Rikunarita-ORG/Wikinium huggingface dataset:
# GameRankings

GameRankings| Type of site | Gaming |
| Dissolved | 2019 |
| Owner | CBS Interactive |
| Created by | Scott Bedard |
| URL | GameRankings.com |
| Commercial | Yes |
| Launched | 1999 |
| Current status | Defunct |

**GameRankings** was a gaming review website. The website received reviews from other publications and gave an average rating. It had over 315,000 articles relating to more than 14,500 video games.

GameRankings was owned by CBS Interactive. Similar websites include GameStats, Metacritic, MobyGames, and TopTenReviews.

## Shutdown

In late 2019, GameRankings was shutting down, with every link being moved to Metacritic.

## Other websites

* GameRankings Archived 2012-03-01 at the Wayback Machine
* "High Scores Matter To Game Makers, Too" Archived 2008-07-24 at the Wayback Machine, *The Wall Street Journal*, September 20, 2007.
# MetroLyrics

**MetroLyrics** is a lyrics-dedicated website. It was founded in 2002. The database has over a million songs. These were created by more than 16,000 artists.

## History

It was the first lyrics-dedicated site to license licensing aggregator Gracenote Inc.'s lyrics catalogue in April 2008. Through this lyrics licensing model, lyrics copyright holders accrue royalty revenue when their work is displayed on MetroLyrics.com. Royalties are paid on all displayed lyrics. They are also handled via Gracenote.

In January 2013, LyricFind acquired Gracenote's lyrics licensing business. They merged it in with their own. MetroLyrics' licensing model is distinct. This is because lots of lyric websites still offer content that is unlicensed and copyright infringing.

MetroLyrics was acquired by CBS Interactive in October 2011.
# CBS News 24/7

**CBS News 24/7** is an television news channel. It is operated by CBS News and CBS Interactive divisions of CBS Corporation. It was started on November 6, 2014. Their first sponsors were Microsoft and Amazon.com.
# WBZ-TV

**WBZ-TV** is a television station in Boston, Massachusetts in the United States. It is owned by CBS. It is received on channel 4 in eastern Massachusetts, Rhode Island, and southern New Hampshire.

## History

WBZ-TV first went on the air on June 9, 1948. It is the oldest television station in Boston. It is also the oldest television station in the New England states. It was originally owned by Westinghouse Electric Corporation. The station showed programs from the NBC network when it first went on the air. On January 2, 1995, WBZ-TV stopped showing NBC programs and started showing CBS programs. Before then, CBS programs aired on WHDH-TV, which now airs NBC programs. The reason Channel 4 switched networks is because Westinghouse Electric agreed to merge with CBS, and all Westinghouse channels became CBS stations.
# WJZ-TV

WJZ-TV|  |
| Baltimore, Maryland United States |
| Channels | Digital: 11 (VHF) Virtual: 13 |
| Branding | WJZ; *WJZ News* / *CBS News Baltimore* |
| Programming |
| Affiliations | * **13.1:** CBS
* *for others, see § Subchannels*
 |
| Ownership |
| Owner | CBS News and Stations (CBS Television Licenses LLC) |
| History |
| Founded | May 1946 |
| First air date | November 1, 1948 (1948-11-01) |
| Former call signs | WAAM (1948–1957) |
| Former channel number(s) | * **Analog:** 13 (VHF, 1948–2009)
* **Digital:** 38 (UHF, 1998–2009), 13 (VHF, 2009–2020)
 |
| Former affiliations | * ABC (1948–1995)
* DuMont (secondary, 1948–1956)
 |
| Call sign meaning | Taken from the former WJZ radio, now WABC |
| Technical information |
| Licensing authority | FCC |
| Facility ID | 25455 |
| ERP | 30 kW |
| HAAT | 305 m (1,001 ft) |
| Transmitter coordinates | ﻿ / ﻿ |
| Links |
| Public license information  | Profile LMS |
| Website | www.cbsnews.com/baltimore/ |

**WJZ-TV** (channel 13) is the CBS owned television station in Baltimore, Maryland, United States.

## History

The station started in 1948 as **WAAM-TV**, the third station in Baltimore. It was owned by brothers Ben & Herman Cohen. It was an ABC affiliate at the time.

## Subchannels

Subchannels of WJZ-TV| Channel | Res. | Aspect | Short name | Programming |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 13.1 | 1080i | 16:9 | WJZ-TV | Main WJZ-TV programming / CBS |
| 13.2 | 480i | StartTV | Start TV |
| 13.3 | Dabl | Dabl |
| 13.4 | FaveTV | Fave TV |
| 13.5 | Catchy | Catchy Comedy |
| 13.6 | Movies | Movies! |
# The Movie Channel

The Movie Channel|  |
| Headquarters | New York City |
| Programming |
| Language(s) | * English
* Spanish (as SAP option; some films may be broadcast in their native language and subtitled in English)
 |
| Timeshift service | * The Movie Channel East
* The Movie Channel West
* The Movie Channel Xtra East
* The Movie Channel Xtra West
 |
| Ownership |
| Sister channels |
List
* + Showtime
	+ Flix
	+ CBS
	+ CBS Sports Network
	+ The CW
	+ Smithsonian Channel
	+ Pop TV
	+ TV Land
	+ MTV
	+ VH1
	+ Nickelodeon
	+ Paramount Network
	+ Logo
	+ CMT
	+ BET
	+ Comedy Central
 |
| History |
| Former names | * **TMC**: (Warner) Star Channel (1973–1979)
* **TMC Xtra**: The Movie Channel 2 (1997–2001)
 |
| Links |
| Website | www.sho.com/the-movie-channel |

**The Movie Channel** is a premium cable channel to produce movies, and original movies. It was originally owned by independent until it was acquired by Warner Communications in 1975 and joint venture with American Express, Warner-Amex Satellite Entertainment until it was bought by Viacom in 1983 and merged with Showtime to form Showtime/The Movie Channel. In 2005, Viacom split into two companies Viacom and CBS Corporation. It headquarted in New York City.
# Nickelodeon Group

Nickelodeon Group|  |
| Company type | Division |
| Industry | Entertainment |
| Founded | May 1, 2002 |
| Brands | * Nickelodeon
* Nick Jr.
	+ Nick Jr. Channel
* Nick at Nite
* Nicktoons
* TeenNick
* NickMusic
* Noggin
 |
| Owner | Paramount Media Networks |
| Subsidiaries | * Nickelodeon Productions
* Nickelodeon Animation Studio
* Paws, Inc.
 |
| Website | nick.com |

The **Nickelodeon Group** is a company made on the first of May in 2002 to hold Nickelodeon and Nick jr. It owns all of the Nickelodeon brands and the Noggin brands. Nickelodeon is known for many popular shows like The Loud House,SpongeBob SquarePants, and ICarly. The name is normally shortened to **The Nick Group.**

## Defunct

* NickMom
* Noggin
* Pinwheel
* The N
* TEENnick
* Nick in the afternoon
* Nickelodeon on CBS
# Nick at Nite

Nick at Nite| Logo used since September 18, 2023 |
| Country | United States |
| Broadcast area | United States |
| Network | Nickelodeon |
| Headquarters | One Astor Plaza New York City, New York, U.S. |
| Programming |
| Language(s) | English Spanish (via SAP audio track) |
| Picture format | 1080i HDTV (downscaled to letterboxed 480i for the SDTV feed) |
| Ownership |
| Owner | Paramount Media Networks |
| Sister channels | * Nickelodeon
* Nicktoons
* Nick Jr.
* TeenNick
* NickMusic
 |
| History |
| Launched | July 1, 1985 (1985-07-01) |
| Links |
| Website | www.nickatnite.com |

**Nick at Nite** (stylized as **nick@nite**) is an American nighttime programming block. It is broadcast on the same channel as Nickelodeon. It usually broadcasts from 9 p.m. to 7 a.m. (Mondays-Saturdays) and 8 p.m. to 7 a.m. (Sundays)ET/PT. The block is marketed as a separate network from Nickelodeon for ratings purposes, similar to Cartoon Network, Adult Swim's late-night block.

Nick at Nite primarily appeals to adult and older youth audiences, mainly carrying syndicated sitcoms and films from as recent as the mid-2010s to the late 1980s.

Via Nickelodeon, Nick at Nite is available in 92.0 million households in North America as of January 2016.

Logo used since October 6, 2012, used concurrently with the 2023 logo.
## Related pages

* Cozi TV

## Other websites

* Official website
* Nick at Nite at the Wayback Machine (archive index)
* Nites TV
# Nickelodeon (Latin America)

Nickelodeon Latin America| Logo used since August 29, 2023 |
| Country | Latin America |
| Headquarters | Miami Beach, Florida |
| Programming |
| Language(s) | Spanish |
| Picture format | 1080i HDTV (downscaled to 480i for the SD feed) |
| Ownership |
| Owner | Paramount Networks Americas (Paramount Global) |
| Sister channels | Nick Jr. |
| History |
| Launched | 20 December 1996 (1996-12-20) |
| Links |
| Website | Official Site |

**Nickelodeon** is a cable and satellite TV, for Latin American children, teens and adults.

The channel has also a broadband channel called Nick Turbo (the Latin American version of TurboNick) and a block called Nick-at-Nite that airs old series.

## History

Launched on 20 December 1996, Nickelodeon was launched in Latin America to compete with their main rival, Cartoon Network, launched 3 years before.

Later, on 2000, Nickelodeon launches MundoNick.com, the official site of Nickelodeon, allowing kids to vote for their favorite cartoons in special blocks like "Nick VS Nick", "InterNick" and "Click Nick". A broadband radio was available called "Nick Radio", then it was replaced for Nick Jr. official site.

In 2005, Nickelodeon launches Fantabuloso, a block similar to TEENick, airing the same TV shows that TEENick does. Later it was replaced for Nick-at-Nite.

In 2006 Nick-at-Nite was launched in Nickelodeon, replacing Fantabuloso.

On May 15, 2006, and original production called Skimo was premiered on Mondays 8pm, for being abruptly cancelled the following year after 4 seasons and 49 episodes.

On June 9, 2008, another original production was premiered, a live action show called Nickers, very similar to Disney Channel's counterpart Zapping Zone, buit with it´s own differences.

## Nickelodeon Latin America projects

### Summer Beach House

Summer Beach House is a marathon of Nickelodeon aired on weekday afternoons during the summer on Nickelodeon from June to August in 2002 and 2003. It featured Nicktoon cartoon characters hanging out at a beach house during the block. The block was seen weekdays from 12 Noon to 5 PM ET / PT.

### Revista Nick

Revista Nick (Nick Magazine) was launched in 27 November 2004. It contains informative non-fiction pieces, humor, interviews, pranks, and a big comic book section in the center featuring original comics by leading underground cartoonists as well as strips about popular Nicktoons. It's available for people inside Mexico only.

### Fantabuloso

Fantabuloso was a block played on Sunday and Saturday nights, similar to TEENick. The block was aimed toward children ages 12-17. The block was replaced for Nick-at-Nite

### Nick-at-Nite

*Nick-at-Nite* was launched on 2006, replacing Fantabuloso, broadcasted everyday from 10:00 PM to 6:00 AM.

## Other websites

* Official Site
# Nickelodeon (Italian TV channel)

Nickelodeon| Logo used since 2023 |
| Country | Italy |
| Broadcast area | Italy San Marino Vatican City |
| Programming |
| Language(s) | Italian, Original |
| Picture format | 576i (SDTV) |
| Timeshift service | Nickelodeon +1 |
| Ownership |
| Owner | ViacomCBS Networks EMEAA |
| Sister channels | Nick Jr. |
| History |
| Launched | 1 November 2004 (2004-11-01) |
| Links |
| Website | nicktv.it |
| Availability |
|  |
| Streaming media |
| Sky Go | Nickelodeon |
| Sky Kids | Nickelodeon |
| Now TV | Nickelodeon |
|  |

**Nickelodeon** is an Italian television channel. It launched on 1 November 2004 on Sky Italia.
From 1997 until 2000, Rai Sat 2 broadcast Nickelodeon cartoons for three hours a day.

## History

The channel was launched on 1 November 2004. At first, it shared its frequency with Comedy Central. Nickelodeon broadcast during the day and Commedy Central broadcast at night. On 31 July 2009 a +1 timeshift version was launched. The same day Nick Jr. was launched. It replaced RaiSat YOYO. RaiSat YOYO became free and is now named Rai Yoyo. On 9 September 2013, Nickelodean and the +1 version of the network changed to a 16:9 widescreen wikt:aspect:aspect ratio.
# Nick Jr. (German TV channel)

Nick Jr. Germany| Logo used since 5 February 2024 |
| Country | Germany |
| Broadcast area | Germany Austria Switzerland Liechtenstein Luxembourg |
| Network | Paramount Networks EMEAA |
| Headquarters | Berlin, Germany |
| Programming |
| Language(s) | German |
| Picture format | 576i (16:9 SDTV) 1080i (HDTV) |
| Ownership |
| Owner | Paramount Networks EMEAA |
| Sister channels | Nicktoons (Germany), Nickelodeon (Germany) |
| History |
| Launched | September 12, 2005 (block) March 31, 2009 (channel) |
| Links |
| Website | Nick Jr. Germany |

**Nick Jr.** is a German television channel. It broadcasts for children in Germany, Switzerland and Austria. The channel was launched on September 12, 2005. It was first launched as a programming block on Nickelodeon. The channel began broadcasts as a separate channel from March 31, 2009. Before the channel launched, some of its programs were broadcast on Super RTL and Disney Channel.

On 1 April 2020, Nick Jr. and Nicktoons were added to Sky Deutschland. They replaced Disney Junior.

The channel also had a block on the original version of Nickelodeon Germany. It lasted from 5 July 1995 until 31 May 1998.
# Nicktoons (American TV channel)

Nicktoons|  |
| Country | United States |
| Broadcast area | United States |
| Network | Nickelodeon |
| Headquarters | One Astor Plaza New York City, U.S. |
| Programming |
| Language(s) | English |
| Picture format | 1080i HDTV (downscaled to letterboxed 480i for the SDTV feed) |
| Ownership |
| Owner | Paramount Media Networks |
| Sister channels | Nickelodeon Nick at Nite TeenNick Nick Jr. Channel NickMusic |
| History |
| Launched | May 1, 2002 (2002-05-01) |
| Former names | Nicktoons TV (2002–03) Nicktoons (2003-05) Nicktoons Network (2005–09) |
| Links |
| Website | www.nick.com |

**Nicktoons** (formerly **Nicktoons TV** and **Nicktoons Network**) is an American pay television channel owned by the Nickelodeon Group, a sub-division of the Paramount Media Networks division of Paramount Skydance. Launched on May 1, 2002, the channel is geared towards children in middle childhood years aged 7 to 11, and serves as an extension of the eponymous brand used by Nickelodeon for its original animated programming.

As of December 2023, Nicktoons is available to approximately 43 million pay television households in the United States, down from its peak of 69 million households in 2013.

## Logos

 Nicktoons logo used from 2014 to 2023.
## Related pages

* Nicktoons
* Nickelodeon
* Nick Jr.

## Programming

* *Hey Arnold*
* *The Wild Thornberrys*
* *Rugrats*
* *The Angry Beavers*
* *All Grown Up*
* *As Told by Ginger*
* *Avatar, The Last Airbender*
* *The Legend of Korra*
* *The Loud House*
* *The Casagrandes*
* *SpongeBob SquarePants*
* *The Fairly OddParents*
* *Breadwinners*
* *Harvey Beaks*
* *Bunsen is a Beast*
* *Invader Zim*
* *It's Pony*
* *Wild Grinders*
* *Pig Goat Banana Cricket*
* *Random! Cartoons*
* *Robot and Monster*
* *El Tigre, The Adventures of Manny Rivera*
* *Fanboy & Chum Chum*
* *The Adventures of Jimmy Neutron, Boy Genius*
* *Planet Sheen*
* *The Penguins of Madagascar*
* *Monsters vs. Aliens*
* *TMNT (2012)*
* *T.U.F.F. Puppy*
* *The Mighty B!*
* *CatDog*
* *Back at the Barnyard*
* *Making Fiends*
* *Kung Fu Panda: Legends of Awesomeness*
# Ego (TV channel)

EGO| Ownership |
| --- |
| Owner | Ananey Communications (Disney Platform Distribution) |
| History |
| Launched | 2002 |
| Links |
| Website |  |

**Ego Channel** is an Israeli digital cable television channel that launched in 2002. Ego's programming is tailored to the "hot-blooded 18-45 male audience". Ego is owned by Ananey Communications, a subsidiary of Disney Platform Distribution.

Programming occurs across four categories:

* Non-fiction action
* Finance
* Boys' toys
* Adult.

## Other websites

* "Official Site". Archived from the original on 2008-06-01.
# Paramount Networks UK & Australia

Paramount Networks UK & Australia|  |
| Company type | Division |
| Industry | Television |
| Founded | 14 January 2020 (2020-01-14) |
| Headquarters | London, England, UK |
| Area served | United Kingdom, Ireland, Australia, New Zealand |
| Products | Television channel |
| Parent | Paramount International Networks |

**Paramount Networks UK & Australia** is a part of Paramount Global. They used to be known as ViacomCBS Networks UK & Australia. For Nick Jr.
# 5Select

5Select|  |
| Country | United Kingdom |
| Broadcast area | United Kingdom |
| Network | Channel 5 |
| Programming |
| Language(s) | English |
| Picture format | 16:9 576i SDTV |
| Ownership |
| Owner | Channel 5 Broadcasting Ltd UK ViacomCBS Networks UK & Australia |
| Sister channels | * 5Star
* 5USA
* Channel 5
* Paramount Network
 |
| History |
| Launched | 13 February 2018 (2018-02-13) |
| Replaced | My5 |
| Links |
| Website | channel5.com |
| Availability |
|  |
| Terrestrial |
| Freeview | Channel 55 |
|  |

**5Select** is a free television channel in the United Kingdom. It shows documentaries, dramas, comedies, and other programmes from Channel 5. It started on 13 February 2018. At first, it was going to be called "5Prime", but was called "5Select" in the end instead.
And different channel Called My5.
# MTV 80s

**MTV 80s** was the British version of the international music TV channel MTV 80s, which began broadcasting on 31 March 2022, replacing MTV Classic. It was first launched as a temporary rebrand of MTV Classic from 28 February to 31 March 2020.
# Seven Network

**Seven Network** is one of three major television networks in Australia. It started broadcasting in 1956. In recent years, it has grown into a diversified media company. Seven Network's main shareholder is Kerry Stokes.

Seven Network's studio headquarters are in a converted warehouse at Jones Bay Wharf in Pyrmont, Sydney. Its headquarters for its news department are in Martin Place, Sydney. Seven's major production facilities are at Epping in Sydney's northern suburbs. Seven Network are planning to move their production facilities to a specially built site at the Australian Technology Park in Redfern.
# HDNet Movies

**HDNet Movies** is an American digital cable and satellite television network. It is owned and operated by HDNet LLC, operating as a subsidiary of AXS TV LLC. It features theatrically released films and documentaries, which are presented in high definition and without commercial interruption or editing for content. It was launched in 2001. As of fall 2024, movies now have frequent commercial interruptions and are censored for content.
# Viacom (original)

Viacom Inc.| Final logo, used from 1990 to 2005 |
| Headquarters at One Astor Plaza in New York City |
| Formerly | * CBS Television Film Sales (1952–1958)
* CBS Films (1958–1968)
* CBS Enterprises Inc. (1968–1970)
 |
| Company type | Public |
| Traded as | NYSE: VIA |
| Industry | Broadcasting and publishing |
| Founded | March 16, 1952 (1952-03-16) |
| Founder | Ralph Baruch |
| Defunct | December 31, 2005 (2005-12-31) |
| Fate | Split into the second incarnations of CBS Corporation and Viacom |
| Successors | * CBS Corporation (legal successor)
* Viacom (spun off)
 |
| Headquarters | One Astor Plaza, New York City, United States |
| Area served | Worldwide |
| Key people | Sumner Redstone (Chairman and CEO) Tom Freston (Co-President and Co-COO) Les Moonves (Co-President and Co-COO) |
| Parent | CBS (1952–1971) National Amusements (1987–2005) |
| Divisions | CBS Radio Viacom Productions Viacom International CBS Sports Viacom Outdoor |
| Subsidiaries | CBS Paramount Pictures MTV Networks Showtime Networks BET Networks Paramount Parks Famous Players Simon & Schuster King World Productions UPN Westinghouse Licensing Corporation |

**Viacom** (short for **Vi**deo & **A**udio **Com**munications) was an American media company. It was founded in New York City in 1971. The company existed until 2005 when the company changed its name to CBS Corporation. Viacom made television programs and television networks. Networks created by Viacom including CBS, UPN, MTV, CMT, MTV2, Nickelodeon, Nick Jr., Nicktoons TV, The N and Nickelodeon Games and Sports for Kids. The company was owned by Columbia Broadcasting System until 1973. After this, it was an independant company. In 1986, it was sold to National Amusements. In March 2005, Viacom announced that it would be splitting into two companies. This happened on December 31, 2005. The existing Viacom was renamed CBS Corporation, and a new company named Viacom was created.
# Lists of Paramount Pictures movies

This is a **list of Paramount Pictures movies by year**:

Logo used since 2022
## Lists

* List of Paramount Pictures movies (1912–1919)
* List of Paramount Pictures movies (1920–1929)
* List of Paramount Pictures movies (1930–1939)
* List of Paramount Pictures movies (1940–1949)
* List of Paramount Pictures movies (1950–1959)
* List of Paramount Pictures movies (1960–1969)
* List of Paramount Pictures movies (1970–1979)
* List of Paramount Pictures movies (1980–1989)
* List of Paramount Pictures movies (1990–1999)
* List of Paramount Pictures movies (2000–2009)
* List of Paramount Pictures movies (2010–2019)
* List of Paramount Pictures movies (2020–2029)

## Related pages

* Paramount Pictures

## Other websites

Paramount Pictures Complete Library
# Electronic Gaming Monthly

Electronic Gaming Monthly (abbreviated as EGM) is an American video game magazine published by Ziff Davis that started in 1989. It's one of the most popular gaming magazines in America.

## April Fools' Day

Every April Fools' Day, *Electronic Gaming Monthly* does an April Fools' Day joke. One of the most famous is when they said that Sonic and Tails can be found in *Super Smash Bros. Melee* if the player completes a very hard task, and for a long time after that, people thought that they really were in. Sonic later appeared in *Super Smash Bros. Brawl*.
# Tunisian campaign

| Tunisian campaign |
| --- |
| Part of the North African Campaign of World War II |
|  German and Italian POWs |
|

|  |  |
| --- | --- |
| Date | 17 November 1942 – 13 May 1943 |
| Location | Tunisia |
| Result |
Decisive Allied victory The Axis forces were pushed back out of North Africa |

 |
| Belligerents |
|  United Kingdom  United States  Free France  New Zealand  Kingdom of Greece |  Nazi Germany  Fascist Italy |
| Commanders and leaders |
|  Dwight D. Eisenhower  Lloyd Frederick (6 March 1943–)  George S. Patton  Harold Alexander  Bernard Montgomery  Kenneth Anderson  Alphonse Juin  |  Albert Kesselring  Erwin Rommel (9 March 1943–)  Hans-Jürgen von Arnim  Giovanni Messe |
| Casualties and losses |
|
76,020 deaths 849 aircrafts destroyed over 340 tanks damaged or destroyed |
290,000 – 362,000 casualties (238,000 captured) 2,422 aircrafts damaged and 600 others lost 450 tanks damaged or destroyed |

The **Tunisian campaign** (**Battle of Tunisia**) refers to battles occurred in Tunisia in the North African Campaign of World War II. The Allies, led by the United Kingdom, United States and Free France, won.

## Operation Torch and standoffs

The Allied forces, after won Operation Torch, advanced to the east from Algeria, but these two forces were blocked at the German positions built in the Dom d'Or Saleh Mountains in the Atlas Mountains.

In the south, Field Marshal Erwin Rommel was concentrating his forces and developed a defensive position in Tunisia. This made two coalitions halted in Tunisia, creating a standoff.

## Plans

The Axis' plan was to develop a defensive position with Erwin Rommel, Hans-Jürgen von Arnim and Giovanni Messe, while the US-UK forces planned to attack. The Allies' mission was to block the Axis' reserves confronting the British Eight Army while the Eight Army was advancing to the north of Gabès.

## Campaign

### German attacks and withdrawal

On 17 February 1942, the 10th and 21st Panzer Divisions of the German 5th Panzer Army attacked the American forces stationed at Sidi Bouzid and forced them back to Kasserine. However, the German attacks were stopped at this pass and a tedious defensive battle happened. Meanwhile, supply lines from Italy were halted by Allied air forces and the Mareth Line was defended successfully. However, Field Marshal Bernard Montgomery launched a second counter-offensive and X Corps penetrated through the Mareth Line, the Axis forces withdrew from the Mareth Line by 31 March.