# June 24

**June 24** is the 175th day of the year (176th in leap years) in the Gregorian calendar. There are 190 days remaining until the end of the year.

## Events

### Up to 1900

* 79 – Titus becomes Roman Emperor after the previous day's death of his father, Vespasian.
* 109 – Roman Emperor Trajan inaugurates the Aqua Traiana, an aqueduct that channels water from Lake Bracciano, 40 kilometers northwest of Rome.
* 972 – Battle of Cedynia: First documented victory of Polish forces takes place.
* 1128 – Battle of São Mamede, near Guimarães. Portuguese forces led by Afonso I beat his mother D.Teresa and D.Fernão Peres de Trava. After this battle, the future king calls himself "Prince of Portugal", the first step towards "official independence" in 1143.
* 1230 – The Siege of Jaén starts in the context of the Spanish Recoquista.
* 1314 – End of the Battle of Bannockburn. Scottish forces led by Robert the Bruce beat Edward II of England. Scotland regains its independence.
* 1340 – Hundred Years' War: Battle of Sluys – The French fleet is almost destroyed by the English fleet commanded personally by King Edward III of England.
* 1374 – A sudden outbreak of St. John's Dance causes people in the streets of Aix-la–Chapelle, Prussia, to experience hallucinations and begin to jump and twitch uncontrollably until they collapse from exhaustion.
* 1441 – Eton College is founded.
* 1497 – John Cabot lands on North America in Newfoundland; first European discovery of the region since the Vikings.
* 1497 – Cornish rebels Michael An Gof and Thomas Flamank are executed at Tyburn, London
* 1509 – Henry VIII is crowned King of England.
* 1534 – Jacques Cartier makes the European discovery of Prince Edward Island.
* 1535 – The Anabaptist state of Münster is conquered and disbanded.
* 1571 – Miguel Lopez de Legazpi founds Manila.
* 1597 – The first Dutch voyage to the East Indies reaches Bantam (on Java).
* 1604 – Edward De Vere, 17th Earl of Oxford dies. Leading candidate for true authorship of the Shakespeare canon.
* 1622 – Battle of Macau: The Dutch fail in an attempt to capture Macau.
* 1662 – The Dutch attempt but fail to capture Macao.
* 1664 – The colony of New Jersey is founded.
* 1692 – Kingston, Jamaica is founded.
* 1779 – American Revolutionary War: The Great Siege of Gibraltar begins.
* 1793 – First republican constitution in France adopted.
* 1812 – Napoleonic Wars: Napoleon's invasion of Russia begins.
* 1813 – Battle of Beaver Dams: A British and Indian combined force defeats the United States Army.
* 1821 – Battle of Carabobo: Venezuela gains total independence from Spain.
* 1859 – Battle of Solferino (Battle of the Three Sovereigns). Sardinia and France defeat Austria in northern Italy.
* 1861 – Tennessee becomes the 11th and last state to secede from the US.
* 1880 – First performance of *O Canada*, the song that would become the national anthem of Canada, at the Congrès national des Canadiens-Français.
* 1894 – The IOC decides to hold the Olympic Games every four years.

### 1901 – 2000

* 1901 – First exhibition of Pablo Picasso's work opens.
* 1902 – King Edward VII of the United Kingdom develops appendicitis, delaying his coronation.
* 1910 – Japan invades Korea.
* 1913 – Greece and Serbia annul their alliance with Bulgaria.
* 1913 – Joseph Cook becomes the 6th Prime Minister of Australia.
* 1916 – Mary Pickford becomes first movie star to get million dollar contract.
* 1918 – First airmail service in Canada from Montreal to Toronto.
* 1918 – The giant cannon *Big Bertha* begins bombardments on Paris
* 1932 – A military coup ends the absolute power of the king of Siam (Thailand).
* 1938 – Pieces of meteor, estimated to have weighed 450 metric tons when it explodes in the Earth's atmosphere, lands near Chicora, Pennsylvania.
* 1939 – Siam is renamed Thailand for the first time, by Prime Minister Plaek Pibulsonggram.
* 1940 – France and Italy sign an armistice.
* 1941 – Government of briefly independent Lithuania conducts its first meeting under prime minister Juozas Ambrazevičius
* 1945 – The U.S.S.R. capture the Free Republic of Schwarzenberg.
* 1946 – Georges Bidault becomes Prime Minister of France
* 1947 – First known sighting of UFOs: Kenneth Arnold, flying over Washington, USA, notices nine luminous disks in the form of saucers.
* 1948 – Start of the Berlin Blockade. The Soviet Union makes overland travel between the West with West Berlin impossible.
* 1957 – The U.S. Supreme Court rules that obscenity is not protected by the First Amendment.
* 1963 – Zanzibar is granted internal self-government by the UK.
* 1967 – The UK's worst caving disaster kills 6 people at Mossdale Caverns.
* 1974 – The UPC label is used for the first time to ring up purchases at a supermarket.
* 1975 – An Eastern Airlines Boeing 727 crashes at John F. Kennedy Airport, New York. 113 people die.
* 1981 – For what would be the world's longest single-span suspension bridge for 17 years, the Humber Bridge, connecting Yorkshire and Lincolnshire, opens.
* 1982 – British Airways flight 9 flies into volcanic ash erupting from Mount Galunggung in Indonesia, causing all four of its engines to fail.
* 1982 – Jean-Loup Chrétien becomes the first French person to go into space.
* 1983 – Sally Ride, first female American astronaut, returns to earth.
* 1983 – Yasser Arafat banned from Damascus.
* 1989 – Jiang Zemin becomes the General Secretary of the Communist Party of China.
* 1993 – Yale computer science professor Dr. David Gelernter loses the sight in one eye, the hearing in one ear, and part of his right hand after receiving a mailbomb from the Unabomber.
* 1995 – South Africa wins the Rugby Union World Cup in front of its home crowd. Nelson Mandela famously hands the trophy to team captain Francois Pienaar.
* 1996 – Michael Johnson breaks the world record in the 200 metres with a time of 19.66 seconds
* 1999 – The guitar with which Eric Clapton recorded *Layla* is sold at auction for the astounding price of $497,500.

### From 2001

* 2002 – The Igandu train disaster in Tanzania kills 281 people.
* 2003 – Air France's last Concorde flight takes place.
* 2004 – In the state of New York, capital punishment is declared unconstitutional.
* 2005 – Mahmoud Ahmadinejad is elected to his first term as President of Iran.
* 2007 – Before becoming Prime Minister of the United Kingdom (on June 27) Gordon Brown succeeds Tony Blair as leader of the Labour Party.
* 2010 – Julia Gillard becomes the first female Prime Minister of Australia, succeeding Kevin Rudd.
* 2010 – The longest match in the history of professional tennis ends at Wimbledon, after two days. John Isner beats Nicolas Mahut 70–68 in the deciding set.
* 2012 – Lonesome George, the last-known surviving Pinta Island tortoise, dies in the Galapagos Islands, Ecuador, aged around 100. His sub–species is therefore considered to be extinct.
* 2012 – Mohamed Morsi of the Muslim Brotherhood is declared the winner of the previous week's Presidential election in Egypt.
* 2014 – Albania officially becomes an EU candidate country.
* 2014 – Uruguayan footballer Luis Suárez is involved in a biting controversy at the 2014 FIFA World Cup when cameras show him biting Italy's Giorgio Chiellini during a match. He is suspended from competitive games for four months.
* 2016 – David Cameron announces his intention to resign as Prime Minister of the United Kingdom after 51.9% of British voters decided to leave the European Union in a referendum.
* 2017 – 15 people are killed and 93 are missing after a landslide hits Xinmo village in Sichuan, People's Republic of China.

## Births

### Up to 1800

* 1244 – Henry I, Landgrave of Hesse (died 1308)
* 1293 – Joan the Lame, Queen of France (died 1348)
* 1314 – Philippa of Hainaut, Queen Consort of Edward III of England (died 1369)
* 1343 – Joan of Valois, Queen of Navarre (died 1373)
* 1386 – John of Capistrano, Italian saint (died 1456)
* 1413 – John IV, Marquess of Montferrat (died 1464)
* 1485 – Johannes Bugenhagen, German reformer (died 1558)
* 1519 – Theodore Beza, French theologian and reformer (died 1605)
* 1532 – Edzard II, Count of East Frisia (died 1599)
* 1532 – William IV, Landgrave of Hesse-Kassel (died 1592)
* 1532 – Robert Dudley, 1st Earl of Leicester (died 1588)
* 1535 – Joan of Spain, Spanish-born Queen Consort of Portugal (died 1573)
* 1542 – Saint John of the Cross, Spanish Carmelite friar and poet (died 1591)
* 1661 – Hachisuka Tsunanori, Japanese daimyo (died 1730)
* 1694 – Jean-Jacques Burlamaqui, Swiss theorist (died 1748)
* 1704 – Jean-Baptiste de Boyer, Marquis d'Argens, French aristocrat (died 1771)
* 1740 – Juan Ignacio Molina, Chilean naturalist (died 1829)
* 1755 – Anarchasis Clats, Prussian-born French revolutionary (died 1794)
* 1767 – Jean-Baptiste Benoit Eyries, French geographer, author and translator (died 1846)
* 1770 – Albrecht Berblinger, German inventor (died 1829)
* 1774 – Antonio González de Balcarce, Argentine military commander (died 1819)
* 1777 – John Ross, naval officer and explorer (died 1856)
* 1782 – Juan Larrea, Argentine politician and merchant (died 1847)
* 1784 – Juan Antonio Lavalleja, Uruguayan revolutionary and political figure (died 1853)
* 1795 – Ernst Heinrich Weber, anatomist and physiologist (died 1878)

### 1801 – 1900

* 1803 – George James Webb, composer (died 1887)
* 1804 – Willard Richards, American religious leader (died 1854)
* 1811 – John Archibald Campbell, American jurist (died 1889)
* 1813 – Henry Ward Beecher, American clergyman and reformer (died 1887)
* 1818 – Charles Alexander, Grand Duke of Saxe-Weimar–Eisenach (died 1901)
* 1821 – Guillermo Rawson, Argentine politician (died 1890)
* 1825 – Grand Duchess Alexandra Nikolaevna of Russia (died 1844)
* 1826 – George Goyder, surveyor-general of South Australia (died 1898)
* 1833 – Gustaf Akerhielm, Prime Minister of Sweden (died 1900)
* 1838 – Jan Matejko, Polish painter (died 1893)
* 1842 – Ambrose Bierce, American writer (died 1914)
* 1850 – Herbert Kitchener, 1st Earl Kitchener, British general, original Order of Merit member (died 1916)
* 1852 – Victor Adler, Austrian politician (died 1918)
* 1860 – Mercedes of Orléans, Queen of Spain (died 1878)
* 1869 – Prince George of Greece and Denmark (died 1957)
* 1869 – Caroline Furness, American astronomer (died 1936)
* 1880 – Oswald Veblen, American mathematician (died 1960)
* 1882 – Carl Diem, German sports scientist and Olympic official (died 1962)
* 1883 – Victor Franz Hess, Austrian-born American physicist (died 1964)
* 1883 – Frank Venner, American runner (died 1966)
* 1884 – Frank Waller, American athlete (died 1941)
* 1888 – Gerrit Rietveld, Dutch architect (died 1964)
* 1893 – Roy O. Disney, American businessman (died 1971)
* 1895 – Jack Dempsey, American boxer (died 1983)
* 1898 – Karl Selter, Estonian politician (died 1958)

### 1901 – 1925

* 1901 – Harry Partch, composer (died 1974)
* 1906 – Pierre Fournier, French cellist (died 1986)
* 1907 – Arseny Tarkovsky, Russian poet (died 1989)
* 1908 – Hugo Distler, German composer (died 1942)
* 1908 – Guru Gopinath Indian classical dancer (died 1987)
* 1908 – Alfons Rebane, Estonian colonel (died 1976)
* 1909 – Jean Deslauriers, Canadian conductor, violinist and composer (died 1978)
* 1909 – William Penney, English mathematician (died 1991)
* 1909 – David Rose, composer, musician (died 1990)
* 1911 – Juan Manuel Fangio, Argentine race car driver (died 1995)
* 1911 – Ernesto Sabato, Argentine writer and physicist (died 2011)
* 1912 – Mary Wesley, British writer (died 2002)
* 1913 – Gustaaf Detoor, Belgian cyclist (died 2002)
* 1914 – Robert Aickman, writer (died 1981)
* 1915 – Fred Hoyle, cosmologist and science fiction writer (died 2001)
* 1916 – William B. Saxbe, 70th United States Attorney General (died 2010)
* 1917 – David Easton, Canadian political scientist (died 2014)
* 1919 – Al Molinaro, American actor (died 2015)
* 1922 – Tata Giacobetti, Italian singer and lyricist (Quartetto Cetra) (died 1988)
* 1922 – Jack Carter, American comedian and actor (died 2015)
* 1923 – Margaret Olley, Australian artist (died 2011)
* 1923 – Marc Riboud, French photographer
* 1923 – Cesare Romiti, Italian businessman and economist
* 1923 – Yves Bonnefoy, French poet (died 2016)
* 1924 – Thelma Rogers, English actress (died 2000)

### 1926 – 1950

* 1926 – Walter Hirrlinger, German politician (died 2018)
* 1927 – Martin Lewis Perl, American physicist (died 2014)
* 1927 – James B. Edwards, American politician, 110th Governor of South Carolina and 3rd United States Secretary of Energy (died 2014)
* 1928 – M. S. Viswanathan, Indian film score composer (died 2015)
* 1928 – Yvan Delporte, Belgian comics writer (died 2007)
* 1928 – Wolfgang Altenburg, German general
* 1929 – Carolyn S. Shoemaker, American astronomer
* 1930 – Claude Chabrol, French movie director (died 2010)
* 1930 – Dave Creighton, Canadian ice hockey player (died 2017)
* 1931 – Billy Casper, American golfer (died 2015)
* 1933 – Sam Jones, American basketball player
* 1937 – Anita Desai, American novelist
* 1938 – Lawrence Block, American writer
* 1938 – Albufaz Elchibey, former President of Azerbaijan
* 1940 – Vittorio Storaro, Italian cinematographer
* 1940 – Augusto Fantozzi, Italian lawyer and politician (died 2019)
* 1941 – Charles Whitman, American murderer (died 1966)
* 1942 – Colin Groves, Australian primatologist (died 2017)
* 1942 – Eduardo Frei Ruiz-Tagle, former President of Chile
* 1942 – Michele Lee, actress
* 1944 – Jeff Beck, British guitarist (Yardbirds)
* 1944 – Chris Wood, British musician (died 1983)
* 1945 – Colin Blunstone, American musician (The Zombies)
* 1945 – George Pataki, former Governor of New York
* 1945 – Betty Stöve, Dutch tennis player
* 1946 – Ellison Onizuka, American astronaut (died 1986)
* 1946 – Robert Reich, American politician and political commentator
* 1947 – Clarissa Dickson Wright, English cookery writer and broadcaster (died 2014)
* 1947 – Mick Fleetwood, British musician (Fleetwood Mac)
* 1949 – Betty Jackson, English fashion designer (born in Lancashire)
* 1949 – John Illsey, English guitarist (Dire Straits)
* 1949 – Brigitte Mohnhaupt, German militant, member of the Red Army Faction
* 1950 – Jan Kulczyk, Polish businessman (d. 2015)
* 1950 – Wilfried, Austrian singer and actor (d. 2017)
* 1950 – Moshe Ya'alon, Israeli politician

### 1951 – 1975

* 1951 – Ivar Formo, Norwegian cross-country skier (died 2006)
* 1951 – Raelene Boyle, Australian athlete
* 1951 – Simon Rouse, English actor
* 1952 – Dianna Melrose, English diplomat
* 1953 – William E. Moerner, American chemist and physicist
* 1953 – Garry Shider, musician (P Funk)
* 1954 – Mark Edmondson, Australian tennis player
* 1956 – Owen Paterson, British politician
* 1956 – Joe Penny, American actor
* 1957 – Astro, English rapper (UB40)
* 1957 – Mark Parkinson, 45th Governor of Kansas
* 1958 – Jean Charest, Quebec politician
* 1959 – Andy McCluskey, British singer, songwriter and musician
* 1960 – Elish Angiolini, Scottish judge
* 1960 – Trisha Meili, writer
* 1961 – Iain Glen, Scottish actor
* 1961 – Bernie Nicholls, Canadian ice hockey player
* 1963 – Mike Wieringo, American comic book artist (died 2007)
* 1963 – Preki, Serbian-American footballer
* 1966 – Adrienne Shelly, American actress (died 2006)
* 1966 – Milena Bertolini, Italian footballer and coach
* 1967 – Richard Kruspe-Bernstein, German guitarist (Rammstein)
* 1967 – Sherry Stringfield, American actress
* 1969 – Nicodemo Gentile, Italian lawyer
* 1969 – Sissel Kyrkjebø, Norwegian singer
* 1970 – Glenn Medeiros, Hawaiian singer and songwriter
* 1971 – Ji Jin-hee, South Korean actor
* 1971 – Christopher Showerman, American actor
* 1972 – Robbie McEwen, Australian cyclist
* 1973 – Alexander Beyer, German actor
* 1973 – Jere Lehtinen, Finnish ice hockey player
* 1974 – Chris Guccione, American baseball player and umpire
* 1975 – Marek Malik, Czech ice hockey player
* 1975 – Federico Pucciarello, Argentine-Italian rugby player

### From 1976

* 1977 – Dimos Dikoudis, Greek basketball player
* 1978 – Luis García, Spanish footballer
* 1978 – Shunsuke Nakamura, Japanese footballer
* 1978 – Juan Román Riquelme, Argentine footballer
* 1978 – Erno "Emppu" Vuorinen, Finnish guitarist (Nightwish)
* 1979 – Petra Nemcova, Czech model
* 1979 – Dafydd Jones, Welsh rugby player
* 1980 – Cicinho, Brazilian footballer
* 1980 – Minka Kelly, American actress
* 1980 – John Bryant Davila, American actor
* 1981 – Siddharth Nair, cartoonist and writer
* 1982 – Kevin Nolan, English footballer
* 1982 – Christian Montero, Costa Rican footballer
* 1982 – Jarret Stoll, Canadian ice hockey player
* 1983 – Rebecca Cooke, English swimmer
* 1985 – Diego Alves, Brazilian footballer
* 1986 – Stuart Broad, English cricketer
* 1986 – Solange Knowles, American actress and singer
* 1987 – LiSA, Japanese singer and musician
* 1987 – Lionel Messi, Argentine footballer
* 1988 – Micah Richards, English footballer
* 1991 – Rie Kitahara, Japanese actress and singer (AKB48)
* 1992 – David Alaba, Austrian footballer
* 1992 – Raven Goodwin, American actress
* 1992 – Stuart Hogg, Scottish rugby player
* 1992 – Sam Morrison, Welsh cyclist
* 1993 – Piero Barone, Italian singer (Il Volo)
* 1993 – Beanie Feldstein, American actress

## Deaths

### Up to 1950

* 238 – Maximius Thrax, Roman Emperor (born 173)
* 803 – Higbald, Bishop of Lindisfarne
* 1195 – Albert I, Margrave of Meissen (born 1158)
* 1314 – Gilbert de Clare, 8th Earl of Gloucester (born 1291)
* 1314 – Robert de Clifford, 1st Baron de Clifford (born 1274)
* 1398 – Hongwu Emperor of China, founder of the Ming Dynasty (born 1328)
* 1439 – Frederick IV of Austria, Regent of Tyrol and Further Austria
* 1519 – Lucrezia Borgia, duchess of Ferrara (born 1480)
* 1520 – Hosokawa Sumimoto, Japanese samurai commander (born 1489)
* 1564 – Rani Durgavati, Indian queen (born 1524)
* 1604 – Edward de Vere, 17th Earl of Oxford, hereditary Lord Great Chamberlain of England (born 1550)
* 1637 – Nicolas-Claude Fabri de Peiresc, French astronomer (born 1580)
* 1766 – Adrien Maurice de Noailles, French soldier and politician (born 1678)
* 1803 – Matthew Thornton, signer of the US Declaration of Independence (born 1714)
* 1817 – Thomas McKean, American lawyer and politician (born 1769)
* 1835 – Andreas Vokos Miaoulis, Greek admiral and politician (born 1769)
* 1882 – Joachim Raff, German-Swiss composer (born 1822)
* 1894 – Marie François Sadi Carnot, French statesman (born 1837)
* 1908 – Grover Cleveland, 22nd and 24th President of the United States (born 1837)
* 1909 – Sarah Orne Jewett, American writer (born 1849)
* 1922 – Walther Rathenau, German Minister of Foreign Affairs (born 1867, assassinated)
* 1931 – Otto Mears, Russian-American businessman (born 1840)
* 1931 – Xiang Zhongfa, Chinese Communist politician (born 1880)
* 1935 – Carlos Gardel, Argentine singer-songwriter (born 1890)
* 1947 – Emil Seidel, American politician and Mayor of Milwaukee (born 1864)

### From 1951

* 1953 – George Herbert Walker, grandfather of US President George H. W. Bush (born 1875)
* 1968 – Tony Hancock, British comedian (born 1924)
* 1984 – Clarence Campbell, Canadian president of the National Hockey League (born 1905)
* 1987 – Jackie Gleason, American actor and musician (born 1916)
* 1988 – Marta Abba, Italian actress (b. 1900)
* 1989 – Hibari Misora, Japanese singer and actress (born 1937)
* 1993 – Archie Williams, American sprinter (b. 1915)
* 2000 – Vera Atkins, Special Operations Executive intelligence officer (born 1908)
* 2000 – Rodrigo Bueno, Argentine singer-songwriter (born 1973)
* 2002 – Pierre Werner, Prime Minister of Luxembourg (born 1913)
* 2004 – Ifigeneia Giannopoulou, Greek songwriter (born 1957)
* 2007 – Nancy Benoit, American professional wrestler (born 1964)
* 2007 – Chris Benoit, Canadian professional wrestler (born 1967)
* 2007 – Hans Sturm, German footballer (born 1935)
* 2007 – Natasja Saad, Danish reggae and dance hall artist (born 1924)
* 2009 – Roméo LeBlanc, Governor-General of Canada (born 1927)
* 2012 – Lonesome George, Ecuadorean Pinta Island tortoise (born around 1912)
* 2012 – Heino Kruus, Estonian basketball player (born 1926)
* 2012 – Miki Roqué, Spanish footballer (born 1988)
* 2013 – Mick Aston, British archaeologist (born 1946)
* 2013 – Emilio Colombo, former Prime Minister of Italy (born 1920)
* 2013 – William Hathaway, American politician (born 1924)
* 2014 – Ramón José Velásquez, former Acting President of Venezuela (born 1916)
* 2014 – Eli Wallach, American actor (born 1915)
* 2015 – Walter Browne, Australian-American chess player (born 1939)
* 2015 – Mario Biaggi, American politician (born 1917)
* 2015 – Marva Collins, American educator (born 1936)
* 2016 – Bernie Worrell, American musician (born 1944)
* 2017 – Mats Johansson, Swedish journalist (born 1951)
* 2017 – Parker Lee McDonald, American jurist (born 1924)
* 2017 – Maria Mutagamba, Ugandan economist and politician (born 1952)
* 2017 – Nils Nilsson, Swedish ice hockey player (born 1936)
* 2018 – Frank Heart, American computer engineer (born 1929)
* 2018 – Constance Adams, American architect and explorer (born 1964)
* 2018 – Stanley Anderson, American actor (born 1939)
* 2018 – Darryl N. Johnson, American politician (born 1938)
* 2018 – Josip Pirmajer, Slovenian footballer and manager (born 1944)
* 2019 – Jeff Austin, American musician and singer (born 1974)
* 2019 – Billy Drago, American actor (born 1946)
* 2019 – Steve Dunleavy, Australian-born American journalist (born 1938)
* 2019 – Jónas Gómez Gallo, Chilean businessman and politician (born 1923)
* 2019 – José Huerta, Peruvian politician (born 1948)
* 2019 – Yekaterina Mikhailovna-Demina, Russian military doctor (born 1925)
* 2019 – Jörg Stübner, German footballer (born 1965)

## Observances

* Discovery Day (Newfoundland and Labrador)
* National Day of Quebec
* Saint John's Day, day of midsummer celebrations in the Northern Hemisphere
* Flag Day (Estonia, Finland)