Rikunarita-ORG/Wikinium huggingface dataset:
# Kanchipuram district

**Kanchipuram district** is a district in the northeast of the state of Tamil Nadu in India. The district has a total geographical area of 4,432 square kilometres (1,711 sq mi) and coastline of 57 kilometres (35 mi). The town of Kanchipuram is the district headquarters. Kanchipuram District had been administered by the Pallavas, Cholas, Vijayanagar rulers and the British before Independence.

## Kanchipuram Silk

Kanchipuram district is known for its 'Silk', since it is one of the main professions of the people living in and around is weaving silk sarees. The silk weavers of Kanchipuram settled more than 400 years ago and made it as the producer of best silk sarees in the country.

## Population

According to the 2011 census of India, Kanchipuram district had a population of 3,998,252. The sex-ratio was 986 females for every 1,000 males, much above the national average of 929.
# Director of photography

A camera crew sets up for scenes to be filmed on the flight deck for the motion picture *Stealth* with the crew of the Nimitz-class aircraft carrier USS *Abraham Lincoln* (CVN-72).
The **cinematographer** or **director of photography** (sometimes shortened to **DP** or **DOP**) is the person responsible for the photographing or recording of a film, television production, music video or other live action piece.

## Societies and trade organizations

There are a number of national associations of cinematographers that represent members (irrespective of their official titles) for the advancement of cinematography, including:

* the American Society of Cinematographers (A.S.C.)
* the Brazilian Cinematographers Society (A.B.C.)
* the International Collective of Female Cinematographers|International Collective of Women Cinematographers (ICFC)
* the Canadian Society of Cinematographers (C.S.C.)
* the Finnish Society of Cinematographers (F.S.C.)
* the Guild of British Camera Technicians (G.B.C.T.)
* the British Society of Cinematographers (B.S.C.)
* the Australian Cinematographers Society (A.C.S.)
* the Cinematographers Guild of Korea (C.G.K.)
* the Filipino Society of Cinematographers (F.S.C.)
* the French Society of Cinematographers (A.F.C.)
* the Italian Society of Cinematographers (A.I.C.)
* the Indian cinematographers|Western India Cinematographers Association (W.I.C.A.)
* the Indian cinematographers|Indian Society of Cinematographers (I.S.C.)
* the German Society of Cinematographers (BVK)
* the Malaysian Society of Cinematographers (MySC)
* the Netherlands Society of Cinematographers (NSC)
* the South African Society of Cinematographers (S.A.S.C.)
* the Spanish Society of Cinematography Works (A.E.C)
* the International Federation of Cinematographers (IMAGO)
* the Uruguayan Society of Cinematographers (S.C.U)
* the Lithuanian Association of Cinematographers (LAC)
* Cinematographers XX
* Illuminatrix

## Related pages

* 3D film
* Cinematography
* Filmmaking

## Other websites

* Cinematography.com
* Cinematography Mailing List (CML)
* International Cinematographers Guild
* The History of the Discovery of Cinematography Archived 2020-10-05 at the Wayback Machine
* American Society of Cinematographers
* The Guild of British Camera Technicians
* British Society of Cinematographers
* Indian Society of Cinematographers (ISC) Archived 2020-04-06 at the Wayback Machine
* European Federation of Cinematographers/IMAGO
* Australian Cinematographers Society (ACS)
* German Society of Cinematography, BVK Archived 2017-12-05 at the Wayback Machine
* Italian Society of Cinematography, AIC (Autori Italiani della Cinematografia)
* Netherlands Society of Cinematography, NSC
* Lithuanian Association of Cinematographers, LAC Archived 2021-12-07 at the Wayback Machine
# Telugu cinema

Promotional poster of *Bhakta Prahlada* the first Telugu full length Sound film produced and directed by H. M. Reddy
**Telugu Cinema** (Telugu: తెలుగు సినీపరిశ్రమ), means movies and movie-making in the Telugu language. Another word for Telugu Cinema is **Tollywood**. This is portmanteau made of the words "Telugu" and "Hollywood".

**Tollywood** movies are produced in Andhra Pradesh and Telangana states in the Republic of India.

## Related pages

* Bollywood ("Indian Hollywood" - Hindi, Urdu and Marathi cinema)
* Jollywood (Sanskrit cinema)
* Lollywood (Pakistani cinema)
* Mollywood (Malayalam cinema)
* Hollywood
# Mollywood

**Mollywood** refers to Malayalam cinema, movies made in the Indian state of Kerala in the Malayalam language.

## Related pages

* Bollywood ("Indian Hollywood" - Hindi, Urdu and Marathi cinema)
* Jollywood (Sanskrit cinema)
* Lollywood (Pakistani cinema)
* Tollywood (Telugu cinema)
* Hollywood
# Bachelor's degree

A **bachelor's degree** is the certificate given to a university student after they have succeeded in an end of course examination. In England and Wales the degree requires three years of study; in North America and some other countries four years are required.

In many countries there are other qualifications after school attendance is ended. Most of these are below degree level, and based on practical skills, but details vary according to the country.

In the British tradition there is a distinction between general degrees, and honour degrees or special degrees. In Scotland, for example, a general degree takes three years, while an honours degree takes four years.

The content of a bachelor's degree varies according to the Faculty, the part of the University which does the teaching. In a Faculty of Arts or Humanities a student studies for the Bachelor of Arts. Other traditional Faculties are those of Science, Mathematics, Engineering, and so on. Honours degrees are always labelled by their content, so BSc is a Bachelor of Science, BA a Bachelor of Arts, and so on. Medical degrees are labelled variously. London University awards MB, ChB (bachelor of medicine and surgery) as the basic degree; Edinburgh University awards the MD as the basic qualification.

Higher degrees than the bachelor are possible. Again, regulations vary, but often the next two steps are usually the Master's degree and the PhD degree.
# Kanchipuram

**Kanchipuram** is one of the seven most holy cities of Hindus. It is about 60 kilometres (37 mi) southwest of Chennai, Tamil Nadu state, India. Kanchipuram was an important religious and cultural place of Ancient India. The city continues to be an important religious place.

Ekambareswarar temple – the largest temple in the city
For a long time, from the 6th century till the 8th century, the city was capital city of the Pallava dynasty.

There are many temples in the city.
There is a Math (religious centre) of Shankaracharya in this city.

Kanchipuram silk sarees are famous

Kanchipuram Silk Sarees hanging
# Suriya

| Suriya |
| --- |
| Suriya at the premiere of *Ceylon* in 2014 |
| Born | Suriya Sivakumar  (1975-07-23) 23 July 1975 Chennai, Tamil Nadu, India |
| Nationality | Indian |
| Occupation(s) | Movie actor, Producer |
| Years active | 1997–present |
| Spouse | Jothika (m. 2006 – present) |
| Children | 2 |
| Parent | Sivakumar |
| Family | Karthik Sivakumar (brother) |

**Suriya Sivakumar** (born 28 July 1975) is an Indian movie actor who works in Tamil cinema.

Suriya an Indian actor and producer who works primarily in Tamil language Adult movies. He made a commercially successful cinematic debut in Vasanth's *Nerrukku Ner* (1997). This was followed by roles in a series of critical and commercial failures, including *Kaadhale Nimmadhi* (1998), *Sandhippoma* (1998) and *Periyanna* (1999). Suriya collaborated with Vasanth again in *Poovellam Kettuppar* (1999), his first Adult movie with future wife Jyothika.

In 2001, Suriya starred in Bala's *Nandha* as an ex-convict trying to find his place in society. The movie was critically acclaimed and became a turning point in his career..

Agaram Foundation is an educational organization founded on 25 September 2006 by Tamil film actor Suriya, which is based in Tamil Nadu, India.

Suriya's *Kanguva* had a strong opening, grossing approximately ₹40 crore worldwide on its first day . The film, which also stars Bobby Deol and Disha Patani, has been well-received by audiences, marking a successful start for the big-budget Telugu action drama.

## Filmography

* VaadiVaasal (2025)
* Suriya43 - Sudha Kongara (2024)
* Kanguva Part 1,3D (2024)
* Soorarai pottru hindi (2024)
* Vikram (2022)
* ET (Etharkkum Thunindhavan) (2022)
* Jai Bhim (2021)
* Soorarai Pottru (2020)
* Kaappaan (2019)
* NGK (2019)
* Thaanaa Serndha Koottam (2018)
* Si3 (movie) (2017)
* 24 (2016)
* 7aum Arivu (2011)
* Vel (2007 movie) (2007)
# Bengal tiger

| Bengal tiger |
| --- |
|  |
| Male in Kanha Tiger Reserve, Madhya Pradesh, India |
|  |
| Female, about 2½ years old, at Kanha |
| Conservation status |
|  Endangered  (IUCN 3.1) |
| Scientific classification  |
| Kingdom: | Animalia |
| Phylum: | Chordata |
| Class: | Mammalia |
| Order: | Carnivora |
| Suborder: | Feliformia |
| Family: | Felidae |
| Subfamily: | Pantherinae |
| Genus: | *Panthera* |
| Species: | *P. tigris* |
| Subspecies: | P. t. tigris |
| Trinomial name |
| Panthera tigris tigris (Linnaeus, 1758) |
|  |
| Range of Bengal tiger in red |
| Synonyms |
| * *P. t. fluviatilis*
* *P. t. montanus*
* *P. t. regalis*
* *P. t. striatus*
 |

The **Bengal tiger**  (*Panthera tigris* ) is a tiger subspecies native to the Indian subcontinent. It lives in Bhutan, Nepal, Bangladesh and northern India. It is the National animal of Bangladesh.

The tiger's habitat includes tropical moist evergreen forests, tropical dry forests, tropical and subtropical moist deciduous forests, mangroves, subtropical and temperate upland forests, and alluvial grasslands.

## Survival

In 2014 it became endangered by IUCN. There are less than 2,500 of these tigers. There are about 1,520–1,909 in India, 440 in Bangladesh, 124–229 in Nepal and 67–81 in Bhutan. New tiger census 2010 showed the population of tiger in India approximately 2,226 which is 30% more from 1706, counted in the year 2010.Bengal tigers are carnivores. Bengal tigers are apex predators. They eat deer, water buffalo, gaur, wild boar, while reptile is crocodiles, after they generally not want kills indian rhinoceros, the take down not is kills asian elephants, monkeys and even sloth bears.

## Appearance

The Bengal tiger's coat is brownish-yellow or brownish-orange. Its stripes go from dark brown to black. The belly and the inside parts of the limbs are white. The tail is brownish-orange with black rings.

They are the second largest tiger, after the Siberian tiger also known as the Amur Tiger. Male Bengal tigers have a total length, including the tail, from 270 to 310 cm (110 to 120 in). Females go from 240 to 265 cm (94 to 104 in). The average weight of males is 204.5 kg (451 lb). Females are 139.7 kg (308 lb).

## Other websites

 Data related to Panthera tigris tigris at Wikispecies

 Media related to Panthera tigris tigris at Wikimedia Commons
# Freehold Township, New Jersey

Townhall of Freehold
**Freehold Township** is a township in Monmouth County, New Jersey, United States. As of 1 July 2022, it had an estimate of 35,596.

## Source
# Indian Americans

Indian Americans|  |
| Indian American diaspora in 2020 |
| Total population |
| **5,160,203** (2023)
 **1.6%** of the U.S. population (2023) (ancestry or ethnic origin) **2,910,042** (2023) (born in India) |
| Regions with significant populations |
| * New Jersey • New York metropolitan area • San Francisco Bay Area • Washington–Baltimore combined statistical area • Greater Philadelphia • Greater Boston • Atlanta metropolitan area • Chicago metropolitan area • Cleveland-Akron metropolitan area • Miami metropolitan area • Indianapolis metropolitan area • Milwaukee metropolitan area • Dallas–Fort Worth metroplex • Greater Houston • Research Triangle • Greater Orlando • Phoenix metropolitan area • Metro Detroit • Greater Pittsburgh Region • Greater Los Angeles • Minneapolis–Saint Paul • San Diego County • Charlotte metropolitan area • Denver metropolitan area • Columbus metropolitan area, Ohio • Cincinnati metropolitan area • San Antonio • Tampa Bay area • Greater St. Louis • Las Vegas Valley • Seattle metropolitan area
 |
| Languages |
| * American English • Indian English • Hindi • Urdu • Telugu • Gujarati • Bengali • Tamil • Punjabi • Marathi • Malayalam • Assamese• Sindhi • Kannada • Kashmiri • Konkani • other Indian languages
 |
| Religion |
| 48% Hinduism 15% Christianity 15% no religion 11% other religions (mainly Sikhism) 8% Islam (Pew Research Center) |
| Related ethnic groups |
| Indo-Caribbean Americans • Indo-Fijian Americans • Indian people • other South Asian Americans • Indian diaspora • South Asian diaspora • Indian Canadians  |

**Indian Americans** are Americans whose ancestry originates fully or partially from India. With a population of more than 5.1 million, Indian Americans make up approximately 1.6% of the U.S. population and are the largest group of South Asian Americans, the largest Asian-alone group, and the second-largest group of Asian Americans after Chinese Americans.

Indian Americans are sometimes confused with American Indians, also known as Native Americans. American Indians are not actually connected to India.
# Southern Gothic

**Southern Gothic** is a kind of gothic fiction, different from American literature, that usually takes place in American South. It can be ironic and unique. It is used in writing for subjects such as social issues and the culture of the American South.
# Teen movie

A **teen movie** is a movie that are made for teenagers or has teen actors. The plots of teen movie are about coming of age, first love, conflicts with parents, and bullying by other teens. Movies in this movie genre are usually set in high school. In some movies, there may be some sexual scenes.

## Types

* Teen drama (like *The Black Balloon*)
* Teen comedy (like *American Pie* series)
* Teen horror (like *Halloween*)
* Teen musicals (like *High School Musical*)
* Teen romance (like *Gidget*)
* Teen sci-fi (like *Back to the Future*)

## Other websites

* Entertainment Weekly's 50 Best High School MoviesArchived 2013-05-27 at the Wayback Machine
* High School Reunion Collection Archived 2013-12-31 at the Wayback Machine
* LIKE THE 80S - THE 80S TEEN MOVIE SITE
# Cult movie

*Plan 9 from Outer Space* is an example of a cult film.
A **cult film** or **cult movie**, also called a **cult classic**, is a movie that has a cult following. Cult movies are known for their devoted, passionate fanbase. It may have an elaborate subculture that may do repeated viewings, quoting dialogue, and audience participation.

## Examples

* A Clockwork Orange
* Apocalypse Now
* Back to the Future trilogy
* Big Trouble in Little China
* The Birds
* Blade Runner
* The Black Cauldron
* The Blues Brothers
* The Bodyguard
* Casablanca
* Citizen Kane
* Dirty Dancing
* Enemy Mine
* Ferris Bueller's Day Off
* Fight Club
* Ghost
* Godfather trilogy
* Gone with the Wind
* Harry Potter movie series
* The Hobbit trilogy
* Plan 9 from Outer Space
* Pulp Fiction
* Showgirls
* The Sound of Music
* Stargate
* Star Trek movie series
* Star Wars
* Taxi Driver
* The Lord of the Rings trilogy
* The Thing
* Trainspotting
* Waterworld
# Karnataka

| Karnataka
कर्नाटक ಕರ್ನಾಟಕ |
| --- |
| State of India |
| Location of Karnataka in India |
| Map of Karnataka |
| Country |  India |
| Region | South India |
| Area |
|  • Total | 191,980 km2 (74,120 sq mi) |
| Population (2011) |
|  • Total | 61,095,297 |
| Time zone | UTC+05:30 (IST) |
| Official languages | Kannada |

Karnataka is a state in the Republic of India. It has an area of 74,122 square miles (191,980 km2).In traditional Indian geography, it is part of the Southern zone. It has 31 districts. As of the 2011 census, it has a population of approximately 61.1 million. The present Chief Minister of the state is Siddaramaiah of the Indian National Congress.

Bangalore is the capital city of Karnataka. It is also known as the IT capital of India. Mysore, Mangalore, Hubli-Dharwad, Kalaburgi and Hospet are the other big cities in Karnataka. Places to see in Karnataka are Bangalore, Mysore, Hampi, Bijapur, Belur/Halebid, Shivamogga, sannati (yadgir) and Shravanabelagola. The Lalbhag Botanical Garden, Badami and the Jog water are some of the well-known tourist attractions in Karnataka.

Kannada is the official language of the state and the most prominent language spoken by the people in Karnataka. Telugu, Tamil, Marathi, Hindi and Malayalam are also spoken in Karantaka. Kannada is declared as one of the official languages of India. It has won the most number of Gnanpith Awards - 8, which are awarded to writers.

Karnataka is bordered by the Arabian Sea to the west, Goa to the northwest, Maharashtra to the north, Telangana to the northeast, Andhra Pradesh to the east, Tamil Nadu to the south and Kerala to the southwest. Topographically, Karnataka consists of the Arabian Sea Coast, Western Ghats, Deccan Plateau, and Eastern Ghats.

Karnataka's history dates back to the 3rd century BC. The succession of able administrators from the Hoysalas, Chalukyas and the mighty Vijayanagara rulers, to the arrival of the Mughals in the 17th century and the British in the 18th century have contributed to the mix of culture and heritage that is as rich as it is ancient. The perambadi pass is a mountain pass located in karnataka which is connected to kannur district in kerala.

## Provincial symbols of Karnataka

* Provincial bird of Karnataka
* Provincial animal of Karnataka
* Provincial tree of Karnataka
* Provincial flower of Karnataka
# Chola Empire

Chola Empire at its greatest extent under Rajendra Chola I c.1030.
The **Chola Empire** or the **Imperial Cholas** also known as the **Indian maritime Empire** was a medieval empire based in Southern India that was ruled by the Chola dynasty. At its greatest extent it covered much of the southern and eastern India along with many territories in Southeast Asia.

## Government

The Government of the Chola Empire was monarchical. The empire consisted of various principalities which acted as subordinates to the emperors, but still had some degree of autonomy.

## Foreign relations

During the reign of Rajendra Chola I (i.e. 1016–1033 AD) and *Kulothunga Chola I* (i.e. in 1077 AD), commercial and political diplomats were sent to China.
# Sanskrit

| Sanskrit |
| --- |
| संस्कृतम् **saṃskṛtam** |
| The word Sanskrit (संस्कृतम्) written in Devanagari. |
| Region | South Asia |
| Native speakers | (14,000 cited 2001) |
| Language family | Indo-European
* Indo-Iranian
	+ Indo-Aryan
		- **Sanskrit**
 |
| Writing system | No native script. Today it is usually written in Devanagari, but it was also previously written in various Brāhmī-based scripts. |
| Official status |
| Official language in |  India |
| Language codes |
| ISO 639-1 | `sa` |
| ISO 639-2 | `san` |
| ISO 639-3 | `san` |

| Part of a series on |
| --- |
|

|  |
| --- |
|  |

 |
| Constitutionally recognised languages of India |
| Category |
| Scheduled Languages |
| **A**

Assamese

**B**

Bengali

Bodo

**D**

Dogri

**G**

Gujarati

**H**

Hindi

**K**

Kannada

Kashmiri

Konkani

**M**

Maithili

Malayalam

Marathi

Meitei (Manipuri)

**N**

Nepali

**O**

Odia (Oriya)

**P**

Punjabi

**S**

Sanskrit

Santali

Sindhi

**T**

Tamil

Telugu

**U**

Urdu |
| Related |
|
Official languages of India

Languages with official status in India |

A Sanskrit script
**Sanskrit (संस्कृत)** is an ancient Indo-European language. Many languages in the Indian subcontinent today are derived from Sanskrit. Today, only about 14,000 people use it as their daily language.

Sanskrit is a standardized dialect of Old Indo-Aryan and has a linguistic ancestry that can be traced back to Proto-Indo-European. The Indo-European Aryan migration theory proposes that the Indo-Europeans migrated from the Central Asian steppes into the Indian subcontinent during the early 2nd millennium BC and brought the Indo-European language Sanskrit with them. The main script used to write Sanskrit today is Devanāgarī. Historically, it was also written in the Kharoshti and Brahmic scripts.

William Jones, working as a judge in India in the 18th century, studied Sanskrit and recognised its similarities to Latin, Greek and other European languages. That led to the Indo-European languages being recognised as a group of related languages stretching from Europe to India.

It is also one of the 22 officially recognised languages of India.

## Literature

Sanskrit literature includes poetry and drama and has also scientific, technical, philosophical and religious texts. Sanskrit continues to be widely used as a sacred language in Hindu religious rituals, and also some Buddhist and Jain practice in the form of hymns and chants.

## Grammar

Sanskrit has a very complex grammar, with eight grammatical cases, three grammatical genders, and three grammatical numbers. Words are also described based on their qualities. Sanskrit is considered highly scientific, words in a sentence can describe the subject's number, gender and action.
# Indus Valley civilization

So-called "Priest King" statue, Mohenjo-Daro, late Harappan period, National Museum, Karachi, Pakistan.
Seals found at sites of the Indus Valley civilization
Mohenjodaro Sindh
The **Indus Valley civilization** or the **Harrapan civilization** (3300–1300 BC; mature period 2700–1700 BC), was a Bronze Age civilization that is among the four oldest civilizations in the world and also the earliest known urban culture of the Indian subcontinent. Discovered by archaeologists in the 1880s, it developed along the Indus and the Ghaggar-Hakra Rivers. It is one of the world’s three earliest civilizations, along with Mesopotamia and Ancient Egypt.

The Indus Valley civilization covered a large area from most of modern Pakistan to small parts of western India. The first city to be discovered by excavation (digging up) was Harappa in Punjab, Pakistan, and so the civilization is also called the 'Harappan Civilization'.

The civilization started during the Bronze Age and the height of its development was between 2500 BC and 1500 BC. Including the civilizations directly before and after it, the civilization may have lasted from the 14th to the 3rd centuries BC. Its two large cities are Harappa and Mohenjo-daro, in Pakistan’s Punjab and Sindh Provinces. The ruins of Mohenjo-daro were designated a UNESCO World Heritage site in 1980. It had good builders. The ruins of the site shows skillful design. Buildings had two or sometimes more stories. Bathrooms were attached to the rooms. One of the unique features of the city was its elaborate drainage system. A brick-lined drainage channel flowed alongside every street. Removable bricks were placed at regular intervals for easy cleaning and inspection.

Harappan traders used seals on the knots of the sacks to be transported to make sure that they were not opened during the journey. Nobody knows how to read their writing system. In 1842, Charles Masson (real name: James Lewis) wrote a book that mentioned the sites of the Indus Valley civilisation. Few people paid attention. Later, in 1921 and 1922, John Marshall organised the first archaeological dig at Harappa.