Rikunarita-ORG/Wikinium huggingface dataset:
# Halo (series)

Halo series key-art.
Halo is a science fiction shooter video game series. The games are published by Microsoft were made by Bungie Studios from 2001 to 2010 and are now made by 343 Industries.

* *Halo: Combat Evolved*, for Xbox (2001), as well as *Halo: Custom Edition* made by Gearbox Software.
* *Halo 2*, for Xbox (2004) and PC (2007)
* *Halo 3*, for Xbox 360 (2007)
* *Halo Wars*, for Xbox 360 (2008)
* *Halo 3: ODST*, for Xbox 360 (2009)
* *Halo: Reach*, for Xbox 360 (2010)
* *Halo: Combat Evolved Anniversary*, for Xbox 360 (2011)
* *Halo 4*, for Xbox 360 (2012)
* *Halo: The Master Chief Collection*, for Xbox One (2014)
* *Halo 5: Guardians*, for Xbox One (2015)
* *Halo Wars 2*, for Xbox One and Microsoft Windows (2017)
* *Halo Infinite*, for Xbox One, Xbox Series X, Xbox Series S and Microsoft Windows (2021)
# Counterterrorism

Suspected pirates keep their hands up.**Counter-terrorism**, also spelled as **counterterrorism**, is work to prevent and fight against terrorism. Counter-terrorism is usually done by governments, militaries, paramilitaries, police forces, and special counter-terrorism units.

There are many different ways to do counter-terrorism. An important goal is to stop terrorism before it happens. This is done by trying to find out about plans to commit terrorism. If the plan is discovered, sometimes the terrorists can be arrested or security can be sent to protect the target of the terrorism.

Sometimes no one finds out about the terrorist plot until it starts to happen. When this happens, police or counter-terrorist soldiers may be sent to try and stop the terrorists from completing the plan, which usually leads to combat.

Counter-terrorists are also a playable team in the video game Counter-Strike and the subsequent sequels.
# Commodore PET

Commodore PET|  |
| Manufacturer | Commodore International |
| Type | Personal computer |
| Release date | January 1977 (1977-01) |
| Introductory price | US$ 795 (1977) |
| Discontinued | 1982 |
| Units sold | About 219,000 |
| Media | Compact Cassette 5¼-inch floppy disk 8-inch floppy disk |
| Operating system | Commodore BASIC V1.0 – V4.0 |
| CPU | MOS Technology 6502 @ 1 MHz |
| Memory | 4–96 kB RAM |
| Display | 40×25 or 80×25 text |
| Graphics | Monochrome PETSCII graphics |
| Sound | None or beeper |
| Successor | Commodore CBM-II |

**Commodore PET** was a set of personal computers made by Commodore International. The first model was released in 1977. The name PET stood for **Personal Electronic Transactor**.

The PET was one of the first personal computers sold fully assembled and ready to use. It combined a keyboard, a monochrome monitor, a MOS Technology 6502 processor, and Commodore BASIC in a single case.

The first model, the PET 2001, included either 4 kB or 8 kB of RAM and a built-in cassette recorder for storing programs and data. Later models offered more memory, larger screens, and improved keyboards.

## History

Startscreen of PET 2001 BASIC V1.0 with Easter egg
The PET was one of the three computers later called the "1977 Trinity", together with the Apple II and the TRS-80.

The series was discontinued in 1982.

## Other websites

* Media related to Commodore PET at Wikimedia Commons
* Commodore PET 2001 at Old-Computers.com
* Commodore PET series at zimmers.net
# Cheating in video games

**Cheating** in video games is when a player creates an advantage for themself beyond what normal gameplay would allow. In general, cheating is breaking the rules to get an unfair advantage. One form of cheating is using "glitches" in a open world or Shooter game where a person may find a wall or a piece of ground they can walk through, like being able to walk through a wall on a certain angle or from one side but not be able to walk back through that same wall the other way, an example of this being effective would be in an ambush situation, the other person may not be able to shoot at you but you may be able to shoot them, "virtually" making you partially invincible. Another form of cheating is by changing a games code structure. In other world, it is included in an existing video game as if it is from that video game and continues to work in this way. If we look at it structuarry, it comes up with a very different work.

These kind of advantages can often be activated by entering codes. A set of **cheat codes** may have been written into the game's programming by the game's developers. When entered, a code activates a corresponding advantage. Cheat codes can also be created by added software, called a game trainer. Players can also cheat by taking advantage of software bugs in the game.

Some games have "activatable cheat codes" preset on the actual game such as Speed Racer, or the Lego series of video games and by playing the game you actually get told cheat codes to put in to be able to unlock advantages, these are different from "cheating" because the games developers "want" you to use these types of cheat codes and these types of cheat codes are only useable in single player games the bad type of cheat codes are cheat codes not intended to be used in a game that make the system do things that are not normal. For example, pressing a certain sequence of buttons may increase a character's hit points in an role-playing game, or make a car drive faster in a racing game.

Another way of video game hacks is using applications called *exploits.* like WiiBrew, which access a video games coding and allows you to completely change its code from adjusting a "left' button to go "up" instead all the way to completely recreating the game.

The number of users using competitive video games cheat continues to decrease with the development of anti-cheat systems. We can examine this thesis based on the League of Legends.

| Year | Percentage of players using cheats | Percentage of banned players |
| --- | --- | --- |
| 2019 | 4.11% | 1.21% |
| 2020 | 2.63% | 5.46% |
| 2021 | 0.98% | 7.61% |

The reason why the rate of banned players is higher than the rate of cheating is that past activities can be detected.

## Other websites

* Official data shared by League of legends game
# Garry's Mod

| Garry's Mod |
| --- |
|  |
| Developer(s) | Facepunch Studios  |
| Publisher(s) | Valve Corporation  |
| Programmer(s) | Garry Newman |
| Engine | Source  |
| Platform(s) | Linux macOS Microsoft Windows  |
| Release | November 29, 2006 |
| Genre(s) | First-person shooter sandbox video game physics game  |
| Mode(s) | Multiplayer single-player co-op mode  |

**Garry's Mod** is a sandbox video game. The game is a mod for the video game *Half-Life 2* made by Garry Newman in 2004 and was sold in 2006. In the game, the player can use a spawn menu to spawn objects known as props, or it can be used to spawn Non-player characters like zombies or Combine soldiers, taken from Half-Life 2. The player can move these objects using the physics gun. The game is known because of it's modding, with popular mods for Garry's Mod like *Trouble in Terrorist Town*, DarkRP and Prop hunt. Prop hunt became a popular video game mode, being used in other video games like *Call of Duty: Modern Warfare Remastered*, *Call of Duty: Black Ops III*, *Fortnite Battle Royale*, and *Genshin Impact*.

## Gameplay

The game is an endless sandbox. Its base game mode, *sandbox,* has no goals. The player can spawn non-player characters, ragdolls, and props, and move and interact with the objects in many ways. The player can move these using the "physics gun", a ray-gun that lets the user move, freeze, and rotate the objects. The individual limbs of ragdolls can also be interacted with. The "tool gun" lets the player change an objects properties, like welding things together, and changing the facial expressions of ragdolls.

## Development

*Garry's Mod* was made by Garry Newman. He created Facepunch Studios while making *Garry's Mod*.

## Successor

Newman stated that a successor to *Garry's Mod* in 2015 was in early development called *S&box*.

## Reception

| Reception |
| --- |
|

| Aggregate score |
| --- |
| Aggregator | Score |
| Metacritic | 8.9 |

 |

*Garry's Mod* is considered to be one of the best sandbox games.

## Other websites

* Official website
# Half-Life (series)

| Half-Life |
| --- |
|  |
| Genres | First-Person Shooter
science fiction video game |
| Developers | Valve Corporation (Half-Life)
Gearbox Software (Half-Life: Opposing Force, Half-Life: Blue Shift) |
| Publishers | Valve Corporation (Steam)
Sierra Entertainment (CD-ROM) |
| Platforms | Playstation 2 (Half-Life)
Xbox (Half-Life 2)
Windows/CD-ROM
Xbox 360 (Half-Life 2 and Episodes 1 and 2)
MacOS
Linux |
| Platform of origin | Playstation 2
Windows/CD-ROM
Linux
MacOS |
| First release | Half-Life November 8, 1998 |
| Latest release | Half-Life: Alyx March 23, 2020 |

Half-Life is a series of video games created by Valve Corporation. The player plays as a character named Gordon Freeman, who is a survivor of a terrible accident at the Black Mesa Science Research Company. A group of scientists make a portal to another dimension, and accidentally let in many alien monsters that start killing everyone.

In the first game, *Half-Life*, made in 1998, you play through this disaster and try to escape. *Half-Life* has received two expansions made by Gearbox Software, *Half-Life: Opposing Force* and *Half-Life: Blue Shift*.

*Half-Life: Opposing Force* and *Half-Life: Blue Shift* take place in the Black Mesa Research Facility, Before the accident takes place. In *Opposing Force,* you play as Adrian Shephard, Tasked with Infiltrating the facility to kill everyone, until suddenly The Player’s Designated Helicopter Crashes, and must now team up with Facility Personnel to Survive, *Blue Shift* takes place Inside the facility moments before the accident and where you play as Barney Calhoun, a security guard who according to the Steam Store Page, “*helped Gordon get out of so many sticky situations*”.

In 2004, the sequel, *Half-Life 2*, was released. *Half-Life 2* was followed by two expansions, *Half-Life 2: Episode One* and *Half-Life 2: Episode Two*.

A related game, *Portal*, was released in 2007 and takes place in the same universe. *Portal*, *Half-Life 2*, *Half-Life 2: Episode One*, *Half-Life 2: Episode Two*, and *Team Fortress 2* (a game not in the same universe as *Half-Life* and *Portal*) were put together into one package for sale in 2007. This package is named *The Orange Box*.
# JB Hi-Fi

JB Hi-Fi Pty Ltd| Company type | Public |
| Industry | Retail |
| Founded | Melbourne, Victoria, Australia 1974 |
| Headquarters | Melbourne, Australia |
| Number of locations | 131+: |
| Key people | Terry Smart, CEO |
| Products | CDs, DVDs, Blu-ray discs, video games and consumer electronics |
| Revenue | 2.731 billion AUD *(2009–10)* |
| Website | www.jbhifi.com.au, www.jbhifionline.com.au |

**JB Hi-Fi** is an Australian CD, DVD, Blu-ray disc, video game and consumer electronics chain store.

## Other websites

* JB Hi-Fi Australia
* JB Hi-Fi Online Store Archived 2011-01-13 at the Wayback Machine
* Clive Anthonys Archived 2011-07-22 at the Library of Congress Web Archives
* JB Hi-Fi New Zealand
# Annexation

**Annexation** (Latin: *ad* "to" and *nexus* "joining") is the one-sided forceful takeover, such as military occupation, of one state's territory by another.

## Related pages

* Anschluss (World War II, Austria merged to Nazi Germany)
* Republic of Texas annexed to United States
* Colonization
# Propaganda in Nazi Germany

Joseph Goebbels, the leader of the Ministry of Public Enlightenment and Propaganda of Nazi Germany
Propaganda was a very important tool that the German Nazi Party used. They started to use it in 1920. This was after they stopped being named the German Worker’s Party (DAP). They still used it right before Germany gave up World War II in May 1945. The propaganda got more used and more seen over time. This was because the Nazis got more power over time. The propaganda was even seen in other places that were not Germany.

Adolf Hitler made a book named *Mein Kampf* in 1925. It gave ideas and ways of doing things. The Nazis used the ideas and ways after some time. The *Völkischer Beobachter* and *Der Angriff* were newspapers (papers that say the news) at the time. They gave ideas and knowledge. The newspapers were used for propaganda when the Nazis were first made. There were books, boards, papers, camera pictures, art, moving pictures, and played sounds used as propaganda after that.

German people had Nazi ideas because the Nazis made so much propaganda. The ideas said many things. Some of the things are: Nazi ideas are good for families, people need knowledge of places that are not Germany, Jews are bad, places that are not Germany are bad, people that are not Nazis are bad, people need to have certain good qualities, and that Germany needs war against the Allied Nations.

Germany gave up the war against other governments. Then, the governments that were against Germany stopped all Nazi propaganda and all Nazi groups. This was at the time of denazification (stopping all Nazi things).
# Blitzkrieg

The 4th Panzer Division used *blitzkrieg* successfully.
**Blitzkrieg** is a German word that means "lightning war" and refers to the high speed of a lightning bolt.

In *blitzkrieg*, the attacking motorized infantry armies move quickly and are helped by tanks and aircraft. Slower-moving enemy units are overrun or surrounded and often captured with little fighting. The slower units often become disorganized and are not ready to fight when they are captured.

The combined arms tactics of *blitzkrieg* were developed in the 1920s and 1930s, especially in the German Wehrmacht. They seldom used this word, however.

This method worked well early in World War II during the invasions of Poland and France and was mostly successful during Operation Barbarossa. Later in the war, the Allies learned to defeat German *blitzkrieg* attacks by defence in depth and by attacking the flanks of the attackers with reserve forces.

**The Blitz** refers to the German bombing of Britain, particularly London, during World War II. It destroyed over a million homes, killed over 40,000 people and was supposed to destroy industry and morale quickly to make the British pressure their government to end the war. The Blitz started in September 1940, in response to the British bombing of German cities by the Royal Air Force and continued until May 1941.
# Economic sanctions

**Economic sanctions** are commercial and financial penalties applied by one or more countries against a state, group, or person.

Economic sanctions are acted because of economic reasons, but also for political and military reasons.

## Related pages

* Embargo
# Imperial Japanese Navy

**Imperial Japanese Navy** (Japanese ; 大日本帝国海軍,  **Dai-Nippon Teikoku Kaigun**), also known as **IJN**, was the navy of the Empire of Japan from 1869 until 1947.

The IJN was created in 1868 by the Meiji Restoration. It won against larger navies in the First Sino-Japanese War (1894-1895) and Russo-Japanese War (1904-1905) World War 1 (1914-1918) Second Sino-Japanese War (1937-1945) World War 2 (1941-1945) and was dissolved.

## Legacy

Article 9 of the Constitution of Japan prohibits the use of aggressive force as a means for settling international disputes.

In order to defend Japan, if necessary, the Japan Self-Defense Forces (JSDF) was formed.

The ocean-reach of JSDF is the Japan Maritime Self-Defense Force (JMSDF).

## Related pages

* Imperial Japanese Army

## Other websites

* AxisHistory.com, Japanese Navy
* CombinedFleet.com, Imperial Japanese Navy Page
* KamikazeImages, Etajima Museum of Naval History Archived 2010-06-29 at the Wayback Machine
* NavalHistory.net, Imperial Japanese Navy Awards of the Golden Kite in World War II
* NavalHistory.net, Imperial Japanese Navy in World War I Archived 2019-11-16 at the Wayback Machine
# Tehran Conference

| Tehran Conference *"Eureka"* |
| --- |
| **Left-to-right:** Soviet leader Joseph Stalin, American president Franklin D. Roosevelt, British prime minister Winston Churchill |
| Host country |  Allied-occupied Iran |
| Date | 28 November – 1 December 1943 |
| Venue(s) | Embassy of the Soviet Union |
| Cities | Tehran, Iran |
| Participants |  Soviet Union  United States  United Kingdom |
| Precedes | Yalta Conference |
| Key points |
|
Consensus to open a second front against Nazi Germany by 1 June 1944 |

The **Tehran Conference** (codenamed **Eureka**) was a meeting of Joseph Stalin, Franklin D. Roosevelt, and Winston Churchill from 28 November to 1 December 1943. It was held at the Soviet Union's embassy at Tehran in Iran. It was the first of the World War II conferences of the "Big Three" Allied leaders (the Soviet Union, the United States, and the United Kingdom).

The main result of the Tehran Conference was the Western Allies' commitment to open a second front against Nazi Germany. The conference also addressed the Big Three Allies' relations with Turkey and Iran, operations in Yugoslavia and against Japan.