Rikunarita-ORG/Wikinium huggingface dataset:
# Mali War

Situation in 2026: Goverment held territories are red, Pro-government militias are yellow, Azawad-liberaton forces are green, al-Qaeda black and smaller Islamist forces white.
The **Mali War** has been ongoing since 2012. The war has three sides. One side is Mali, who are supported by many other countries. Another, many of whom are Tuareg people, are separatists who want northern Mali - which they call Azawad - to become a separate country. Northern Mali is hot desert and is in the southern part of the Sahara. The third side is Islamist groups - including Islamic State of Iraq and the Levant and al-Qaeda - who want Mali to be part of an Islamist caliphate.

The United Nations has reported many human rights violations, both by the forces close to the government, and by the different rebel groups. Allegedly, there have been amputations, floggings, and extrajudicial executions. A couple was stoned in 2012, for allegedly having an extramarital affair. Based on these reports, the International Criminal Court started investigations into war crimes and human rights abuses. According to the BBC, about 250,000 people have left because of the fighting. They are now refugees and internally displaced people. Another problem is that World Heritage Sites are threatened by the war. There are mosques built of mud, in Timbuktu, which are threatened. In September 2021, a contract was signed between the Malian state and a private Russian military company linked to the Russian military group Wagner. The document provides for the deployment of mercenaries in the country, in liaison with the Malian army, and the protection of senior figures. The French withdrew their forces entirely on August 15, 2022, ending their presence in the country.

The 2026 Mali offensives are ongoing (as of 2026's second quarter). The government lost the Amachach base (on May 1) outside of Tessalit in the Kidal Region, near the Algerian border; The FLA and JNIM took control of it.

Earlier (April 25), the international airport (map) and some cities were attacked; Gao, Bamako, and Kati were attacked by FLA and JNIM. Kati is the largest city in the Koulikoro Region. The minister of defence (picture) was killed when a truck with explosives was taken into his home as part of a kamikaze attack.

## Related pages

* List of ongoing armed conflicts
# Carlo Ginzburg

| Carlo Ginzburg |
| --- |
| Ginzburg in 2013 |
| Born | (1939-04-15)15 April 1939 Turin, Piedmont, Kingdom of Italy |
| Died | 17 June 2026(2026-06-17) (aged 87) Bologna, Emilia-Romagna, Italy |
| Education | University of Pisa (PhD) |
| Occupations | * Historian
* microhistorian
 |
| Years active | 1966–2026 |
| Spouse |
Anna Rossi-Doria ​(divorced)​ |
| Children | 2, including Lisa |
| Parents | * Leone Ginzburg (father)
* Natalia Levi (mother)
 |
| Relatives | * Giuseppe Levi (grandfather)
* Margherita Sarfatti (second cousin once removed)
* Silvio Tanzi (granduncle)
* Drusilla Tanzi (grandaunt)
* Eugenio Tanzi (great-granduncle)
 |
| Awards | Balzan Prize (2010) |

**Carlo Ginzburg** (it; 15 April 1939 – 17 June 2026) was an Italian historian. He was one of the founders of the field of microhistory. His works include *The Night Battles*, *The Cheese and the Worms*, and *Ecstasies: Deciphering the Witches' Sabbath*.

Ginzburg died on 17 June 2026 in Bologna, Italy at the age of 87.

## Other websites

* Ginzburg UCLA Homepage
* Carlo Ginzburg at the International Balzan Prize Foundation
* On the Dark Side – Ginzburg interview
* Review of *Cheese and the Worms* (PDF) at the Wayback Machine (archive index)
* “An Interview with Carlo Ginzburg by Yehuda Safran and Daniel Sherer,” Potlatch 5 (2022), 1–55.
* Carlo Ginzburg on IMDb