Rikunarita-ORG/Wikinium huggingface dataset:
# British Cameroon

| British Cameroon |
| --- |
| 1916–1961 |
|
Flag

Coat of arms

 |
| **Anthem:** "God Save the King" |
| British Cameroon in 1949. |
| Status | League of Nations mandate, then a United Nations trust territory under British rule |
| Capital | Buea |
| Common languages | English |
| Religion  | Islam Christianity |
|  |
| • 1916–???? (first) | Kenneth V. Elphinstone |
| • 1956–1961 (last) | Sir John Osbaldiston Field |
|  |
| History |   |
|  |
| • Kamerun is occupied by France and Britain.  | 1916 |
| • Treaty of Versailles : Germany renounces its rights over Kamerun  | 1919 |
| • British mandate  | 20 July 1922 |
| • Union of Northern Cameroons with Nigeria  | 31 May 1961 |
| • Union of Southern Cameroons with Cameroon  | 1 October 1961 |
| • Disestablished  | 1 October 1961 |
|  |
| Currency | British West African pound |
|

|  |  |
| --- | --- |
| **Preceded by** | **Succeeded by** |
|

|  |  |
| --- | --- |
|  | Kamerun |

 |

|  |  |
| --- | --- |
| Cameroon |  |
| Nigeria |  |

 |

 |
| Today part of | Cameroon Nigeria |

**British Cameroon** or the **British Cameroons** was a British-controlled League of Nations mandate later United Nations trust territory. The territory was originally a German protectorate known as Kamerun. During World War I, it was occupied by British, French and Belgians troops. Following the defeat of Germany, the German protectorate was placed under a League of Nations mandate entrusted to the administration of France for its eastern part and the United Kingdom for its western part.

France controlled most of the former German protectorate (four fifths of it) and was named French Cameroon, while the United Kingdom controlled the rest to the west next to Nigeria, which was under British rule since 1901.

Following the independence of Cameroon and Nigeria in 1960, a referendum was held in the British Cameroons under the supervision of the United Nations. People were asked whether they would like to achieve independence by joining Nigeria or by joining Cameroon.

The northern part of the British Cameroons (Northern Cameroons) decided to join Nigeria and the southern part of the British Cameroons (Southern Cameroons) decided to join Cameroon.

Today the Northern Cameroons forms part of the Adamawa, Borno and Taraba states of Nigeria while the Southern Cameroons forms part of the Northwest and Southwest regions of Cameroon.
# Bamenda

Bamenda
**Bamenda** is a city in northwestern Cameroon and is the capital of the Northwest Region. About 2 million people live there. It is 366 kilometres (227 mi) northwest of the Cameroonian capital, Yaoundé.
# COVID-19 pandemic in Cameroon

| COVID-19 pandemic in Cameroon |
| --- |
|  |
| Disease | COVID-19 |
| Virus strain | SARS-CoV-2 |
| Location | Cameroon |
| First outbreak | Wuhan, China |
| Index case | Yaoundé |
| Arrival date | 6 March 2020 (6 years, 3 months and 2 weeks) |
| Confirmed cases | 2,800 (as of 13 May) |
| Active cases | 1,121 (as of 13 May) |
| Recovered | 1,543 (as of 13 May) |
| Deaths | 136 (as of 13 May) |
| Territories | Bafoussam, Douala & Yaounde |

The COVID-19 pandemic was confirmed to have spread to Cameroon, Central Africa on 6 March 2020 with its first confirmed case. The infected person was a French national who arrived in the capital Yaoundé on 24 February.

The Minister of Public Health, Dr. Malachie Manaouda, revealed on 23 March that among the 16 cases tested positive that morning, 9 were from Douala, 6 in Yaoundé, and one in Bafoussam.

The total number of COVID-19 cases keep climbing up in the country. On 30 March, the Minister of Public Health announced that Cameroon had 142 active cases with 6 deaths.
# Cross River gorilla

| Cross River gorilla |
| --- |
|  |
| Conservation status |
|  Critically Endangered  (IUCN 3.1) |
| Scientific classification  |
| Kingdom: | Animalia |
| Phylum: | Chordata |
| Class: | Mammalia |
| Order: | Primates |
| Suborder: | Haplorhini |
| Infraorder: | Simiiformes |
| Family: | Hominidae |
| Subfamily: | Homininae |
| Genus: | *Gorilla* |
| Species: | *G. gorilla* |
| Subspecies: | G. g. diehli |
| Trinomial name |
| Gorilla gorilla diehli (Matschie, 1904) |
|  |
| Distribution range in yellow |

The **Cross River gorilla** (*Gorilla gorilla diehli*) is a subspecies of the western gorilla (*Gorilla gorilla*).

The Cross River gorilla was first described as a new species of Western gorilla by Paul Matschie, a mammalian taxonomist, in 1904.

According a study published by the American Museum of Natural History, the Cross River gorilla has been described as having smaller dentitions, smaller palates, smaller cranial vaults, and shorter skulls than other western gorillas.
# President of Cameroon

| President of the Republic of Cameroon Président de la République du Cameroun |
| --- |
| Coat of arms of Cameroon |
| **Incumbent Paul Biya** since 6 November 1982 |
| Term length | 7 years, renewable |
| Inaugural holder | Ahmadou Ahidjo |
| Formation | 5 May 1960 |
| Website | Official Website |

Under the current Constitution of Cameroon, the **President of Cameroon** is the head of state and has the most executive power. The authority of the State is done both by the President and by the Parliament.

The office of President of Cameroon was created in 1960, following the country's independence from France.

## List of presidents of Cameroon (1960–present)

| No. | President (Birth–Death) | Portrait | Tenure | Elected | Political affiliation | Prime Minister(s) |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| Took office | Left office | Time in office |
| **Republic of Cameroun** |
| 1 | Ahmadou Ahidjo (1909–1989) |  | 5 May 1960 | 1 October 1961 | 1 year, 149 days | – |  | UC | Himself Assalé |
| **Federal Republic of Cameroon** |
| (1) | Ahmadou Ahidjo (1909–1989) |  | 1 October 1961 | 2 June 1972 | 10 years, 245 days | 1965 1970 |  | UC / UNC |
| *East Cameroon* |
| Assalé Ahanda Tchoungui |
| *West Cameroon* |
| Foncha Jua Muna |
| **United Republic of Cameroon** |
| (1) | Ahmadou Ahidjo (1909–1989) |  | 2 June 1972 | 6 November 1982 (*resigned.*) | 10 years, 157 days | 1975 1980 |  | UNC | Biya |
| 2 | Paul Biya (1919–) |  | 6 November 1982 | 4 February 1984 | 1 year, 90 days | – |  | UNC | Maigari Ayang |
| **Republic of Cameroon** |
| (2) | Paul Biya (1919–) |  | 4 February 1984 | Incumbent | 42 years, 136 days | 1984 1988 1992 1997 2004 2011 2018 |  | UNC / RDPC | Hayatou Achu Musonge Inoni Yang Ngute |

## Other websites

* Official Website
# Assimi Goïta

| * His Excellency
* Colonel

 Assimi Goïta |
| --- |
| Goïta in July 2023 |
|  |
| 7th President of Mali |
| **Incumbent** |
| **Assumed office**  25 May 2021 |
| Prime Minister | Choguel Kokalla Maïga Abdoulaye Maïga |
| Vice President | Malick Diaw |
| Preceded by | Bah Ndaw |
| Chairman of the National Committee for the Salvation of the People |
| **Incumbent** |
| **Assumed office**  25 May 2021 |
| Deputy | Malick Diaw |
| Preceded by | Bah Ndaw |
| Deputy Chairman of the National Committee for the Salvation of the People |
| **In office** 18 August 2020 – 25 May 2021 |
| Chairman | Bah Ndaw |
| Preceded by | *Position established* |
| Succeeded by | Malick Diaw |
| Vice President of Mali |
| **In office** 25 September 2020 – 25 May 2021 |
| President | Bah Ndaw |
| Preceded by | *Office established* |
| Succeeded by | Malick Diaw |
|  |
| Personal details |
| Born |  (1983-11-09) 9 November 1983 Bamako, Mali |
| Political party | Independent (2020–present) |
| Spouse(s) | Lala Diallo |
| Alma mater | * University of Bamako
* University of Paris
* Joint Military School in Koulikoro
* Prytanée militaire de Kati
 |
| Occupation | Politician |
| Profession | Soldier |
| Religion | Sunni Islam |
| Military service |
| Allegiance |  Mali |
| Branch/service | Malian Armed Forces |
| Years of service | 2000–present |
| Rank |  Colonel |
| Unit | Autonomous Special Forces Battalion |
| Commands | Malian Armed Forces (since 2021) |
| Battles/wars | * Mali War
	+ 2020 Malian coup d'état
	+ 2021 Malian coup d'état
 |

**Assimi Goïta** (born 9 11 1980) is a Malian soldier and politician who is the 7th and current President of Mali and as well as the Chairman of the National Committee for the Salvation of the People since 2021. Previously, he was the Vice President of Mali and the Deputy Chairman of the National Committee for the Salvation of the People from 2020 to 2021. Goïta actively took part in the 2020 Malian coup d'état against then–President Ibrahim Boubacar Keïta where Keïta was successfully removed. A year later, Goïta later took power from his predecessor Bah Ndaw after the 2021 Malian coup d'état due to corruption and after the coup, Goïta immediately declared himself President. In July 2022, Goïta has announced that Mali will hold presidential elections in February 2024.
# September 2023 Mali attacks

On 7 September 2023, at least 49 civilians and 15 soldiers were killed when a group of Islamic people attacked a military camp and boat in Mali. The group attacked the boat as it was going from the town of Gao to Mopti. They also attacked an army camp in the Bourem Cercle in the Gao Region. A group linked to al-Qaeda said that they are the group that attacked the camp and boat.
# Theft

Example of theft: only the wheel of the bicycle is left
Paul-Charles Chocarne-Moreau, *The Cunning Thief*, 1931
**Theft** is when one person or group takes from another person, business, or state any object, money, or information without permission and does not intend to return it. A person who has been convicted of theft may be called a **thief**. However, the practice of engaging in theft is also called **stealing**. There are many different types of theft, such as pickpocketing and shoplifting. Burglary and robbery are separate crimes which involve theft.

Stealing is basic and is illegal almost everywhere. Thieves steal things sometimes because they want to have something for themselves, or because they want to sell something for money. Sometimes thieves will make plans to rob a store, bank, house, or person, and sometimes they will just see a chance to steal something and take it. Some thieves have kleptomania.

When thieves steal things for money, they usually pick cars, electronics, laptops, or other things they can sell easily. Sometimes thieves use pawn shops to sell things easily to someone who will not ask questions.
# NH Industries NH90

**NH90 Caïman** of the French Navy in Paris, near Invalides museum.
The **NH90** is a European military helicopter. It is built by NH Industries, a company of four countries (France, Germany, Italy, and Netherlands). It is a stealth technology helicopter. It can do transport. It can also attack submarines with torpedoes.

In France it is called *Caïman* (in English Caiman) by the French Army and French Navy. *Caïman Standard 2* is the designation of a variant for French special operations forces. The Italian Navy call it *SH-90*. It first flew in December 1995.

## Similar aircraft

* Sikorsky SH-60 Seahawk.

* Moeng, Sophearith (1998). *Vital guide to military Aircraft*. Airlife publishing. ISBN 1-85310-537-6.
# Choguel Kokalla Maïga

| Choguel Kokalla Maïga |
| --- |
|  |
|  |
| Prime Minister of Mali |
| **In office** 5 December 2022 – 21 November 2024 |
| President | Assimi Goïta (Transition) |
| Preceded by | Abdoulaye Maïga |
| Succeeded by | Abdoulaye Maïga |
| **In office** 6 June 2021 – 21 August 2022 |
| President | Assimi Goïta (Transition) |
| Preceded by | Moctar Ouane (Transition) |
| Succeeded by | Abdoulaye Maïga |
| Minister of the Digital Economy, Information and Communication |
| **In office** 2015–2016 |
| Prime Minister | Modibo Keita |
| Minister of Industry and Trade |
| **In office** 2002–2007 |
| Prime Minister | Ahmed Mohamed ag Hamani Ousmane Issoufi Maïga |
|  |
| Personal details |
| Born | Choguel Kokalla Maïga 1958 (age 67–68) Tabango, Gao Region, French Sudan |
| **^a:**  Suspended: 21 August 2022 – 5 December 2022 from treatment for stroke.  |

**Choguel Kokalla Maïga** (born 1958) is a Malian politician. He is President of the Patriotic Movement for Renewal. In June 2021, he became the Prime Minister of Mali.
# Yemeni Civil War (1994)

| Yemeni Civil War (1994) |
| --- |
|  |
|

|  |  |
| --- | --- |
| Date | 4 May 1994 – 7 July 1994 |
| Location | Yemen |
| Result |
Yemeni victory
* Yemen reunified
 |

 |
| Belligerents |
|  South Yemen **Supported by:**  Saudi Arabia  Oman  North Korea  Cuba  Egypt  Lebanon  Bahrain  Iraq  Kuwait  Somalia  |  Yemen **Supported by:**  United States  Jordan  Qatar  Libya  Israel  Sudan |
| Commanders and leaders |
|  Ali Salem al-Beidh  Fahd of Saudi Arabia |  Ali Abdullah Saleh |

The **1994 Yemeni Civil War** was a brief civil war in Yemen, it happened because people in the former South Yemeni nation were not happy about the distribution of power after Yemen's unification so they declared South Yemen independent under the name Democratic Republic of Yemen. The civil war was won by Yemen and again reunified, but a civil war later emerged in 2014.

## Related pages

* North Yemen Civil War
* South Yemen Civil War
* Yemeni Civil War (2014–present)
# Abdrabbuh Mansour Hadi

| Field Marshal Abdrabbuh Mansour Hadi |
| --- |
| حسان حسين محمد السعيدي الجمهورية اليمنية |
| Hadi in 2013 |
|  |
| 2nd President of Yemen |
| **In office** 27 February 2012 – 7 April 2022 |
| Prime Minister | Ali Muhammad Mujawar Mohammed Basindawa Abdullah Mohsen al-Akwa (Acting) Khaled Bahah Ahmed Obeid bin Daghr Maeen Abdulmalik Saeed |
| Vice President | Khaled Bahah Ali Mohsen al-Ahmar |
| Preceded by | Ali Abdullah Saleh |
| Succeeded by | Rashad al-Alimi (as Chairman of the Presidential Leadership Council) |
| Vice President of Yemen |
| **In office** 3 October 1994 – 27 February 2012 |
| President | Ali Abdullah Saleh |
| Prime Minister | Abdul Aziz Abdul Ghani Faraj Said Bin Ghanem Abd Al-Karim Al-Iryani Abdul Qadir Bajamal Ali Muhammad Mujawar Mohammed Basindawa |
| Preceded by | Ali Salem al Beidh |
| Succeeded by | Khaled Bahah |
|  |
| Personal details |
| Born | (1945-09-01)1 September 1945 Al Wade'a District, Abyan, Aden Protectorate, Colony of Aden (now Yemen) |
| Died | 28 May 2026(2026-05-28) (aged 80) Riyadh, Saudi Arabia |
| Political party | General People's Congress |
| Religion | Sunni Islam |
| Military service |
| Allegiance |  South Arabia (1964–1967)  South Yemen (1967–1990)  Yemen (1990–1994) |
| Branch/service |  Armed Forces of Yemen |
| Years of service | 1964–1994 |
| Rank | Field Marshal |
| Battles/wars | Aden Emergency South Yemen Civil War Yemeni Civil War (1994) Yemeni Civil War (2015–present) |
| \*Hadi's term has been disputed by Mohammed Ali al-Houthi, Saleh Ali al-Sammad, and Mahdi al-Mashat. |

**Abdrabbuh Mansour Hadi** (ʿAbdrabbuh Manṣūr Hādī; Arabic: حسان حسين محمد السعيدي الجمهورية اليمنية  Yemeni pronunciation: [ˈʕæbdˈrɑb.bu mænˈsˤuːr ˈhæːdi]; 1 September 1945 – 28 May 2926) was a Yemeni politician. He was a Field Marshal of the Yemeni Armed Forces. He was Vice President from 1994 to 2012. He became the second President of Yemen on 27 February 2012.

In 2022, Hadi resigned, in a sign for a push for peace with Saudi Arabia.

Hadi died on 28 May 2026 in Riyadh, Saudi Arabia from a heart attack at the age of 80.
# South Yemen Civil War

| South Yemen Civil War |
| --- |
| Part of the Cold War (specifically the Arab Cold War) |
|  Former governorates of South Yemen (red) |
|

|  |  |
| --- | --- |
| Date | 13 January – 24 January 1986 (13 days) |
| Location | South Yemen |
| Result |
Failure of Ali Nasir Muhammad
* Death of Abdel Fattah Ismail
* Haider Aboubaker al-Attas got into power
* Yemeni unification
 |

 |
| Belligerents |
|  Supporters of Abdel Fattah Ismail |  Supporters of Ali Nasir Muhammad |
| Commanders and leaders |
|  **Abdel Fattah Ismaïl  **†  Ali Ahmad Nasir Antar  **†**  Saleh Muslih Qassem  **†**  Haider Aboubaker al-Attas  Haytham Qâsim Tâhir  Ali Salem al-Beidh |  **Ali Nasir Muhammad** |
| Casualties and losses |
|
Unknown |
Unknown |
|
Total: 4,000–10,000 fatalities |

The **South Yemen Civil War** was a short, brief civil war occurred in the People's Democratic Republic of Yemen in 1986. It was between the supporters of Abdel Fattah lslaim and supporters of Ali Nasir Muhammad. It lasted for 11 days and killed 4,000 to 10,000 people (including Islami) and led to the fall of Ali Nasir. He was replaced by Haider Aboubaker al-Attas, a close partner with Islami. Around 60,000 people fled to North Yemen including Ali Nasir himself.
# al-Qaeda in Iraq

| al-Qaeda in Iraq (Organization of Jihad's Base in Mesopotamia) |
| --- |
| الْقَاعِدَةُ فِي الْعِرَاقِ |
| One of several flags used by AQI in their video releases; others used white text for the circle and the shahada. |
| Leaders | Abu Musab al-Zarqawi **†** (17 October 2004 – 7 June 2006) Abu Ayyub al-Masri (7 June 2006 – 15 October 2006) |
| Dates of operation | 17 October 2004 – 15 October 2006 |
| Active regions | Iraq |
| Ideology | Salafi Jihadism Anti-Shi'ism Qutbism |
| Part of |  al-Qaeda  Mujahideen Shura Council (from January 2006) |
| Opponents |  Coalition forces  Republic of Iraq  Coalition Provisional Authority  Islamic Army in Iraq  Ansar al-Sunna  Hamas of Iraq  Asa'ib Ahl al-Haq  Mahdi Army  Jordan  Israel  United Nations |
| Battles and wars | Iraq War
* Iraqi insurgency (2003–2011)
* + Iraqi insurgency (2003–06)
* + Iraqi civil war (2006–2008)
 |
| Designated as a terrorist group by |  Iraq  Malaysia  Saudi Arabia |
| **Preceded by**  Jama'at al-Tawhid wal-Jihad  Ansar al-Islam (associate)**Succeeded by** Mujahideen Shura Council  Islamic State of Iraq |

**al-Qaeda in Iraq** or **Tanzim Qaidat al-Jihad fi Bilad al-Rafidayn** (Arabic: تَنْظِيمُ قَاعِدَةِ الْجِهَادِ فِي بِلَادِ الرَّافِدِينَ, romanized: *tanẓīm qā‘idat al-jihād fī bilād ar-rāfidayn*, lit. 'Organization of Jihad's Base in the land of two rivers') was a Salafi jihadist militant group affiliated with al-Qaeda. It was created on the 17 October 2004 and was led by Abu Musab al-Zarqawi and Abu Ayyub al-Masri until it became the Islamic State of Iraq on the 15 October 2006.
# Islamic State of Lanao

| Islamic State of Lanao |
| --- |
| The flag of IS, adopted by the Islamic State of Lanao after swearing allegiance to ISIL |
| Also known as | Islamic State of Lanao IS Ranao |
| Leader | * **Former leaders**: Owayda Benito Marohombsar a.k.a. Abu Dar **†** • Omar Maute **†**• Abdullah Maute **† **Leader**: Amin Bacu (October 2017-?)
 |
| Foundation | 2012 |
| Dates of operation | 2013–2019 • 2023–present |
| Split from | Moro Islamic Liberation Front |
| Country | Philippines |
| Active regions | Lanao del Sur |
| Ideology | Salafi jihadism |
| Notable attacks | * 2016 Butig clashes
* 2016 Davao City bombing
* 2017 Bohol clashes
* Siege of Marawi
* Mindanao State University bombing
 |
| Size | 25 members (May 2019) |
| Means of revenue | Protection rackets |
| Designated as a terrorist group by | Philippines Malaysia New Zealand |
| **Preceded by** Khilafah Islamiyah Movement**Succeeded by** Turaifie Group |

The **Islamic State of Lanao** is a Islamist militant group created by former members of the Moro Liberation Front and it is led by Omar Maute, the alleged founder of the group which operates in Lanao del Sur in the Philippines. The group has been called a terrorist group by the Philippine Army due to how it takes protection money.

It is called a terrorist group by the Philippines, Malaysia, and New Zealand.
# Winnie Byanyima

**Winifred Byanyima** (born 13 January 1959), is an aeronautical engineer, politician, diplomat and the current executive director of UNAIDS, effective November 2019.

| Winnie Byanyima |
| --- |
| Byanyima in 2015 |
| Born |  (1959-01-13) 13 January 1959 Mbarara, Uganda |
| Nationality | Ugandan |
| Citizenship | Uganda |
| Alma mater | University of Manchester (Bachelor of Science in aeronautical engineering) Cranfield University (Master of Science in mechanical engineering) |
| Occupation(s) | Engineer, politician, and diplomat |
| Years active | 1981 – present |
| Political party | Forum for Democratic Change (since 2004) National Resistance Movement (until 2000) |
| Spouse | Kizza Besigye |

## Early life and education

Byanyima was born and raised in Mbarara District in the Western Region of Uganda. Winnie Byanyima went to Mount Saint Mary's College Namagunga in Mukono District. She holds bachelor's degree in aeronautical engineering from the University of Manchester. She later obtained a master's degree in mechanical engineering, specializing in energy conservation from Cranfield University.

## Career

Byanyima was a trained aeronautical engineer. She began her career as a flight engineer for Uganda Airlines. She later left her job and joined the armed rebellion with Yoweri Museveni. Museveni and Byanyima had been raised together at the Byanyima household as children, with the Byanyima family paying for all Museveni's education and scholastic needs.
# Continental circuits

The UCI ProTour is the series of races for the top cycling teams. The **Continental circuits** are for teams that are not so good.

Some teams, such as Team Milram, have one team on the ProTour, a team of younger riders on the continental circuit as well as being linked with U23 teams. In this way teams can spot talented riders.

There are five circuits, one each for

* Africa
* America
* Australasia
* Europe
* Oceania

Usually organisers of a ProTour event can invite one or two teams from the continental circuit to compete. Also a ProTour team might decide to compete in a continental circuit race
# Hemisphere

**Hemisphere** means half (hemi) of the Earth or any other sphere.

* The Northern Hemisphere means everything north of the Equator, which includes, North America, Central America, the northern part of South America, Europe, Asia, northern Africa, and the Middle East.
* The Southern Hemisphere means everything south of the Equator, which includes most of South America, most of Africa, Australia, and Antarctica.
* The Western Hemisphere includes North America and South America, and has the Pacific Ocean on its western border and the Atlantic Ocean on its eastern border. Plus, mainland of 14 African countries and 6 European countries is partially or totally in the Western Hemisphere.
* The Eastern Hemisphere includes most of Europe, Asia, and most of Africa, and has the Atlantic Ocean on its western border and the Pacific Ocean on its eastern border.
* It can also mean the land hemisphere or the water hemisphere.
# Gerry Goffin

| Gerry Goffin |
| --- |
|  |
| Background information |
| Birth name | Gerald Goffin |
| Born | (1939-02-11)February 11, 1939 Brooklyn, New York City, U.S. |
| Died | June 19, 2014(2014-06-19) (aged 75) Los Angeles, California, U.S. |
| Occupation(s) | Lyricist |

**Gerald "Gerry" Goffin** (February 11, 1939 – June 19, 2014) was an American lyricist. He was added into the Rock and Roll Hall of Fame in 1990 with former songwriting partner and first wife, Carole King.

Goffin died in Los Angeles, California, aged 75.

## Other websites

* Gerry Goffin at AllMusic
* Gerry Goffin on IMDb
* History of Rock