for long, died on the morning of 14 August 2016, at his Chennai residence due to cardiac arrest. He was aged 41.

## Other websites

* Na. Muthukumar on IMDb
# Johannes Ockeghem

**Johannes Ockeghem** (born Saint-Ghislain, near Mons, Belgium about 1410; died Tours, France, 6 February 1497), was the most famous composer of the Franco-Flemish School (from around the area which is now Belgium) in the last half of the 15th century, and is often thought of as the most important composer between Dufay and Josquin des Prez. He was an excellent choirmaster and teacher. He spent most of his life working for the French royal court.

## Life

The name Ockeghem is found with many different spellings in old documents. He was almost certainly born in the town of Saint-Ghislain. His native language was probably French.

Like many composers in this period, he started to learn about music by singing in a church choir, quite possibly in Saint-Ghislain and then in Mons.

His first important job was working for Charles I, Duke of Bourbon in Moulins, (France). Then in 1451 he went to work for King Charles VII of France. By this time he was well known as a singer and composer. He worked for the royal court for more than 50 years and was rewarded with promotions and honours. Charles VII gave him important jobs. After Charles VII’s death Louis XI became king. He reigned for a long time and Ockeghem was in favour with the king. He often travelled with the king, visiting places such as Cambrai and even as far as Spain. He met famous people including the composers Dufay and Binchois. He also had other jobs in Paris.

Louis XI died in 1483. We do not know much about where Ockeghem went after that, but he probably died in Tours because that is where he left his will.

## Music and influence

Ockeghem was not a composer who wrote lots of music, but it is hard to tell as some of it might have got lost. There are 14 masses that survive and other vocal works. His *Missa pro Defunctis* is the earliest surviving polyphonic Requiem. Ockeghem based many of his masses on well-known tunes in a way that is called “cantus firmus technique”. Sometimes he put the borrowed tunes in the lowest part (he sang bass himself). This was rather unusual.

Ockeghem’s music influenced Josquin des Prez and other composers from Flanders and the Netherlands.

When Ockeghem died Josquin Des Prez composed a motet called *La déploration de la mort de Johannes Ockeghem* in his honour. The music theorist Johannes Tinctoris described him as a great musician and one of the best singers he knew. Many younger composers used some of Ockeghem’s melodies as a base for their own compositions. In the Renaissance this kind of borrowing from the music ofc another composer was thought to be a great honour.

* Article "Johannes Ockeghem." *The New Grove Dictionary of Music and Musicians*, ed. Stanley Sadie. 20 vol. London, Macmillan Publishers Ltd., 1980. (ISBN 1-56159-174-2)
* groves music onlineArchived 2008-05-16 at the Wayback Machine
# Presbyterianism

**Presbyterianism** is a kind of Protestantism. The form of Christianity was started in Scotland by John Knox during the 16th century. It became powerful in England during the Civil War. Today, there are Presbyterian churches across the world. "Presbyter" comes from a Greek word meaning "elder".

Presbyterians, its followers, believe that the Bible is the most important thing in their church because it has been given to humans by God and has no errors in it. They believe that God has control over everything and has chosen to make some people follow Jesus Christ but not others. Like Calvinists, they also believe that only followers of Jesus can get into Heaven.

Presbyterian churches may be led by men called ministers, rectors or elders, who rule in committees. Some Presbyterian churches have women as elders.

There is no overall leader, and there are no bishops in the Presbyterian tradition. On Sundays, the Bible, which Presbyterians consider to be the Word of God, is read, and a sermon preached by the minister is at the heart of a morning worship service, which also includes group singings of some worship songs.

## Around the world

There are Presbyterian churches on every continent except Antarctica, but they do not always agree with one another. There have been many splits, or schisms, caused by various disagreements about what they believe or how they should be organised. Some schisms have been healed, but many have not.

In Scotland, where Presbyterianism started, there are at least seven different groups, or denominations. There are also three main groups in England, one in Wales and five in Northern Ireland.

There are dozens of different denominations in North America, almost all in the United States. They arrived during the 17th century, mostly from Scotland, but already disagreed with one another. Most countries in South America have had Presbyterian churches since the 19th century.

At least 23 countries in Africa have Presbyterian churches, also since the 19th century.

In Asia, the Presbyterian Church of Korea was started through the Christian mission of the Presbyterian Church (USA). After Korean independence, the division was formed afresh, as Presbyterian Church in Korea (KoRyuPa) supports the views of Dutch Reformed churches. In 2012, a new General Assembly of the Orthodox Presbyterian Church of Korea declared itself the authentic historical succession of John Knox.

## Related pages

* Wee Frees
* Ian Paisley
# Vocal range

**Vocal range** is the measure of the pitches that a human voice can make. Although the study of vocal range is not used in terms of speech, it is a topic of study within linguistics, phonetics, and speech and language pathology. However, the most common use of the term "vocal range" is in singing, where it is used for classifying singing voices into groups.
# Srirangam

**Srirangam** is an island in the Kaveri River. It is a part of the city of Tiruchirapalli in Tamil Nadu, India. It is a famous place because it is one of the 108 Divya Desams, or holy places, according to Hinduism.

Srirangam is border by the Kaveri River and its tributary Kollidam River. Srirangam can be considered the largest functioning Hindu temple in the world, as it covers an area of about 631000 m2 with a perimeter of 4km (10,710 ft).

There are many other famous temples near Srirangam. They include Rockfort Temple, Samayapuram Mariamman Temple, and Vayalur Murugan Temple.

## Reference
# Mouna Raagam

**Mouna Raagam** is an Indian Tamil-language romantic drama movie. The movie was directed by Mani Ratnam, a well-known filmmaker in India. The music was composed by Ilaiyaraaja. It was released on August 15, 1986, coinciding with Indian Independence Day. The movie was a blockbuster and a breakthrough in Mani Ratnam's directorial career. It even won the National Film Award for Best Feature Film in Tamil.

## Story

The story is about Divya, a young woman, and her struggles with love and marriage. She is forced to marry Chandrakumar, a man she does not know. However, Divya still loves her old boyfriend, Manohar, who died in a tragic incident. At first, Divya does not accept Chandrakumar and feels unhappy in her new life. But slowly, she begins to understand his kindness and care. Over time, they develop a deep bond, and Divya learns to move on from her past and embrace her present.

## Cast

* Mohan as Chandrakumar
* Revathi as Divya
* Karthik as Manohar (guest appearance)
* V. K. Ramasamy as Chandrakumar's boss
* Ra. Sankaran as Chandramouli
* Bhaskar as Divya's brother
* Kanchana as the lawyer
* Vani as Janaki
* Kalaiselvi as Divya's sister
* Sonia as Divya's sister
* John Babu as a dancer in the song "Panivizhum Iravu"
* Malini Vaman as a dancer in "Panivizhum Iravu"
* Prabhu Deva as the flute player in "Panivizhum Iravu"
# Narasimha

Narasimha disemboweling Hiranyakashipu before Prahlada
In Hinduism, Narasimha is the fourth avatara of Vishnu in Dashavatara. In this form, Vishnu had the body of a human, but he had a head of a lion. This incarnation of Vishnu is also a symbol of great strength and power.

Narasimha totally disemboweling Hiranyakashipu sculpture
The Hindu scriptures tell this story about Narashimha. There was a demon (a *daitya*) named Hiranyakashipu. He was against all gods and goddesses. But, his son named Prahlada used to worship the god Vishnu. Hiranyakashipu was not happy at his son and wanted to burn him to death. Hiranyakashipu also wanted to kill everyone who worshipped the gods and goddesses and make everyone worship him instead. Vishnu became Narasimha, and protected Prahlada and other people who worshipped the gods and goddesses by stopping Hiranyakashipu. Brahma had granted Hiranyakashipu a boon that kept him safe so that he could not be killed by a human, animal, deva. He also could not be killed in the morning or night, or inside or outside of his palace. This made Hiranyakashipu believe that no one could kill him. When he wanted to kill his son for worshiping Vishnu, Vishnu came to earth incarnated as a half-human, half-lion animal (neither human animal nor non-human being). This way, Vishnu killed Hiranyakashipu by disimboweling him to death in the twilight (neither morning, nor night) time on that day and sitting on the porch of the palace (neither inside, nor outside), without disrupting the boon given to him by Brahma. Lakshmi, Sarasvati, Shiva, Parvati, Indra, Shachi, all the total other gods, all the total other goddesses celebrated this. Now, Narasimha Jayanti is celebrated across the world.
# Jean-Claude Carrière

| Jean-Claude Carrière |
| --- |
| Jean-Claude Carrière in 2008 |
| Born | (1931-09-17)17 September 1931 Colombières-sur-Orb, France |
| Died | 8 February 2021(2021-02-08) (aged 89) Paris, France |
| Occupation(s) | Novelist, screenwriter, actor, director |
| Years active | 1957–2021 |

**Jean-Claude Carrière** (French: [ka.ʁjɛʁ]; 17 September 1931 – 8 February 2021) was a French novelist, screenwriter, actor, and an Academy Award honoree. He was president of La Fémis, the French state film school. Carrière was known for his works with Luis Buñuel on the screenplays of Buñuel's late French movies.

Carrière died in Paris on 8 February 2021, aged 89.
# Kherwal Soren

| Kalipada Soren |
| --- |
| Born | 9 December 1957 |
| Occupation | Writer |
| Language | Santali,Bengali |
| Nationality | Indian |
| Education | UG (Seva Bharati Mahavidyalay a) ,M. A(Political Science) Rabindra Bharati University |
| Notable awards | Padma Shree (2022) , Sahityakaar Academi Awards, Sarada Prasaad Kisku Award |

**Kherwal Soren** (born 9 December 1957) or **Kalipada Soren** is a Santhali playwright and editor. He is a Santali Author.

## Career

Kherwal Soren, born as Kalipada Soren in 1957 at Raghunathpur near Jhargram in West Bengal, graduated from Seva Bharati Mahavidyalaya and passed M.A in Political Science from Rabindra Bharati University. He regularly edits a literary magazine *Kherwal Jaher*. Soren has written 31 plays and a number of stories and poems in the Santhali language. He translated *Anubhab*, a Bengali novel of Dibyendu Palit into Santhali. He received the Sarada Prasad Kisku award for his literary contribution. He retired from State Bank of India. In 2007, Soren was awarded the Sahitya Akademi for his play *Chet Re Cikayana*. He was conferred the Padma Shri award in 2022.
# Ganeshwar Shastri Dravid

| Ganeshwar Shastri Dravid |
| --- |
| Born | Varanasi, Uttar Pradesh, India |
| Occupation(s) | Vedic scholar, astrologer |
| Known for | Vedic astrology, determining muhurta for Ram Mandir consecration |
| Awards | Padma Shri (2025) |

**Pandit Ganeshwar Shastri Dravid** is an Indian Vedic scholar, astrologer, and Sanskrit teacher from Kashi (Varanasi) in Uttar Pradesh. He is known for his work in Vedic studies, Hindu rituals, and astrology. In 2025, he received the Padma Shri, india’s 4th highest civilian awards, for his contribution to literature and education.
# Tushar Durgeshbhai Shukla

| Tushar Durgeshbhai Shukla |
| --- |
|  |
| Born |  (1955-06-29) 29 June 1955 Ahmedabad, Gujarat, India |
| Education | Master's degree in Gujarati and English literature (Gujarat University), LLB |
| Alma mater | St. Xavier's College, Ahmedabad, Gujarat University |
| Occupation(s) | Poet and author |
| Awards | Padma Shri (2025) |

**Tushar Durgeshbhai Shukla** (born 29 June 1955) is an Indian poet, writer, and media personality. He is known for his work in Gujarati literature and for promoting Gujarati language and culture. In 2025, he received the Padma Shri, one of India’s highest civilian awards, for his contribution to literature and education.

## Early life and education

Tushar Shukla was born into a family with a strong interest in literature. His father, Durgesh Shukla, was a Gujarati playwright, writer, and poet. He studied in the Gujarati medium at Swastik Shishu Vihar School in Ahmedabad. He later studied Gujarati and English literature at St. Xavier’s College, Ahmedabad, and completed a master’s degree at the School of Languages, Gujarat University. He also earned a law degree (LLB), but did not work as a lawyer.

## Selected works

* *Tari Hatheli Ne* (Poetry)
* *Maaro Varsad* (Poetry)
* *Puchhine Thay Nahi Prem* (Poetry)