Rikunarita-ORG/Wikinium huggingface dataset:
# Flamethrower

A **flamethrower** is a device used to shoot fire. They have been used by the military since the days of Greek fire. Most modern military flamethrowers project flaming liquids.

## History

Flamethrowers became rare in the 19th century, due to improvements in other weapons. Trench warfare made them more useful again, and the German army began using them in 1915. Flamethrowers were used during WWII as a bunker clearing device. Many Axis troops used pillboxes and other small fortifications in Northern France, Germany, and on Pacific Ocean islands.

Rare example of Byzantine flamethrower in the Roccascalegna castle.
## Usage

Small fire squads used these weapons to draw them out. Although flamethrowers project flames, burning was not the most common form of death associated with these weapons. Rather, smoke released as a by-product of combustion presented soldiers with the grim ultimatum between death by smoke inhalation or leaving the trench and facing enemy gunfire.

Army Sgt. Joshua Robbins torches an area with a flame thrower in Tarmiyah Qada, Iraq, Aug. 28, 2008. The burning denies terrorists concealment and gives coalition forces at Joint Security Station Mushada East a clear line of sight along a road between Mushada and Tarmiyah. Robbins serves with the 25th Infantry Division's 66th Engineer Company, 2nd Stryker Brigade Combat Team.
### Decline

Due to advancements in ballistic technologies and modern warfare tactics, flamethrowers are much less common in modern theatres.

### Civilian use

Presently, these weapons have been converted for civilian use for clearing old crops, domestic defense and even landscaping. In 2018, the Boring Company headed by Elon Musk developed a civilian flamethrower in a limited production of 20,000 units. With the prominence of Musk in contemporary culture, these flamethrowers were sold quickly yielding 10 million dollars for the Boring Company in gross revenue.
# Kar98 rifle

Kar98 rifle
The **Kar98** (Kar98k) is a German bolt-action rifle and it was the German military's main gun during World War II. It is a carbine version of the G98. The Kar98k was made because the G98 was too long to be used well in small spaces.

A picture of the stock and bolt of the rifle. Notice that it is tilted down, unlike the G98 which is tilted to the side.
Other Differences were that the Kar98k had its bolt turned down, so the troops can keep aiming while they cycle the bolt. This was helpful, yet they did not put more ammunition into it, only having 5 rounds still.

At the end of World War II, many German soldiers had to give up their weapons, including the Kar98k. Despite it being the main gun used by Nazi Germany, it was often used by Israeli soldiers in the 1947-1949 Palestine War.
# Т-34

|  T-34  |
| --- |
| T-34-85 medium tank as a war memorial in Kursk, Russia. |
| Type | Medium tank |
| Place of origin | Soviet Union |
| Service history |
| In service | 1940–1980s (Soviet Union) 1950s–present (by other states) |
| Used by | Soviet Union and 39 others |
| Wars | World War II, and many others |
| Production history |
| Designer | KhMDB |
| Designed | 1937–1940 |
| Produced | 1940–45 (USSR), 1951–55 (Poland), 1951–58 (Czechoslovakia) |
| No. built | 84,070 35,120 T-34 48,950 T-34-85 |
| Specifications (T-34 Model 1941) |
| Mass | 26.5 tonnes (29.2 short tons; 26.1 long tons) |
| Length | 6.68 m (21 ft 11 in) |
| Width | 3.00 m (9 ft 10 in) |
| Height | 2.45 m (8 ft 0 in) |
| Crew | 4 (T-34) 5 (T-34/85) |
|

---

 |
| Armour | Hull front 47 mm /60° (upper part) 45 mm (1.8")/60° (lower part), Hull side 40 mm/41°(upper part), Hull rear 45 mm, Hull top 20 mm, Hull bottom 15 mm; Turret front 60 mm (2.4"), Turret side 52 mm/30°, Turret rear 30 mm, Turret top 16 mm  |
| Main armament | 76.2 mm (3.00 in) F-34 tank gun (T-34/85: 85 mm ZiS-S-53 or D-5T gun) |
| Secondary armament | 2 × 7.62 mm (0.3 in) DT machine guns |
| Engine | Model V-2-34 38.8 L V12 Diesel engine 500 hp (370 kW) |
| Power/weight | 18.9 hp (14 kW) / tonne (T-34) 15.6 hp (11.6 KW) / tonne (T-34/85) |
| Suspension | Christie |
| Ground clearance | 0.4 m (16 in) |
| Operational range | * 250–330 km (T-34) (250 mi)
* 250–300 km (T-34/85) (150 mi)
 |
| Maximum speed  | 53 km/h (33 mph) |

The **T-34** was a Soviet tank introduced in 1940, famously deployed to the Red Army during World War II against Operation Barbarossa.

## Design

### Overview

The T-34 has good armor, a fairly powerful engine and wide tracks. The initial version of the T-34 had a powerful 76.2mm L-11 gun, and was often called the T-34-76. In 1944, a second version began production, the **T-34-85**, with a larger and more powerful 85mm ZIS-S-53 cannon to deal with newer German tanks.

### Those mentioned

* Zaloga, Steven J., James Grandsen (1983). *T-34 in Action*, Carrollton, Texas: Squadron/Signal. ISBN 0-89747-112-1.
# Banzai charge

Dead Japanese soldiers after a Banzai charge.
A **Banzai charge** (or "banzai* attack**") (萬歳突撃) was a tactic used by Japanese soldiers against the American soldiers when they were losing World War II. Banzai charges were usually suicide charges. This was so they would have an honourable death without surrender. Also, the charges were a final attempt to gain success against the Allied forces, which usually had more troops.
# Mod (video games)

A video game **mod** is a change made to a video game. The word *mod* is short for *modification.* A mod can be a change to any part of a game, including how it sounds, how it plays, the way it looks, or anything else. They are usually created by fans of a game instead of the people who made the original game. Mods are usually put on the internet for free when they are released.

Mods can be as small or as large as the creators want it to be. They can be minor bug fixes, or they can change so many things that they become a completely different game. Large mods like that are sometimes called *total conversions*. Some popular examples of total conversion mods that became separate video games are Counter-Strike, Team Fortress, and Killing Floor.

Mods can help a game become more famous and successful. Many people think that good mods can make a game more fun and interesting than the original. Some video game companies saw this and decided to give mod creators tools to help them make even more mods. Examples of companies that have done this are id Software, Valve Corporation, Mojang Studios, and Bethesda Softworks.

Sometimes, a mod of a game might become just as popular as the original game, or more popular. When this happens, the word *vanilla* is often used to talk about the original game without mods.
# Downloadable content

**Downloadable content**, known informally as a DLC, refers to an additional and optional piece of content that is paired with existing video games which must be downloaded separately, often after the original release. DLCs can range from adding extra graphical settings, to entire areas and mechanics being included. DLCs are not to be confused with mods.
# Western Front (World War I)

| Western Front |
| --- |
| Part of World War I |
|  For most of World War I, Allied and German Forces were stalled in trench warfare along the Western Front. This picture shows a sentry of A Company, 11th Battalion, The Cheshire Regiment in a trench during the Battle of the Somme. |
|

|  |  |
| --- | --- |
| Date | 1914 – 1918 |
| Location | Belgium and northeastern France |
| Result |
Allied victory |

 |
| Belligerents |
|  Belgium
 British Empire

* United Kingdom
* Australia
* Canada
* British India
* Newfoundland
* New Zealand
* South Africa

 France and French Overseas Empire
 Portugal
 Russia  United States

* Italy
* Siam
 |  German Empire  Austria Hungary |
| Commanders and leaders |
|
No unified command until 1918, then Ferdinand Foch |
Moltke → Falkenhayn → Hindenburg and Ludendorff → Hindenburg and Groener |
| Casualties and losses |
|
~4,800,000 |
Unknown |

The **Western Front** was started by the German Army invading Luxembourg and Belgium at the beginning of World War I in 1914 and gaining military control of many important industrial regions in France. Its quick advance was stopped by the Battle of the Marne. Both sides then dug defensive trenches, which eventually reached from the North Sea to the Swiss border with France.

From 1915 to 1917, many offensives were started from the trenches. Both sides used large numbers of artillery and thousands of infantry in the offensives. However, a combination of entrenchments, machine gun nests, barbed wire, and artillery stopped the advances. No major breakthroughs happened.

New military technology, like poison gas, aircraft, and tanks were developed to try and get through the lines of trenches.

The deadlock was caused mostly by both sides not allowing any piece of land to give some kind of advantage to the enemy, even if there was little advantage. As the war continued, and more blood was lost on both sides, the soldiers grew tired of war and had begun to make large threats to the government.

To keep the war effort going, the governments began to say that they would kill soldiers who did not attack and that the soldiers betrayed the army if they did not fight.
# Eastern Front (World War I)

| Eastern Front |
| --- |
| Part of The European theatre of World War I |
|  Eastern Europe before World War I |
|

|  |  |
| --- | --- |
| Date | 1 August 1914 – 7 May 1918 |
| Location | Eastern Europe |
| Result |
Central Powers victory |

 |
| Belligerents |
|
Allied Powers:* Russia (1914–17)
* Romania (1916–17)
* Serbia
 (1914–15)
* Belgium (1915–17)
* United Kingdom (1916–17)
* France (1916–17)

---
* Soviet Russia (1917–18)
 |
Central Powers:* Germany
* Austria-Hungary
* Bulgaria (1916–17)
* Ottoman Empire (1916–17)
 |
| Commanders and leaders |
|  Nicholas II  Ferdinand I |  Wilhelm II  Franz Joseph I  Charles I |

The **Eastern Front** of World War I was the theatre in which Germany and Austria-Hungary fought against the Russian Empire. Planning places to concentrate forces was very important because there were few railways on the Eastern Front, and troops could not be moved and reinforced as quickly as on the Western Front.

Russia lost many battles, but its overall situation improved as Russia improved its forces, and more and more allies entered the war. The Eastern Front ended when the Russian Civil War broke out in 1917. The communists signed the Treaty of Brest-Litovsk with Germany so that they could focus on winning the civil war.

## Other websites

* WWI Eastern Front Photo.
* WWI Eastern Front Part II
* With the Russian army, 1914-1917 by Alfred Knox
# Capture the flag

**Capture the Flag** is a traditional game. It is played outdoors by two teams. In the game, each team has a flag, or another similar object. The goal of the game is to take the other team's flag, while defending their own flag. Whichever team does this 3 times is the winner of the game.