Rikunarita-ORG/Wikinium huggingface dataset:
# Vijay (actor)

| Vijay |
| --- |
|  |
| President of the Tamilaga Vettri Kazhagam |
| **Incumbent** |
| **Assumed office**  2 February 2024 (2024-02-02) |
| Preceded by | *Position established* |
|  |
| Personal details |
| Born | Joseph Vijay Chandrasekhar  (1974-06-22) 22 June 1974 Madras, Tamil Nadu, India |
| Political party | Tamilaga Vettri Kazhagam (2024‍–‍present) |
| Spouse(s) |
Sangeeta ​(m. 1999)​ |
| Children | 2 |
| Mother | Shoba Chandrasekhar |
| Father | S. A. Chandrasekhar |
| Relatives | See Chandrasekhar family |
| Residence | Chennai, Tamil Nadu, India |
| Education | Loyola College, Chennai (dropped out) |
| Occupation | * Actor
* singer
* politician
 |
| Awards | Full list |

**Vijay** (born **Joseph Vijay Chandrasekhar** on 22 June 1974) is an Indian actor, playback singer, and dancer. He works primarily in Tamil cinema. He is one of the most popular and highest-paid actors in India. He has a huge fan following. As of February 2024, Vijay has announced his retirement from movies and his entry into politics with the launch of Tamilaga Vettri Kazhagam.

## Early life

Vijay was born on 22 June 1974 in Chennai. His father, S. A. Chandrasekhar, is a movie director. His mother, Shoba Chandrasekhar, is a playback singer—a type of singer that sings for movies. He attended Loyola College. He did not finish his degree because he wanted to focus on acting.

## Movie career

Vijay started his acting career as a child in a few movies directed by his father. His first lead role as an adult was in the movie *Naalaiya Theerpu* (1992). Though his early movies did not do very well, he gained success with movies like *Poove Unakkaga* (1996), which made him popular.

He became a big star with hit movies like *Kadhalukku Mariyadhai* (1997), *Thulladha Manamum Thullum* (1999), and *Ghilli* (2004). From *Thirumalai* (2003) onwards, Vijay has transitioned from the romance genre to the action genre in his film career. Over the years, Vijay has acted in many blockbuster movies, including *Thuppakki* (2012), *Mersal* (2017), *Sarkar* (2018), *Bigil* (2019), and *Master* (2021). His movies often include a mix of action, romance, and social messages, which appeal to a wide audience.

## Personal life

Vijay is married to Sangeetha Sornalingam. They have two children, Jason Sanjay and Divya Saasha.

## Awards and recognition

Vijay has received several awards for his performances, including Tamil Nadu State Film Awards and Filmfare Awards South. He is also one of the most influential actors in Tamil cinema, and his movies often do well at the box office.

## Philanthropy

Vijay is involved in several charity activities. He runs the Vijay Makkal Iyakkam, a social welfare organization. He helps people through his organization, especially in times of need, such as during natural disasters.

## Other websites

* Vijay on IMDb
# Kadaikutty Singam

| Kadaikutty Singam |
| --- |
| Directed by | Pandiraj |
| Written by | Pandiraj |
| Produced by | Suriya |
| Starring | Karthi Sathyaraj Sayyeshaa Priya Bhavani Shankar Arthana Binu |
| Cinematography | Velraj |
| Edited by | Ruben |
| Music by | D. Imman |
| Production company | 2D Entertainment |
| Distributed by | Sakthi Film Factory |
| Release date | * 13 July 2018 (2018-07-13)
 |
| Running time | 149 minutes |
| Country | India |
| Language | Tamil  |

Kadaikutty Singam (Youngest lion) is a 2018 Indian Tamil language movie. Pandiraj wrote and directed the movie. Suriya produced the movie for his studio 2D Entertainment. The movie stars Karthi and Sayyeshaa. The movie was also released in Telugu as *Chinna Babu*. The movie was released on 13 July 2018.

## Other websites

* *Kadaikutty Singam* on IMDb
# National Film Awards

| National Film Awards |
| --- |
| *Current: 70th National Film Awards* |
| Vigyan Bhawan, where the National Film Awards are presented annually. |
| Awarded for | Excellence in cinematic achievements for Indian cinema |
| Location | Vigyan Bhawan, New Delhi |
| Country | India |
| Presented by | National Film Development Corporation |
| First awarded | 10 October 1954 (1954-10-10) |
| Last awarded | 16 August 2024 (2024-08-16) |
| Website | nfaindia.org |

The **National Film Awards** are awards for artistic and technical merit given for excellence within the Indian film industry.

## Other websites

* Official website
* National Film Awards at IMDb
# Roja (movie)

**Roja** is a 1992 Indian Tamil-language romantic thriller movie directed by Mani Ratnam. It stars Arvind Swamy and Madhoo in the lead roles. Notably, this is also the first film where the legendary A.R. Rahman composed the music. It was released on August 15, 1992, coinciding with Indian Independence Day and received positive reviews and became a blockbuster upon release. A.R. Rahman won awards for his debut as a music composer and best music direction. The movie itself won an award for best film. It was later dubbed into Hindi, Telugu, Malayalam, and Marathi with the same name.

## Cast

* Arvind Swamy as Rishi Kumar
* Madhubala as Roja
* Nassar as Colonel Rayappa
* Janagaraj as Achu Maharaj
* Pankaj Kapur as Liaqat
* Shiva Rindani as Wasim Khan
* Vaishnavi Aravind as Shenbagam
* C. K. Saraswathi as one of the village seniors
* Vijaya Chandrika as Roja's mother
* Sathyapriya as Rishi's mother
* Vatsala Rajagopal as Roja's paternal grandmother
* Sujitha as Chinna Ponnu
* S. V. Venkatraman as Chandramoorthy, Rishi Kumar's chief and RAW official
* Nirmala Periyasamy as Newsreader
* Rangammal
* Manikandan. G. as Liaqat's brother
* Padmini as Liaqat's sister
* Raju Sundaram (special appearance in the song "Rukmini")
# Kannada cinema

**Kannada cinema** is movies made in the Indian state of Karnataka. Most of the movies are made in the Kannada language. Some are in Konkani or Tulu languages. This part of the Indian film industry is also called **Sandalwood**.

Kannada cinema started in the early 1930s. The first talkie movie was Sati Sulochana, released in 1934. Since then, the industry has grown with many famous actors, directors and musicians. Over the years, Kannada films have won national and international awards for their strong stories and performances.

Modern Kannada movies are known for creative storytelling, good music and new ideas. Some popular Kannada actors like Dr. Rajkumar, Vishnuvardhan, Puneeth Rajkumar, Sudeep and Yash have become famous across India. The movie KGF: Chapter 1 and Chapter 2 helped bring more attention to Kannada cinema around the world.

Many Kannada films are made every year and cover different topics like family, love, action and history. Movies like Mungaru Male, Lucia, Ugramm, Kantara, and 777 Charlie have been praised by both critics and audiences. These films helped Kannada cinema become popular even outside Karnataka.

Kannada cinema has received many awards from the Indian government. Some movies have won the National Film Award for Best Feature Film. Actors like Dr. Rajkumar have been honored with important awards like the Dadasaheb Phalke Award. These awards show the value and talent of Kannada filmmakers and artists.
# Anirudh Ravichander

| Anirudh Ravichander |
| --- |
|  |
| Background information |
| Born |  (1990-10-16) 16 October 1990 Madras, Tamil Nadu, India |
| Occupation(s) | * Singer
* Composer
* Music producer
 |
| Instruments | * Vocals
* keyboards
 |
| Years active | 2011–present |
| Labels | * Sony Music
* Aditya
* Zee Music
* Wunderbar
* Eros
* Divo
* T-Series
* Sun pictures
 |

**Anirudh Ravichander**, also known by his first name as **Anirudh**, is an Indian singer and music composer who mainly works for Tamil film industry. Ravichander made his career debut when he composed music for the romantic drama film *3* (2012). Throughout his career he has composed many notable songs, for which he has won awards.

## Biography

Anirudh Ravichander is the son of Indian actor Ravichander "Ravi" Raghavendra and classical dancer Lakshmi Ravichander. He is the nephew of Latha Rajinikanth, thus making Aishwarya, Soundarya and Hrishikesh his cousins and Rajinikanth his uncle. Anirudh's great-grandfather was the director Krishnaswami Subrahmanyam, a filmmaker in the 1930s.
# Judge

A cartoon of a judge (right) giving a punishment to a man (left)
Japanese judges in the 1930s
A **judge** is a person who is in control of a court of law.

The way to become a judge depends on each country. In some countries, judges must work with the law (often as a lawyer) for a number of years before they can "sit as a judge" in a courthouse. Judges are required to conduct the trial in an open courtroom and impartially.

In many English speaking countries, judges cannot make some decisions on their own. In these countries, juries are used, but not for all cases. The modern jury trial first developed in mid-12th century England during the reign of Henry II. Today, the details differ between one country and another.

If there is a jury, the judge has the job of making sure the person taken to court is treated in a fair way. Some courts will have more than one judge. For important decisions about the laws of a country, countries may have a *supreme court* or *high court* with many (nine or more) judges in it. In the United States, judges on a supreme court are called *justices* and are led by a *Chief Justice*.

In many countries, judges wear special clothes while being in court. Often this is a black robe or cloak. Supreme or High Court judges often wear a red cloak. Judges in some countries also wear a special long wig. They also used to put a piece of black material on their head when they sentenced a person to die.
# Ayushmann Khurrana

| Ayushmann Khurrana |
| --- |
| Khurrana in 2022 |
| Born | Nishant Khurrana  (1984-09-14) 14 September 1984 Chandigarh, India |
| Alma mater | DAV College Panjab University |
| Occupation(s) | Actor, singer |
| Years active | 2012–present |
| Spouse |
Tahira Kashyap ​(m. 2008)​ |
| Children | 2 |
| Relatives | Aparshakti Khurana (brother) |

**Ayushmann Khurrana** (born **Nishant Khurrana** on 14 September 1984) is an Indian actor and singer. He works in Hindi-language movies. He has gotten many awards, including one National Film Award and four Filmfare Awards. He is known for his roles in *Bareilly Ki Barfi* (2017), *Shubh Mangal Saavdhan* (2017), *Andhadhun* (2018), *Badhaai Ho* (2018), *Dream Girl* (2019), and *Bala* (2019), and *Article 15* (2019).

He was raised a Hindu and is now a Buddhist.

In 2008 Khurrana married his best friend from childhood, Tahira Kashyap, who is a filmmaker (someone who makes movies). They have a son and daughter together.

He also has a younger brother named Aparshakti Khurana, who is also an actor.
# Hariprasad Chaurasia

**Hariprasad Chaurasia** (born 1 July 1938) is an Indian music director and classical flautist. He plays the flute, in the Hindustani classical tradition. Chaurasia was born in Allahabad, United Provinces, British India. He was known for being part of the duo Shiv–Hari with Shivkumar Sharma. His career began in 1957. Some of the best known music he composed for movies were *Faasle* (1985), *Chandni* (1989), *Lamhe* (1991), and *Darr* (1993).
# Arjan Singh

Singh in 2015
Marshal of the Indian Air Force **Arjan Singh**, DFC (15 April 1919 – 16 September 2017) was an Indian Air Force Officer. He served as Chief of the Air Staff from 1964 to 1969. He was born in Lyallpur, Punjab, British India (now Faisalabad, Pakistan).

After retiring from the IAF, he served as a diplomat, politician and advisor to the Indian government. In 2002, he became the first and only officer of the Indian Air Force to be promoted to five-star rank as Marshal of the Indian Air Force, equal to the army rank of Field Marshal.

In 1971 (after his retirement) Singh was appointed as the Indian Ambassador to Switzerland. He concurrently served as the Ambassador to the Vatican. He was also appointed as the High Commissioner to Kenya in 1974.

Singh died of a heart attack on 16 September 2017 in New Delhi, India at the age of 98.

## Other websites

* Marshal of the Air Force Arjan Singh - Indian Air Force Official Website
* Marshal of the Air Force Arjan Singh
* Book on Arjan Singh: Marshal of The Indian Air Force (Hardcover)
* Book review on Arjan Singh: Marshal of The Indian Air Force
* Article on Marshal of The Indian Air Force Arjan Singh Archived 2007-10-25 at the Wayback Machine
* Photograph of Arjan Singh today Archived 2016-07-31 at the Wayback Machine
# P. N. Bhagwati

| P. N. Bhagwati |
| --- |
|  |
| 17th Chief Justice of India |
| **In office** 12 July 1985 – 20 December 1986 |
| Appointed by | Giani Zail Singh |
| Preceded by | Y. V. Chandrachud |
| Succeeded by | R. S. Pathak |
| Chief Justice, Gujarat High Court |
| **In office** 16 August 1967 – 17 July 1973 |
|  |
| Personal details |
| Born | (1921-12-21)21 December 1921 Hyderabad, India |
| Died | 15 June 2017(2017-06-15) (aged 95) New Delhi, India |

**Prafullachandra Natwarlal Bhagwati** (21 December 1921 – 15 June 2017) was an Indian judge. He was the 17th Chief Justice of India, serving from 12 July 1985 until his retirement on 20 December 1986. He introduced the concepts of Public Interest Litigation and Absolute liability in India, and for this reason is held along with Justice V. R. Krishna Iyer, to be a pioneer of judicial activism in the country.

Bhagwati died on 15 June 2017 at the age of 95 at New Delhi, India from renal failure.

## Other websites

* P. N. Bhagwati, Brief biography at Supreme Court of India
# Zakir Husain

| Zakir Husain Khan |
| --- |
| Official Portrait, 1967 |
|  |
| 3rd President of India |
| **In office** 13 May 1967 – 3 May 1969 |
| Prime Minister | Indira Gandhi |
| Vice President | Varahagiri Venkata Giri |
| Preceded by | Sarvepalli Radhakrishnan |
| Succeeded by | Varahagiri Venkata Giri (Acting) |
| 2nd Vice President of India |
| **In office** 13 May 1962 – 12 May 1967 |
| President | Sarvepalli Radhakrishnan |
| Prime Minister | Jawaharlal Nehru Lal Bahadur Shastri Indira Gandhi |
| Preceded by | Sarvepalli Radhakrishnan |
| Succeeded by | Varahagiri Venkata Giri |
| 4th Governor of Bihar |
| **In office** 6 July 1957 – 11 May 1962 |
| Chief Minister | Krishna Sinha Deep Narayan Singh |
| Preceded by | R. R. Diwakar |
| Succeeded by | Madabhushi Ananthasayanam Ayyangar |
| Member of Parliament, Rajya Sabha (Nominated) |
| **In office** 3 April 1952 – 2 April 1962 |
|  |
| Personal details |
| Born | (1897-02-08)8 February 1897 Hyderabad, Andhra Pradesh, Present Telangana
India |
| Died | 3 May 1969(1969-05-03) (aged 72) New Delhi, India |
| Political party | Independent |
| Spouse(s) | Shah Jahan Begum |
| Children | 2 |
| Alma mater | University of Lucknow Mohammedan Anglo-Oriental College Aligarh (MA) University of Berlin (PhD) |
| Awards | Bharat Ratna (1963) Padma Vibhushan |

**Zakir Husain** (8 February 1897 – 3 May 1969) was the 3rd President of India. He was the first Muslim president of the Indian nation and also the first to die in office. Zakir Husain was the shortest serving president of India. He previously served as the second Vice-President of India and Governor of Bihar. Zakir Husain was also the co-founder of Jamia Milia Islamia. He served as its Vice-Chancellor. Under Husain, Jamia became closely to the Indian freedom movement.

## Career of serving the nation

Zakir Husain was born in Hyderabad, Telangana in 8 February 1897. He became the Governor of Bihar in 1957 to 1962. Later he became the 2nd Vice President of India after Sarvepalli Radhakrishnan. He served in the post from 13 May 1962 to 12 May 1967.In 13 May 1967 he was elected as the 3rd President of India after Sarvepalli Radhakrishnan.He was the first Muslim President of India. But his term was short-lived. He died in New Delhi on 3 May 1969 and became the first President to die in the office period.
# Viswanathan Anand

| Viswanathan Anand |
| --- |
| Anand in 2016 |
| Full name | Viswanathan Anand |
| Country |  India |
| Title | Grandmaster (1988) |
| World Champion | 2000–2008
(FIDE) 2007–2013 (undisputed) |
| FIDE rating | 2784 #8 on Jan 2016 FIDE rating list |
| Peak rating | 2817 (March 2011) |

**Viswanathan Anand**, known as *Vishy*, (born 11 December 1969) is a former World Chess
Champion. He comes from India. Anand is the oldest player in modern times to become classical World Champion for the first time: he was 37 when he won in 2007.

When the world championship was split, Anand played in both versions. In the classical chess versions, sometimes called the "PCA cycle", Anand won matches against Oleg Romanishin and Michael Adams without a loss, then avenged his FIDE loss by defeating Gata Kamsky in the Candidates final. In 1995, he played the PCA World Chess Championship 1995 against Kasparov in New York City's World Trade Center. After an opening run of eight draws (a record for the opening of a world championship match), Anand won game nine with a powerful exchange sacrifice, but then lost four of the next five. He lost the match 10½–7½.

Anand held the FIDE World Chess Championship from 2000 to 2002 when the world title was split. This was a knock-out event of a different type from the classical matches. He became the undisputed World Champion in 2007 and defended his title against Vladimir Kramnik in 2008. With this win, he became the first player in chess history to have won the World Championship in three different formats: knockout, tournament, and match.

Anand retained the world title by beating Veselin Topalov 6½–5½ in May 2010. He kept the title again by defeating Boris Gelfand in 2012. This match was won in a four-game rapidplay tiebreaker, after the main match was tied at 6–6.

Anand is one of a small group of players to break the 2800 mark on the FIDE rating list, and in April 2007 at the age of 37, he became world number one for the first time. He was at the top of the world rankings five out of six times, from April 2007 to July 2008, holding the number one ranking for a total of 15 months. In October 2008, he dropped out of the world top three ranking for the first time since July 1996.

In 2007 he was awarded India's second highest civilian award, the Padma Vibhushan. He is also the first recipient of Rajiv Gandhi Khel Ratna Award in 1991–92, India's highest sporting honour. Though retaining his Indian citizenship, Vishy has been living in Spain for the past decade.

Anand lost the title to Magnus Carlsen in 2013, and also lost the return match in 2014 by 4½ to 6½.
# Yoshirō Mori

| His Excellency Yoshiro Mori |
| --- |
| 森 喜朗 |
|  |
|  |
| 55th Prime Minister of Japan |
| **In office** 5 April 2000 – 26 April 2001 |
| Monarch | Akihito |
| Preceded by | Mikio Aoki (acting) |
| Succeeded by | Junichiro Koizumi |
| Minister of Construction |
| **In office** 8 August 1995 – 11 January 1996 |
| Prime Minister | Tomiichi Murayama |
| Preceded by | Koken Nosaka |
| Succeeded by | Eiichi Nakao |
| Minister of International Trade and Industry |
| **In office** 12 December 1992 – 20 July 1993 |
| Prime Minister | Kiichi Miyazawa |
| Preceded by | Kozo Watanabe |
| Succeeded by | Hiroshi Kumagai |
| Minister of Education |
| **In office** 27 December 1983 – 1 November 1984 |
| Prime Minister | Yasuhiro Nakasone |
| Preceded by | Mitsuo Setoyama |
| Succeeded by | Hikaru Matsunaga |
| President of the Tokyo Organising Committee of the Olympic and Paralympic Games |
| **Incumbent** |
| **Assumed office**  21 August 2016 |
| Leader | Thomas Bach |
| Preceded by | Carlos Arthur Nuzman |
| Succeeded by | Tony Estanguet |
| President of the Tokyo Organising Committee of the Olympic and Paralympic Games |
| **Incumbent** |
| **Assumed office**  24 January 2014 |
| Preceded by | *Committee established* |
|  |
| Personal details |
| Born |  (1937-07-14) 14 July 1937 Nomi, Ishikawa, Japan |
| Political party | Liberal Democratic |
| Spouse(s) | Chieko Maki |
| Children | Yūki Mori Yoko Fujimoto |
| Alma mater | Waseda University |
| Website | Yoshiro Mori WebSite |

**Yoshirō Mori** (森 喜朗, *Mori Yoshirō*; born 14 July 1937) is a Japanese politician. He was the 85th and 86th Prime Minister of Japan from 5 April 2000 until 26 April 2001. Mori has been described as having "the heart of a flea and the brain of a shark,". He was not a well liked prime minister. Mori is mainly remembered today for his many gaffes. He is currently President of the Japan Rugby Football Union as well as the Japan-Korea Parliamentarians' Union.

In 2014, he was appointed to be in charge of the organizing committee for the 2020 Summer Olympics and Paralympics. He resigned in February 2021 after he made some sexist comments at a committee meeting.
# Chenda

The **Chanda** (Malayalam: ചെണ്ട, [tʃeɳʈa]) is a cylindrical percussion instrument used widely in the state of Kerala, Tulu Nadu of Karnataka and Tamil Nadu in India. In Tulu Nadu (Coastal Karnataka), it is known as *chende*. It is greatly identified as a cultural element in Kerala.

## Sound

This instrument is famous for its loud and rigid sound. A Chenda has two sides, the left side called "Edamthala" (ഇടം തല)(Left Head) and the right side "Valamthala" (വലം തല)(Right Head). The "Edamthala" is made of only one/two layer of cow skin and the "Valamthala" will have a five/seven layer skin, so as to have a bass sound. The skin are dried in the shade and fastened on wooden rings (Chenda Vattam, ചെണ്ട വട്ടം) made of the trunk of a locally available palm tree (Eeranpana) or bamboo, using a gum prepared from the seed of a tree called "pananchi maram". The circular frame is kept in a vessel, boiled for an entire day and then bent in the form of circle and dried. The body of the Chenda which is 1 ft in diameter and 1.5 inches thickness is made of the soft wood of the jackfruit tree (വരിക്ക പ്ലാവ്) (Varikka Plavu). The thickness is again reduced by 0.25 inches, at simultaneous points separated by 4 inches. This is done in order to produce highly resonating sound. Only the wooden rings with the skin (Chenda Vattam) is replaced once the quality of the sound is not up to the mark. For regular Chenda artists an average of 15 rings are required every year.

## Usage

The Chenda is mainly played in Hindu temple festivals and as an accompaniment in the religious art forms of Kerala. The chenda is used as an accompaniment for Kathakali, Koodiyattam, Kannyar Kali, Theyyam and among many forms of dances and rituals in Kerala. It is also played in a dance-drama called Yakshagana (Tenku Thittu) which is popular in Tulu Nadu in Karnataka. There is a variant of this instrument used in northern school of Yakshagana called Chande. It is traditionally considered to be an *Asura Vadyam* ((demonic instrument)) which means it cannot go in harmony. Chenda is an inevitable musical instrument in all form of cultural activities in Kerala.

## Making

In Kerala the craft of making Chenda is now associated with some few "Perumkollan" (smith) families at Peruvembu, Nemmara, Lakkidi, Vellarkad and Valappaya villages. Many famous Chenda percussionists in Kerala make their Chendas from Vellarkad village for it is famous for the quality of the instrument.
# Balabhaskar

**Balabhaskar Chandran** (10 July 1978 – 2 October 2018) was an Indian violinist, composer and record producer. He was born in Thiruvananthapuram, Kerala, India. He was best known for promoting fusion music in South India.

He had composed the soundtrack for the Malayalam movie *Mangalya Pallakku*, and was the youngest music composer to have worked in the industry. His compositions for the albums *Ninakaai* and *Aadyamai* are still among the most-sought-after romantic song collections.

He won the Bismillah Khan Yuva Sangeetkaar Puraskaar in 2008.

Balabhaskar died on 2 October 2018 of a heart attack caused by injuries from a car crash he suffered a week earlier, aged 40.vshdhsa<html>