Rikunarita-ORG/Wikinium huggingface dataset:
# United States Army Rangers

The **United States Army Rangers** are designated U.S. Army Ranger units, past or present, or are graduates of the U.S. Army Ranger School. The term *ranger* has been in use unofficially as a military term since the early 17th century.
# Hyper (magazine)

Hyper was an Australian monthly magazine that focused on video games, anime, and other media. It ran from 1993 until 2019, making it the longest running gaming magazine in Australia. The magazine was produced in Strawberry Hills, New South Wales. The first issue, released in December 1993, had Chun-Li from *Street Fighter* on the cover and spotlighted the upcoming the 3DO.

In 2014, *Hyper* would switch to a quarterly publication format. In 2018, *Hyper* was bought by Future plc.

The numbers of copies in circulation and advertising for the magazine was the lowest it had been in 2018. Main editor Daniel Wilks would leave the magazine for good in 2018 and David Hollingworth would take over in the position.

The last issue was in January 2002, with the main feature being Nintendo themed and had Samus Aran, Captain Falcon, and Ike on the cover.
# Tom Spurgeon

Tom Spurgeon by Michael Netzer
**Thomas Spurgeon** (December 16, 1968 – November 13, 2019) was an American writer, historian and editor. He worked in the field of comics, known for his five-year run as editor of *The Comics Journal* and his blog *The Comics Reporter*. He was a three time winner of the Eisner Award. Spurgeon was born in Muncie, Indiana.

Spurgeon died on November 13, 2019 in Columbus, Ohio at age 51.

## Other websites

* The Comics Reporter
* "Chasing Tom Spurgeon", interview (June 13, 2005)
* Tom Spurgeon | On the Serious Side (February 26, 2010)
# Evaluation

Evaluation is the process of coming to a judgment about how good something is. A list of standards (a criteria) needs to be created before the judgment is made. This list defines what 'good' looks like in that situation. Whatever is being judged is then compared to this list. A judgment can then be made about how good that thing is.

## Use in education

Students are regularly evaluated in schools and universities to decide how good they are. Teachers may create a list of standards that a student must reach in order to pass a course. To be fair, this list must be applied consistently and equally to all students.

In some subjects, students may write essays. An essay is a long piece of writing that includes evaluation. Therefore, the introduction of an essay usually includes a judgment about how good something is and the list of standards that the student has used to make that judgement. The remainder of the essay is spent proving that the opinion formed is logically correct. The writer of the essay may return to the criteria frequently to demonstrate that their opinion is the correct one, given the criteria they have used.
# BitTorrent

**BitTorrent** is a peer-to-peer program, first developed in mid-2001 by Bram Cohen and BitTorrent, Inc., to use for uploading and downloading files under the BitTorrent protocol. In the protocol, a "Tracker" hosts information about any active computers which are trying to share data. Trackers are used to find other active computers, but do not store or share file data. Using the .torrent files, BitTorrent users can "Leech" (download) the files. Once a "Leecher" gets 100% of the file(s), they become a "Seeder" and helps "Seed" (upload) the files to other Leechers.

BitTorrent was the first client written for the protocol. Before version 6.0, BitTorrent was written in Python, and was free software. The source code for versions up to and including 3.4.2 were distributed under the MIT license and versions 4.x and 5.x were released under the BitTorrent Open Source License, a modified version of the Jabber Open Source License. Since version 6.0, BitTorrent is a rebranded version of µTorrent. As a result, its source is closed.

The BitTorrent protocol now has many clients, for example :

* Azureus
* BitComet
* BitLord
* BitFlu
* BitTornado
* Deluge
* KTorrent
* LimeWire
* QTorrent
* Rtorrent
* Shareaza
* Transmission
* µTorrent

## Related pages

* List of BitTorrent clients

## Other websites

* Official Website
# Wallpaper (computing)

A **wallpaper** or **background** is a digital picture used as a decorative background of a graphical user interface on the screen of a computer, smartphone or other electronic machine.
# Online dating

Since the 2010s, Internet dating has become more popular with smartphones.
**Online dating** is using websites or special applications to find like-minded users to connect and interact with each other. People can find romantic relationships, or partners for sex on such platforms. Most often, people who are single use these platforms.

Commonly, peole create an account, and add details to their profile. The platform then allows them to find other people with similar profiles. When they are searching, people could then filter the results to only include other people who are close, or who are in a certain age range.

Depending on the site, a user might be able to send a message to another user, or to do a voice call (often using VOIP).

## How online dating works

Most online dating apps require users to create an account and complete a personal profile. This profile usually includes age, location, interests, and a short description about the user. Some platforms also ask questions about lifestyle, values, and relationship goals.

After creating a profile, users can search for other members. Search tools and filters allow people to narrow results by age, distance, gender, or interests. Many platforms use matching systems or algorithms to suggest potential partners based on profile information and user activity.

Users can communicate through private messages, chat, voice calls, or video calls. Some services limit communication features to paying members.

## Problems

These sites also have a number of problems:

* There may be fake profiles, of people that do not exist.
* There are no background checks on the users; there have been several cases of sex workers using such sites.
* People on these sites may be involved in other kinds of fraud.
* Most of the time, men use such sites; the different portals usually do not publish the ratio of male to female members.
* Most of the sites are based on a subscription-model; this carries the risk of high costs, due to contracts that run for a long time, for example.

Sociologists have also pointed out other problems:

* In many cases the matching algorithms are not very good
* Very often, relationships are also based one person finding the other physically attractive. A match-making purely based on a checklist of common interests completely neglects this.
# YouTube Poop

**YouTube Poop** (**YTP**) also known simply as **a poop**, is a type of mashup or video edit created by remixing/editing preexisting media sources, often carrying subcultural meaning into a new video for humorous, satirical, obscene, absurd, and profane—as well as annoying, confusing, or dramatic purposes.

Originally from the United States, poops are now produced all over the world. The name can vary from country to country, with the country's acronym being used next to ‘YouTube Poop’; Brazilian poops, for example, use the name YouTube Poop BR, or YTPBR in its shortened form. There's also (**YTPMV**) or simply ‘**YouTube Poop Music Video**’, which is a musical genre that uses human voices, noises and robotic sounds.

## History

YouTube Poop is a subset of remix culture, in which existing ideas and media are modified and reinterpreted to create new art and media in various contexts. Forms of remix culture existed long before the internet, with Luke Dormehl of DigitalTrends listing William Burroughs' cut-up technique and samples in hip-hop as examples. Dormehl also says that “aesthetically”, YouTube Poop is similar to MTV's “frenetic editing style” in the 1980s, which featured “fast, non-linear cuts” that focused less on character or plot than on evoking a feeling.

* Burgess, Jean; Green, Joshua; Jenkins, Henry; Hartley, John (2013). *YouTube: Online Video and Participatory Culture*. John Wiley & Sons. ISBN 9780745675350.
* Coppa, Francesca (2022). "Introduction: Vidding and the Rise of Remix Culture". *Introduction: Vidding and the Rise of Remix Culture*. A History. University of Michigan Press. pp. 1–22. doi:10.3998/mpub.10069132. ISBN 978-0-472-03852-7. JSTOR 10.3998/mpub.10069132. Retrieved 13 July 2023.
* Moran, Ruth Alexandra (1 April 2017). "Concepts of the database in contemporary media practice". *International Journal of Media & Cultural Politics*. **8** (1): 21–34. doi:10.1386/iscc.8.1.21\_1.

## Other Websites

 The dictionary definition of YouTube poop at Wiktionary
# Project Nimbus

**Project Nimbus** (Hebrew: פרויקט נימבוס) is an Israeli government contract with Google and Amazon for cloud computing services. Through a $1.2 billion deal, Google and Amazon will give the Israeli government online computing tools, including AI and machine learning. Under the contract, they will set up local cloud sites in Israel to "keep information within Israel's borders under strict security guidelines." According to a Google spokesperson, the contract does not deal with highly sensitive or classified information. However, from the very start, the Israeli military and defense agencies were involved in or connected to the deal. Also, both Google and Amazon contractually cannot deny service to any part of the Israeli government, including its military. Leaked documents has said that Google's lawyers were aware it could enable Israel's war crimes and human crime violations even before signing the contract. Although the goal of Project Nimbus hasn’t been made public yet, Google's AI tools could give them capability for facial detection and object tracking.
# Google Doodle

Google doodle for the United States election of 2018.
A **Google Doodle** is a special, temporary logo on Google's homepages that celebrates holidays, events, achievements, and notable historical figures. The first Google Doodle honored the Burning Man festival in 1998, and was designed by Larry Page and Sergey Brin after comparing the size of each other's doodles.

Future Google Doodles were designed by an outside contractor until 2000, when Page and Brin asked public relations officer Dennis Hwang to design a logo for Bastille Day. Since then, a team of employees called **Doodlers** have organized and published the Doodles.

By 2014, Google had published over 2,000 regional and international Doodles throughout its homepages, often featuring guest artists, musicians, and personalities.

Google Doodles are sometimes interactive and/or game-like (for example, the Google Gnome Game, where you launch gnomes across a lawn with a trebuchet).
# Chromium (web browser)

Chromium|  |
| Chromium 111 running on Linux |
| Developer(s) | Google |
| Initial release | September 2, 2008 (2008-09-02) |
| Repository | *
*
 |
| Written in | C, C++, Javascript |
| Engine | * V8
* Blink
* Skia Graphics Engine
 |
| License | * Apache License
* GNU Lesser General Public License
* MIT License
* Microsoft Public License
* Mozilla Public License
* GNU General Public License
* 3-clause BSD License
 |
| Website | www.chromium.org/Home |

**Chromium** is a free web browser developed by Google. It works on its own and makes up a large amount of the source code for the Google Chrome browser. The two browsers have always had some differences, such as the lack of DRM, and the ability for other people to make browsers based off of it, as meant by their names: chromium is the metal used to make chrome plating on cars.

## Browsers based off Chromium

Opera

Microsoft Edge

Yandex Browser

Brave

Avast Secure Browser

Samsung Browser

Slimjet

Supermium

360 Browser
# Android Cupcake

Android Cupcake| Version of the Android operating system |
|  |
| ScreenshotAndroid Cupcake home screen |
| Developer | Google |
| Initial release | April 27, 2009 (2009-04-27) |
| Update method | Software update |
| Package manager | Android Market |
| Kernel type | Monolithic (Linux) |
| Preceded by | Android 1.1 |
| Succeeded by | Android 1.6 "Donut" |
| Official website | developer.android.com/about/versions/android-1.5-highlights |
| Support status |
| Unsupported |

**Android Cupcake** is the third Android operating system. It was released in April 27, 2009.
# iGoogle

iGoogle's logo
**iGoogle** was a customizable Ajax-based start page or personal web portal. It was launched by Google in May 2005. It was discontinued on November 1, 2013. As of October 17, 2007, it was available in 42 languages, and in over 70 country domain names. 7.1 million people were using it in February 2007.

## Other websites

* iGoogle on the Internet Archive
# Google Sidewiki

Logo of Google Sidewiki
**Google Sidewiki** is an online service from Google launched on September 23, 2009. Google Sidewiki is an extension for web browser. You have Sidewiki for Internet Explorer and Firefox through Google Toolbar. You have Sidewiki for Google Chrome browser through an add-on. You have Sidewiki for other browsers like Safari as a bookmarklet. When you visit a website with Google Sidewiki you can press on Sidewiki button. It opens a window where you can read others' comments or write your own comments. The owner of the website can not stop you from doing this.
# Tenor (website)

tenor| Logo since 2017 |
| Type of site | Search Engine |
| Available in | International |
| Owner | Google |
| Created by | Google |
| URL | www.tenor.com |
| Commercial | Yes |
| Registration | Optional |
| Launched | August 9, 2016 (2016-08-09) |
| Current status | Active |

Tenor is a web engine for searching moving picture files in the GIF format. Tenor is managed by Google and for use with GIF keyboards on Android, iOS, and macOS.

## History

The business people David Macintosh, Erick Hachenburg, and Frank Nawabi started the company Riffsy first in February 2014. When the risk capital giver Redpoint Ventures invested, the company name was changed on August 9, 2016, to Tenor. On March 27, 2018, Tenor was bought by Google, but it still works under its own name.

## Competitors

Meta operates an internet engine named Giphy for finding GIF files.
According to the CMA (Competition and Markets Authority, competition authority in the United Kingdom), Giphy is the only direct competitor to Tenor.
# Odnoklassniki

Odnoklassniki|  |
| Type of site | Social networking |
| Created by | Albert Popkov (founder) |
| URL | ok.ru |
| Commercial | Yes |
| Registration | Yes, no payment needed since August 31, 2010 |
| Launched | March 4, 2006 |
| Current status | Active |

**Odnoklassniki** (Russian: Одноклассники, which literally means Classmates), sometimes abbreviated as **OK** or **OK.ru** is a social networking website. It is also an online video sharing website. It is mostly based in Russia and the former Soviet republics. It is currently owned by VK.
# Funimation

Funimation Productions, LLC| Logo used since 2016 |
| Formerly | FUNimation Productions (1994–2005) FUNimation Entertainment (2005–2011) |
| Company type | Subsidiary |
| Industry | Entertainment |
| Genre | Anime |
| Founded | 9 May 1994 (1994-05-09) |
| Founder | Gen Fukunaga Cindy Fukunaga |
| Defunct | April 2, 2024 (2024-04-02) |
| Fate | Merged with Crunchyroll |
| Successor | Crunchyroll |
| Headquarters | Flower Mound, Texas, U.S. |
| Area served | Worldwide |
| Key people | Gen Fukunaga (founder & chairman) Colin Decker (general manager) |
| Products | Anime, motion pictures, Japanese/Asian cinema |
| Owner | Sony (95%, Sony Pictures Entertainment and Sony Music Entertainment Japan joint ownership) Gen Fukunaga (5%) |
| Parent | Sony Pictures Television (2017–2024) Aniplex (2019–2024) |
| Divisions | Funimation Films |
| Subsidiaries | AnimeLab Madman Anime Group Manga Entertainment UK Wakanim |
| Website | funimation.com |
| **Footnotes / references** merged with Crunchyroll in 2022 but continued as a website until April 2024 |

**Funimation Productions, LLC** was an American entertainment company. It was well known for dubbing and releasing content made outside the United States, especially with anime. Sony owned 95% of the company. This ownership was shared between Sony Pictures and Sony Music Entertainment Japan. The other 5% is owned by Gen Fukunaga, who was one of Funimation's founders. The company was based in Flower Mound, Texas. It was one of the most important companies in North America that released anime and other foreign entertainment.

The company was created on 9 May 1994 by Gen Fukunaga and his wife, Cindy. The original name of the company during this time was FUNimation Productions. Later, in 2005, Navarre Corporation bought the company. It was also renamed FUNimation Entertainment. In 2011, Funimation was sold to a group of investors by Navarre.

In 2022, it merged with Crunchyroll.

## Other websites

* Official website
# Stage6

**Stage6** was a video sharing website. It was similar to other websites like YouTube because it let users upload, view, and share video clips. Unlike many other video sharing sites, Stage6 allowed users to upload better quality videos and very large file sizes. There are few upload limitations, and visitors could download videos easily through the website.

## History

Stage6 was a video sharing community, where users could upload and share their video clips and stream them in high quality because the video clips were -encoded with DivX and Xvid video codecs.

Unfortunately the website never got a chance to go grow beyond beta status and was shut down by DivX Inc. On February 29, 2008 because DivX was unable to support Stage6.

On June 2008, CNET had stated that Stage6 was one of the greatest defunct websites in history.

Stage6 was first launched in 2006 by DivX Ink and in public beta, Stage6 was a similar webpage like Youtube which had allowed its users to stream and upload videos, for those customers that had registered.

On July 24, 2007 DivX had stated that they were pursuing to separate from Stage6, and become a single company away from DivX Inc. The Co-Founder and Executive Chairman Jordan Greenhall would be changing from his current role as CEO to manage the separating Stage6.

It was successful, and was estimated to be done by 2007. By January 2008, Stage6 had a total of 10.7 million views.

On February 25, 2008, DivX announced that they would shut down Stage6 on February 28, 2008, stating that they were unable to continue to provide the attention and resources required for its continued operation.

A day later than stated, Stage6 ceased to operate, directing users to a Veoh welcome page designed specifically for the purpose of receiving the Stage6 community.

## Related pages

* Youtube
* Video sharing

## Other websites

* Stage6 Archived 2008-03-01 at the Wayback Machine Video sharing site designed to demonstrate DivX codec
* DivX.com DivX website
* Stage6 Forum Archived 2008-02-28 at the Wayback Machine Stage6 Community forum set up by members of Stage6 to keep in touch and up to date on developments with stage6 after the shutdown
*
# Toons.TV

Toons.TV|  |
| Type of site | Animation |
| Available in | English |
| Dissolved | 2017 (2017) |
| Owner | Rovio Entertainment |
| URL | toons.tv (archived) |
| Launched | February 17, 2013 (2013-02-17) |
| Current status | Defunct |

**Toons.TV** was a multiplatform entertainment website and mobile app owned and operated by the Rovio Animation division of Rovio Entertainment (known best for creating the *Angry Birds* franchise). It was available on website, most Rovio app-on-demand providers, smart TVs and other connected devices, as well as its own app. As of December 2014, its content was viewed more than four billion times.

As of August 1, 2017, the Toons.TV brand has been discontinued; its site and the app are shut down, and any links to it have been redirected to the *Angry Birds'* official YouTube channel.

## Final programming

### Original programming

* *Angry Birds Toons* (17 March 2013 – 13 May 2016)
* *Angry Birds Stella* (1 November 2014 – 11 March 2016)
* *Piggy Tales* (11 April 2014 – 30 May 2019; first 3 seasons only)
* *Rocket Science Show* (9 July 2015 featuring NASA, Special Journey to Mars appeared on 23 July 2016)
* *Angry Birds Blues* (10 March 2017 – 14 December 2017; first 10 episodes only)

### Third-party programming

* *Om Nom Stories*
* *Wallace and Gromit: Cracking Contraptions*
* *Shaun the Sheep: Mossy Bottom Shorts*
* *Morph*
* *Glumpers*
* *Canimals*
* *Takat the Dog*
* *Annoying Orange*
* *Transformers*
* *Oggy and the Cockroaches*
* *Zig and Sharko*
* *The Daltons*
* *Rintindumb*
* *Space Goofs*
* *Simon's Cat*
* *Zooville* (Nat Geo Kids initiative)
* *Hubert and Takako*
* *Log Jam*
* *Oscar's Oasis* (Developed by TeamTO)
* *Fraggle Rock*
* *Franklin*
* *Limon and Oli*
* *Scaredy Squirrel*
* *Chakra: The Invincible* (also broadcast in Hindi at India only)
* *AngryBirdsNest* (Videos from the popular fan website of the same name)
# Essay

An **essay** is a written text. It is usually about the personal point of view of the author who wrote it. The definition of an essay is vague. Articles and short stories can be quite similar. Almost all modern essays are written in prose, but works in verse have been called essays (e.g. Alexander Pope's *An Essay on Criticism* and *An Essay on Man*). People that write essays are called essayists.

Most essays are short. This does not have to be the case. John Locke's *An Essay Concerning Human Understanding* and Thomas Malthus's *An Essay on the Principle of Population* are long essays.

Essays can have all sorts of purposes. For example, an essay can be very argumentative, it can talk about points for and against the essay question to give a balanced argument or opinion. Essay must be essential and give some new points about topics. Its must be useful to readers.

Michel de Montaigne, a 16th century philosopher invented the essay.

## Types

* argument led approach. An argumentative essay is a critical piece of writing, aimed at presenting objective view of a subject matter. It is narrowed down to a single topic.
* thesis led approach. A thesis statement based essay follows a thesis which supports a particular case.
* cause and effect,
* problem and solution,
* comparison and contrast,
* description,
* classification,
* analysis,
* argument and evidence,
* procedural sequence,
* chronological ordering.

## Argumentative Essay

The argumentative essay is a genre of writing that requires the student to investigate a topic; collect, generate, and evaluate evidence; and establish a position on the topic in a concise manner. The structure of the argumentative essay is held together by coherence, logical arguments, evidential support, and a conclusion. Some examples of argument essay topics are 'Is polygamy evil or not?', 'Are US elections always fair?'

## Thesis Essay

This is a genre of essay where a stance is presented in an essay using a thesis statement. A thesis statement is one or more sentence that expresses the main idea of a research paper or essay, such as an expository essay or argumentative essay. It makes a claim, directly answering a question. The thesis statement serves as a guide for the readers throughout the whole entire essay.
# ISO 4165

Comparison of (L to R) two Powerlet plugs, one combination plug, and one cigar lighter plug
**ISO 4165** is a standard adopted by the International Organization for Standardization (ISO). It describes a double-pole DC connector to supply between 12 and 24 V DC at up to 12 amps to appliances in vehicles. It is similar in design to a cigar lighter receptacle, but is shorter and smaller in diameter. It was originally a standard fitting on all the German military vehicles during World War II.

The current version of the standard is ISO 4165:2001

## Other names

Other names for this connector include:

* BMW Accessory plug, used on BMW motorcycles
* Powerlet connector, named after a firm that produces them
* Hella plug or Merit plug, in Australia

At least one manufacturer sells a combination plug that combines a cigar lighter plug and a Powerlet plug.