# June 10

**June 10** is the 161st day of the year (162nd in leap years) in the Gregorian calendar. There are 204 days remaining until the end of the year.

## Events

### Up to 1925

* 1190 – Third Crusade: Frederick I, Holy Roman Emperor drowns in the River Saleph while leading an army to Jerusalem.
* 1329 – The Battle of Pelekanon results in a Byzantine Empire defeat against the Ottoman Empire.
* 1523 – Copenhagen is surrounded by the army of Frederick I of Denmark, as the city does not recognize him as successor to Christian II of Denmark.
* 1539 – Council of Trent: Pope Paul III sends out letters to his bishops, delaying the council due to war and the difficulty the bishops had in travelling to Venice.
* 1596 – Bear Island, the southernmost island of Svalbard, is discovered by Willem Barentsz.
* 1619 – Thirty Years' War: Battle of Zablati, turning point in the Bohemian revolt.
* 1692 – In Salem, Massachusetts Bridget Bishop becomes the first person to be executed during the Salem Witch Trials, for alleged witchcraft.
* 1719 – Jacobite uprising: The Battle of Glen Shiel takes place.
* 1770 – James Cook's ship HMS *Endeavour* runs aground on the Great Barrier Reef.
* 1786 – A landslide dam created by an earthquake ten days earlier, in Sichuan, China, collapses, killing 10,000 people.
* 1793 – French Revolution: Following the arrests of Girondin leaders, the Jacobins gain control of the committee of public safety, installing the revolutionary dictatorship.
* 1829 – The Boat Race between Oxford University and Cambridge University takes place for the first time.
* 1838 – Myall Creek Massacre: 28 Australian Aboriginals are killed.
* 1854 – The First Class of US Naval Academy students graduate.
* 1861 – American Civil War: Battle of Big Bethel – Confederate forces under John B. Magruder defeat a Union force under Ebenezer W. Pierce, in Virginia.
* 1864 – American Civil War: A Confederate force under Nathan Bedford Forrest defeats the Union force under Samuel D. Sturgis in Mississippi.
* 1865 – Wagner's opera, Tristan und Isolde first performed in Munich.
* 1878 – The League of Prizren is founded in the Balkans.
* 1886 – Mount Tarawera on New Zealand's North Island erupts, killing 153 people and destroys the famous Pink Terraces.
* 1898 – Spanish-American War: US marines land on Cuba.
* 1906 – William Hall-Jones replaces Richard Seddon as Prime Minister of New Zealand.
* 1907 – The first Beijing to Paris car rally begins. It is the longest race of its kind in the world.
* 1916 – Arab Revolt against the Ottoman Empire.
* 1918 – World War I: Austro–Hungarian battleship SMS *Szent Istvan* sinks, having been torpedoed by an Italian MAS motorboat.
* 1924 – Fascists kill Italian socialist Giacomo Matteotti.
* 1925 – The United Church of Canada is founded in Toronto.

### 1926 – 2000

* 1935 – Alcoholics Anonymous is founded in Akron, Ohio.
* 1935 – The Chaco War ends, as a truce is called between Bolivia and Paraguay.
* 1940 – World War II: Norway surrenders to German forces.
* 1940 – World War II: Italy declares war on the United Kingdom and France.
* 1942 – World War II: The Nazis burn the village of Lidice in Czechoslovakia.
* 1944 – World War II: 642 people are killed by German troops in Oradour–sur–Glane in France.
* 1944 – World War II: In Distomo, Greece, German troops kill 218 people.
* 1944 – 15–year–old Joe Nuxhall of the Cincinnati Reds becomes the youngest player in a Major League Baseball game.
* 1945 – World War II: Australian Imperial Forces land in Brunei Bay to liberate Brunei.
* 1947 – Saab produces its first automobile.
* 1955 – The foundation stone of CERN, on the Switzerland–France border, is laid.
* 1957 – John Diefenbaker is elected Prime Minister of Canada.
* 1967 – The Six-Day War ends.
* 1967 – Argentina becomes a member of the Berne Convention copyright treaty.
* 1977 – James Earl Ray escapes from Brushy Mountain State Prison in Petros, Tennessee, but is re–captured on June 13.
* 1977 – Apple II, one of the first personal computers, goes on sale.
* 1979 – The first election to the European Parliament takes place.
* 1980 – The African National Congress in South Africa publishes a call to fight for imprisoned leader Nelson Mandela.
* 1991 – The American military's Clark Air Base in the Philippines is evacuated, because of the eruption of Mount Pinatubo.
* 1991 – Jaycee Lee Dugard is kidnapped by Philip Garrido in California. He holds her captive until 2009, and fathers two daughters with her.
* 1996 – Peace negotiations begin in Northern Ireland, without the participation of Sinn Féin.
* 1997 – Fleeing his main stronghold, former Cambodian dictator Pol Pot orders the killing of his former defense chief Son Sen, and of 11 of Sen's family members.
* 1998 – The 1998 FIFA World Cup in France begins.
* 1999 – NATO's air war over Kosovo ends, as Serbian forces withdraw.
* 2000 – Syrian President Hafez al-Assad dies. His son Bashar al-Assad replaces him.
* 2000 – UEFA Euro 2000 begins in the Netherlands and Belgium.

### From 2001

* 2001 – Pope John Paul II canonizes Lebanon's first female saint, Saint Rafqa.
* 2002 – The first direct electronic communication experiment between the nervous systems of two humans is carried out by Briton Kevin Warwick.
* 2003 – The Spirit Rover is launched, beginning NASA's Mars Explorer Rover System.
* 2003 – *Wicked* begins on Broadway, later winning 40 awards.
* 2005 – The Svinesund Bridge between Norway and Sweden is opened.
* 2014 – Militants from the "Islamic State of Iraq and the Levant", affiliated with Al-Qaeda, take control of Mosul, Iraq's second–largest city.
* 2014 – Reuven Rivlin is chosen to succeed Shimon Peres as President of Israel. He is sworn in on July 24.
* 2016 – The UEFA Euro 2016 football championship in France begins.
* 2016 – American singer Christina Grimmie is shot at a concert in Orlando, Florida, and dies later the same evening, aged 22.

## Births

### Up to 1900

* 1213 – Fakhruddin 'Iraqi, Persian philosopher (d. 1289)
* 1493 – Anton Fugger, German banker (d. 1560)
* 1513 – Louis, Duke of Montpensier, French aristocrat (d. 1582)
* 1637 – Jacques Marquette, French Jesuit missionary (d. 1675)
* 1657 – James Craggs the Elder, English politician (d. 1921)
* 1688 – James Francis Edward Stuart ("The Old Pretender"), claimant to the British throne (d. 1766)
* 1713 – Princess Caroline of Great Britain (d. 1757)
* 1716 – Carl Gustaf Ekeberg, Swedish physician and explorer (d. 1784)
* 1753 – William Eustis, 12th Governor of Massachusetts (d. 1825)
* 1775 – James Barbour, American lawyer, politician and 19th Governor of Virginia (d. 1842)
* 1804 – Hermann Schlegel, German ornithologist (d. 1884)
* 1819 – Gustave Courbet, French painter (d. 1877)
* 1825 – Sondre Norheim, Norwegian skier (d. 1897)
* 1825 – Princess Hildegard of Bavaria (d. 1864)
* 1832 – Nikolaus August Otto, German engineer (d. 1891)
* 1832 – Stephen Mosher Wood, American politician (d. 1920)
* 1835 – Rebecca Latimer Felton, American politician (d. 1930)
* 1835 – Ferdinand IV, Grand Duke of Tuscany (d. 1908)
* 1839 – Ludvig Holstein-Ledreborg, Council President of Denmark (d. 1912)
* 1839 – Ion Creanga, Romanian writer (d. 1889)
* 1840 – Theodor Philipsen, Danish painter (d. 1920)
* 1843 – Heinrich von Herzogenberg, Austrian composer and conductor (d. 1900)
* 1844 – Carl Hagenbeck, German zoo director (d. 1913)
* 1855 – Charles Allen Culberson, Governor of Texas (d. 1925)
* 1859 – Santadasji Kathia Baba, Hindu Philosopher (d. 1935)
* 1859 – Emanuel Nobel, Swedish–Russian oil baron (d. 1932)
* 1863 – Louis Couperus, Dutch writer (d. 1923)
* 1865 – Frederick Cook, American physician and explorer, claimed to be first at the North Pole (d. 1940)
* 1870 – Constantin Angelescu, Prime Minister of Romania (d. 1948)
* 1876 – William Ernest, Grand Duke of Saxe-Weimar-Eisenach, German aristocrat (d. 1923)
* 1887 – Harry F. Byrd, Governor of Virginia (d. 1966)
* 1891 – Al Dubin, American songwriter (d. 1945)
* 1894 – Prince Igor Constantinovich of Russia (d. 1918)
* 1895 – Hattie McDaniel, American actress (d. 1952)
* 1895 – Immanuel Velikovsky, Russian–born psychoanalyst and author (d. 1979)
* 1897 – Grand Duchess Tatiana Nikolaevna of Russia (d. 1918)
* 1899 – Stanislaw Czaykowski, Polish racing driver (d. 1933)

### 1901 – 1950

* 1901 – Frederick Loewe, German–born composer (d. 1988)
* 1903 – Theo Lingen, German actor and director (d. 1978)
* 1904 – Lin Huiyin, Chinese architect and poet (d. 1955)
* 1910 – Howlin' Wolf, American blues singer and musician (d. 1976)
* 1911 – Terence Rattigan, British playwright (d. 1977)
* 1912 – Jean Lesage, 11th Premier of Quebec (d. 1980)
* 1915 – Saul Bellow, Canadian–American novelist (d. 2005)
* 1916 – Peride Celal, Turkish novelist and short story writer (d. 2013)
* 1918 – Patachou, French singer and actress (d. 2015)
* 1918 – Barry Morse, English actor (d. 2008)
* 1919 – Haidar Abdel-Shafi, Palestinian physician and politician (d. 2007)
* 1919 – Kevin O'Flanagan, Irish footballer, rugby player and physician (d. 2006)
* 1920 – Ruth Graham, American poet, wife of Billy Graham (d. 2007)
* 1921 – Jean Robic, French motorcycle racer (d. 1980)
* 1921 – Prince Philip, Duke of Edinburgh (d. 2021)
* 1921 – Oskar Gröning, German SS member (d. 2018)
* 1922 – Judy Garland, American actress (d. 1969)
* 1922 – Bill Kerr, Australian actor (d. 2014)
* 1923 – Robert Maxwell, Slovakian–born media tycoon (d. 1991)
* 1924 – Friedrich L. Bauer, German computer scientist (d. 2014)
* 1925 – James Salter, American writer (d. 2015)
* 1925 – Leo Gravelle, Canadian ice hockey player
* 1926 – Lionel Jeffries, British actor (d. 2010)
* 1927 – Lin Yang-kang, Chinese politician (d. 2013)
* 1928 – Maurice Sendak, American writer and illustrator (d. 2012)
* 1929 – E. O. Wilson, American biologist, researcher, theorist, naturalist and author
* 1929 – Harald Juhnke, German actor and comedian (d. 2005)
* 1929 – James McDivitt, American astronaut
* 1929 – Lyudmila Zykina, Russian singer (d. 2009)
* 1929 – Yevgeniy Chazov, Russian physician
* 1930 – Aranka Siegal, Czech–born American writer and Holocaust survivor
* 1930 – Ilya Glazunov, Russian painter (d. 2017)
* 1930 – Chen Xitong, Chinese politician, 8th Mayor of Beijing (d. 2013)
* 1931 – Bryan Cartledge, English diplomat
* 1931 – Joao Gilberto, Brazilian singer and guitarist
* 1932 – Philipp Jenninger, German politician (d. 2018)
* 1933 – Georgi Atanasov, former Prime Minister of Bulgaria
* 1934 – Alois Mock, Austrian politician (d. 2017)
* 1936 – Eugenio Bersellini, Italian footballer (d. 2017)
* 1938 – Violetta Villas, Belgian–born Polish singer, songwriter, composer and actress (d. 2011)
* 1939 – Joe Bossano, former Chief Minister of Gibraltar
* 1941 – Jürgen Prochnow, German actor
* 1941 – Shirley Owens, American singer (Shirelles)
* 1941 – Mickey Jones, American drummer and actor
* 1942 – Arthur Hamilton, Lord Hamilton, Scottish judge
* 1942 – Lopo do Nascimento, 1st Prime Minister of Angola
* 1943 – Simon Jenkins, English journalist
* 1943 – Edward Peel, English actor
* 1944 – Ze'ev Friedman, Polish–born Israeli weightlifter (d. 1972)
* 1947 – Nicole Bricq, French politician (d. 2017)
* 1949 – Frankie Faison, American actor
* 1949 – John Sentamu, Archbishop of York
* 1949 – Kevin Corcoran, American actor (d. 2015)

### 1951 – 1975

* 1953 – John Edwards, American politician
* 1953 – Bill Longmuir, Scottish golfer
* 1954 – Rich Hall, American comedian and writer
* 1955 – Annette Schavan, German politician
* 1956 – Rolandas Paksas, former President of Lithuania
* 1959 – Carlo Ancelotti, Italian footballer and football manager
* 1959 – Eliot Spitzer, American politician, former Governor of New York
* 1960 – Mark-Anthony Turnage, English composer
* 1960 – Maxi Priest, English singer
* 1961 – Kim Deal, American singer–songwriter and musician
* 1962 – Gina Gershon, American actress
* 1962 – Akie Abe, wife of Prime Minister of Japan Shinzo Abe
* 1963 – Nadia Hasnaoui, Norwegian television presenter
* 1963 – Brad Henry, American politician, 26th Governor of Oklahoma
* 1963 – Jeanne Tripplehorn, American actress
* 1964 – Jimmy Chamberlin, American musician
* 1964 – Stuart McCall, Scottish footballer and manager
* 1964 – Kate Flannery, American actress
* 1965 – Elizabeth Hurley, British actress
* 1965 – Veronica Ferres, German actress
* 1965 – Joey Santiago, Filipino–American musician and songwriter
* 1966 – David Platt, English footballer
* 1967 – Paul Maskey, Northern Irish politician
* 1967 – Heimir Hallgrímsson, Icelandic dentist and football coach
* 1968 – Bill Burr, American comedian and writer
* 1969 – Ronny Johnsen, Norwegian footballer
* 1969 – Helen Young, English television presenter
* 1969 – Jane Hill, English television journalist
* 1970 – Chris Coleman, Welsh footballer and coach
* 1970 – Katsuhiro Harada, Japanese game designer, director and producer
* 1971 – Bruno N'Gotty, French footballer
* 1971 – Bobby Jindal, American politician, former Governor of Louisiana
* 1973 – Faith Evans, American singer
* 1974 – Dustin Lance Black, American director, producer and screenwriter
* 1974 – Simon Elliott, New Zealand footballer
* 1974 – Mohamed Emara, Egyptian footballer
* 1975 – Henrik Pedersen, Danish footballer
* 1975 – Risto Jussilainen, Finnish ski jumper

### From 1976

* 1976 – George Friedrich, Prince of Prussia
* 1978 – Shane West, American musician and actor
* 1979 – Assi Azar, Israeli television host
* 1980 – Wang Yaegu, Singaporean table tennis player
* 1980 – Jessica DiCicco, American actress
* 1981 – Prince Hashim bin Al Hussein of Jordan
* 1981 – Nicky Whelan, Australian actress and model
* 1982 – Laleh Pourkarim, Iranian–Swedish singer
* 1982 – Princess Madeleine of Sweden
* 1982 – Tara Lipinski, American figure skater
* 1983 – Leelee Sobieski, American actress
* 1983 – Steve von Bergen, Swiss footballer
* 1983 – Marion Barber III, American football player
* 1985 – Kristina Lundberg, Swedish ice hockey player
* 1985 – Kaia Kanepi, Estonian tennis player
* 1985 – Vasilis Torosidis, Greek footballer
* 1985 – Andy Schleck, Luxembourg cyclist
* 1986 – Keith Harkin, Irish singer-songwriter and actor
* 1987 – Martin Harnik, Austrian footballer
* 1989 – Alexandra Stan, Romanian singer
* 1991 – Juan Jesus, Brazilian footballer
* 1992 – Kate Upton, American model and actress
* 1994 – Annefleur Kalvenhaar, Dutch cyclist (d. 2014)
* 1996 – Kristjan Ilves, Estonian skier
* 1999 – Blanche, Belgian singer
* 2001 – Sasha Obama, daughter of Barack Obama

## Deaths

### Up to 1900

* 323 BC – Alexander the Great (b. c. 355 BC)
* 38 – Julia Drusilla, sister of Caligula (b. 16)
* 223 – Liu Bei, Chinese Emperor (b. 161)
* 1075 – Ernest, Margrave of Austria (b. 1027)
* 1190 – Frederick I, Holy Roman Emperor (Frederick Barbarossa) (b. 1122)
* 1556 – Martin Agricola, German composer (b. 1486)
* 1580 – Luis de Camoes, Portuguese poet
* 1654 – Alessandro Algardi, Italian sculptor (b. 1598)
* 1680 – Johan Goransson Gyllenstierna, Swedish statesman (b. 1635)
* 1692 – Bridget Bishop, English–born alleged witch (b. 1632)
* 1776 – Hsinbyushin, Burmese King (b. 1736)
* 1799 – Chevalier de Saint-Georges, Caribbean–French violinist, composer and conductor (b. 1745)
* 1811 – Charles Frederick, Grand Duke of Baden, German aristocrat (b. 1728)
* 1836 – Andre-Marie Ampere, French mathematician (b. 1775)
* 1896 – Amelia Dyer, British murderer of babies (b. 1829)
* 1898 – Tuone Udaina, Croatian–Italian barber, last speaker of the Dalmatian language
* 1899 – Ernest Chausson, French composer (b. 1855)

### 1901 – 2000

* 1902 – Jacint Verdaguer, Catalan poet (b. 1845)
* 1903 – Luigi Cremona, Italian mathematician, statistician and politician (b. 1830)
* 1906 – Richard Seddon, Prime Minister of New Zealand (b. 1845)
* 1918 – Arrigo Boito, Italian composer (b. 1842)
* 1923 – Pierre Loti, French soldier and author (b. 1850)
* 1924 – Giacomo Matteotti, Italian Socialist politician (b. 1885)
* 1926 – Antoni Gaudi, Catalan architect (b. 1852)
* 1930 – Adolf von Harnack, German historian and theologian (b. 1851)
* 1934 – Frederick Delius, English composer (b. 1862)
* 1937 – Robert Borden, Prime Minister of Canada (b. 1854)
* 1940 – Marcus Garvey, African American publicist and political activist (b. 1887)
* 1946 – Jack Johnson, American boxer (b. 1878)
* 1949 – Sigrid Undset, Norwegian writer (b. 1882)
* 1955 – Margaret Abbott, American golfer (b. 1876)
* 1962 – Francisco Bru, Spanish footballer, coach and referee (b. 1885)
* 1967 – Spencer Tracy, American actor (b. 1900)
* 1974 – Prince Henry, Duke of Gloucester (b. 1900)
* 1976 – Adolph Zukor, Hungarian producer (b. 1873)
* 1982 – Rainer Werner Fassbinder, German director and actor (b. 1945)
* 1988 – Louis L'Amour, American writer (b. 1908)
* 1992 – Hachidai Nakamura, Japanese composer and pianist (b. 1931)
* 1993 – Les Dawson, English comedian (b. 1934)
* 1996 – Jo Van Fleet, American actress (b. 1914)
* 1998 – Hammond Innes, English actor (b. 1914)
* 2000 – Hafez al-Assad, President of Syria (b. 1930)

### From 2001

* 2001 – Leila Pahlavi, daughter of Mohammed Reza Pahlavi (b. 1970)
* 2002 – John Gotti, American criminal (b. 1940)
* 2003 – Bernard Williams, English philosopher (b. 1929)
* 2004 – Ray Charles, American singer (b. 1930)
* 2004 – Xenophon Zolotas, Greek politician (b. 1904)
* 2007 – Laurence Mancuso, American religious leader (b. 1934)
* 2008 – Chinghiz Aitmatov, Kyrgyz writer (b. 1928)
* 2010 – Ferdinand Oyono, Cameroonian writer (b. 1929)
* 2010 – Sigmar Polke, German painter (b. 1941)
* 2011 – Patrick Leigh Fermor, British soldier and writer (b. 1915)
* 2012 – George Saitoti, Kenyan politician (b. 1945)
* 2013 – Enrique Orizaola, Spanish footballer (b. 1922)
* 2013 – Barbara Vucanovich, American politician (b. 1921)
* 2014 – Gerald Nicholas McAllister, American Anglican prelate (b. 1923)
* 2015 – Wolfgang Jeschke, German science fiction writer (b. 1936)
* 2015 – Robert Chartoff, American movie producer (b. 1933)
* 2016 – Gordie Howe, Canadian ice hockey player (b. 1928)
* 2016 – Alex Govan, Scottish footballer (b. 1929)
* 2016 – Habib, Iranian singer (b. 1952)
* 2016 – Mary Feik, American aviatrix (b. 1924)
* 2016 – Alexander Gorlov, Russian politician (b. 1931)
* 2016 – Gopal Gurung, Nepalese politician and author (b. 1935)
* 2016 – Alfred Oftedal Telhaug, Norwegian educator (b. 1934)
* 2016 – Giuseppe Virgili, Italian footballer (b. 1935)
* 2016 – Christina Grimmie, American singer (b. 1994)
* 2017 – Chi Po-lin, Taiwanese photographer and director (b. 1964)
* 2017 – Austin Deasy, Irish politician (b. 1936)
* 2017 – Samuel V. Wilson, American army general (b. 1923)
* 2017 – Helen Freedhoff, Canadian theoretical physicist (b. 1940)
* 2018 – Neal E. Boyd, American pop singer and reality show contestant (b. 1975)
* 2018 – Liliana Ross, Italian–Chilean actress (b. 1939)
* 2019 – Girish Karnad, Indian actor, writer and director (b. 1938)
* 2019 – Lee Hee-ho, First Lady of South Korea (b. 1922)
* 2019 – Crazy Mohan, Indian comedian, actor and screenwriter (b. 1952)
* 2019 – Paul "Lil' Buck" Sinegal, American guitarist and singer–songwriter (b. 1944)
* 2019 – Wang Jun, Chinese business executive (b. 1941)

## Observances

* Day of Camoes, Portugal Day (Portugal)
* Reconciliation Day (Republic of the Congo)
* Army Day (Jordan)
* Abolition Day (French Guiana)