Rikunarita-ORG/Wikinium huggingface dataset:
# 1209

1209 in other calendars| Gregorian calendar | 1209 *MCCIX* |
| Ab urbe condita | 1962 |
| Armenian calendar | 658 ԹՎ ՈԾԸ |
| Assyrian calendar | 5959 |
| Balinese saka calendar | 1130–1131 |
| Bengali calendar | 616 |
| Berber calendar | 2159 |
| English Regnal year | 10 Joh. 1 – 11 Joh. 1 |
| Buddhist calendar | 1753 |
| Burmese calendar | 571 |
| Byzantine calendar | 6717–6718 |
| Chinese calendar | 戊辰年 (Earth Dragon) 3905 or 3845     *— to —* 己巳年 (Earth Snake) 3906 or 3846 |
| Coptic calendar | 925–926 |
| Discordian calendar | 2375 |
| Ethiopian calendar | 1201–1202 |
| Hebrew calendar | 4969–4970 |
| Hindu calendars |  |
|  - *Vikram Samvat* | 1265–1266 |
|  - *Shaka Samvat* | 1130–1131 |
|  - *Kali Yuga* | 4309–4310 |
| Holocene calendar | 11209 |
| Igbo calendar | 209–210 |
| Iranian calendar | 587–588 |
| Islamic calendar | 605–606 |
| Japanese calendar | Jōgen (Kamakura period) 3 (承元３年) |
| Javanese calendar | 1117–1118 |
| Julian calendar | 1209 *MCCIX* |
| Korean calendar | 3542 |
| Minguo calendar | 703 before ROC 民前703年 |
| Nanakshahi calendar | −259 |
| Thai solar calendar | 1751–1752 |
| Tibetan calendar | ས་ཕོ་འབྲུག་ལོ་ (male Earth-Dragon) 1335 or 954 or 182     *— to —* ས་མོ་སྦྲུལ་ལོ་ (female Earth-Snake) 1336 or 955 or 183 |

**1209** (MCCIX)
was a common year starting on Thursday of the Julian calendar, the 1209th year of the Common Era (CE) and *Anno Domini* (AD) designations, the 209th year of the 2nd millennium, the 9th year of the 13th century, and the 10th and last year of the 1200s decade. As of the start of 1209, the Gregorian calendar was
7 days ahead of the Julian calendar, which was the dominant calendar of the time.

## Events

* Albigensian Crusade against Cathars (1209-1218)
* the Franciscans are founded
* Cambridge University founded.
* London Bridge completed
* In August, Simon De Monfort, leader of Albigensian Crusade, takes over Carcassonne
* Genghis Khan conquers Turkestan

## Births

* January 5 – Richard, Earl of Cornwall, Holy Roman Emperor (died 1272)
* Hajji Bektash Wali, Turkish mystic (died 1271)

## Deaths

* November 12 – Phillipe de Plessis, Grand Master of the Knights Templar (born 1165)
* Walter Map, Welsh writer (born 1137)
* Fakhr al-Din al-Razi, Persian theologian and philosopher (born 1149)
# Akita Prefecture

| Akita Prefecture
秋田県 |
| --- |
| Prefecture |
| FlagSeal |
| **Akita Prefecture** in Japan |
| Country |  Japan |
| Capital | Akita |
| Subdivisions |
List
* Districts: 6
* Municipalities: 25
 |
| Government |
|  • Governor | Norihisa Satake |
| Area |
|  • Total | 11,638 km2 (4,493 sq mi) |
| Population (October 1, 2020) |
|  • Total | 959,502 |
|  • Density | 82.45/km2 (213.5/sq mi) |
| Time zone | UTC+09:00 |
| Area code | 05000-8 |
| ISO 3166 code | JP-05 |
| Website | Official website |

**Akita Prefecture** (秋田県, *Akita-ken*) is a prefecture in the Tōhoku region of Japan on the island of Honshu. The capital city is Akita. Akita prefecture is famous for rice and sake.

## History

The area of Akita was created from Dewa Province and Mutsu Province.

### Historic places

* Senshu Park is 5 minutes walk from Akita Station.

The site of castle of the Kubota Castle built by Satake, a daimyo from Hitachi. Landscape gardener, Abira Nagaoka, designed the park in 1896. The name "Akita" became established in Tenpyou era.

## Geography

Akita Prefecture faces the Sea of Japan. It is bordered by Aomori Prefecture in the north, Iwate Prefecture in the east, Miyagi Prefecture in the southeast, and Yamagata Prefecture in the south.

Mt. Chokai is the second hightest mountain in the Tohoku Region. Shirakami-Sanchi is a large mountain range along the border between Akita and Aomori prefectures.

## Cities

There are 13 cities in Akita Prefecture:

|  |  |
| --- | --- |
| * Akita (capital)
* Daisen
* Katagami
* Kazuno
* Kitaakita
* Nikaho
* Noshiro
 | * Oga
* Ōdate
* Semboku
* Yokote
* Yurihonjō
* Yuzawa
 |

### National Parks

National Parks cover about 11% of the total land area of the prefecture. including

* Towada-Hachimantai National Park

### Hot Springs

* Nyuto Hot Spring Village (There are seven hotels.)
	+ Tsurunoyu
	+ Taenoyu
	+ Kuroyu
	+ Ganiba
	+ Magoroku
	+ Oogama
	+ National Park Resort Village Nyuto Hot Spring

## Shrines and Temples

*Ōmonoimi jinja* and *Tsutsukowake jinja* are the chief Shinto shrines (*ichinomiya*) in the prefecture.

## Related pages

* Provinces of Japan
* Prefectures of Japan
* List of regions of Japan
* List of islands of Japan

## Other websites

 Media related to Akita prefecture at Wikimedia Commons

*  Archived 2005-07-26 at the Wayback Machine
# Upper Jurassic

The cliff forming Purbeck limestone from the Upper Jurassic at Bat's Head, Dorset, UK.
The **Upper Jurassic** is the last geological epoch in the Jurassic that began 163.5 million years ago (mya), and ended at 145 mya. It was followed by the Lower Cretaceous.

## Paleogeography

During the Upper Jurassic epoch, Pangaea broke up into two supercontinents, Laurasia to the north, and Gondwana to the south. The result of this break-up was the spawning of the Atlantic Ocean. However, at this time, the Atlantic Ocean was relatively narrow.

Sea level was high, though not so high as during the Upper Cretaceous. The Laurasian landmass was broken up by the rising sea into large islands. The rocks were carbonate limestones and clays. The epoch included the famous Solnhofen limestone lagerstätte, where *Archaeopteryx* was found.

## Organic productivity

The Upper Jurassic of England and Europe bears a huge amount of the products of life. The Kimmeridge clay is the main source for the huge North Sea oil reserves, and the whole epoch is stuffed full of marine fossils. Many dinosaur remains have also been found. The epoch starts with the Oxford Clay deposited in a shallow seaway of 10 to 50 metres depth.

The first fossils which show small dinosaurs with feathers are found: *Anchiornis*.

## Related pages

* Blue Lias
* Lower Jurassic
* Middle Jurassic
* Jurassic
# Carlisle

**Carlisle** is a city in the north of England near the border with Scotland. It is in the county of Cumbria. Carlisle has a population of 71,773 people.

Carlisle's football team is called Carlisle United and they play at Brunton Park.

Carlisle is famous for Carr's Table Water Biscuits. They are only made in Carlisle and are by appointment of her majesty the Queen.

Several rivers run through Carlisle, including the Rivers Eden, Caldew, Petteril and Constitution River and Carlisle River.
# Giuseppe Castiglione

**Giuseppe Castiglione** (1688 — 1766), was an Italian painter. He worked as an artist at the imperial court of three Chinese emperors – the Kangxi, Yongzheng and Qianlong emperors.

## Gallery

* Qianlong Emperor chasing a deer on a hunting trip
# Traffic (movie)

Traffic is a 2000 American crime drama movie. It contains three stories of the illegal drug trade, one in Mexico, one in San Diego, one in Ohio. Catherine Zeta-Jones plays Helena. Erika Christensen plays Caroline. Dennis Quaid plays Arnie.

*Traffic* got very positive reviews from movie critics. The movie got back over $207 million at the box office. It also earned four Academy Awards, including Best Director and Best Film Editing.

## Other websites

* *Traffic* on IMDb
* *Traffic* at AllMovie
* *Traffic* at Rotten Tomatoes
* *Traffic* at Metacritic
* *Traffic* at Box Office Mojo
# Interiors

Interiors is a 1978 American drama movie directed by Woody Allen and stars Geraldine Page, Diane Keaton, Mary Beth Hurt, Maureen Stapleton, Sam Waterston, Kristin Griffin. It was distributed by United Artists and was nominated for 5 Oscars in 1979.

## Other websites

* *Interiors* on IMDb
# NAGA

**Naga** or **NAGA** may refer to:

## Mythology

* Nāga, a serpentine deity or race in Hindu, Buddhist and Jain traditions

## Clans and ethnic groups

* Naga people, an ethnic group of northeast India and northwest Burma

## People

* Naga Munchetty (born 1975), English journalist and television presenter
* Naga Chaitanya (born 1986), Indian film actor

## Places

* Kampung Naga, West Java, Indonesia
* Naga, Camarines Sur, Philippines
* Nagaland in Asia

## Other uses

* Naga Sadow, a Sith Lord in the *Star Wars Expanded Universe*
* Naga, a battlecruiser-sized ship class in *Eve Online*
* NAGA Group
# Rance Howard

Howard in December 2007
**Rance Howard** (**Harold Rance Beckenholdt**; November 17, 1928 – November 25, 2017) was an American actor. He acted in movies and on television. He was the father of actor and filmmaker Ron Howard and actor Clint Howard. He was the grandfather of the actress Bryce Dallas Howard.

Howard was born in Duncan, Oklahoma. He studied at the University of Oklahoma. He changed his name to "Rance Howard" when he became an actor.

Howard's career began in 1956. He appeared in many movies such as *Cool Hand Luke* (1967), *Chinatown* (1974), *Ed Wood* (1994), *Independence Day* (1996), *A Beautiful Mind* (2001), *Cinderella Man* (2005), *Frost/Nixon* (2008), and in *The Lone Ranger* (2013).

Howard was married to Jean Speegle from 1949 until her death in 2000. In 2001, he married Judy Howard. She died in January 2017.

Howard died on November 25, 2017 in Los Angeles, California of heart failure complicated by the West Nile virus at the age of 89.

## Other websites

* Rance Howard on IMDb
* Genealogy Wiki Archived 2007-03-12 at the Wayback Machine
* Interview May, 2014 Archived 2016-04-23 at the Wayback Machine in The Oklahoman
# Omar Sy

| Omar Sy |
| --- |
| Sy at the 2013 San Diego Comic-Con International |
| Born |  (1978-01-20) 20 January 1978 Trappes, France |
| Occupation | Actor |
| Years active | 2000–present |
| Spouse | Hélène (m. 2007; 3 children) |
| Children | Alhadji Sy, Tidiane Sy, and Telly Sy |

**Omar Sy** (born 20 January 1978) is a French actor and comedian. He is best known in France for his duo with Fred Testot, *Omar et Fred*, and for his role in *The Intouchables*. Internationally, he is known for his roles in *X-Men: Days of Future Past* and *Jurassic World*. His newest Film is French Lover.

Sy received a César Award for Best Actor on 24 February 2012 for his role in *The Intouchables* and in doing so also became the first actor of African descent to win the French award.

Sy is a Muslim. His parents are both immigrants from West Africa.

## Other websites

 Media related to Omar Sy at Wikimedia Commons

* Omar et Fred Archived 2004-09-23 at the Wayback Machine
* Omar Sy on IMDb
# Scythians

Scythians| A Scythian with a domesticated horse (reconstruction by Dimitri Pozdniakov) |
| Total population |
| Unknown |
| Regions with significant populations |
| Eastern Europe Central Asia West Asia Southern Asia |
| Languages |
| Scythian languages (Northeastern Iranic subfamily) |
| Religion |
| Scythian religion |
| Related ethnic groups |
| * Sarmatians
* Dahae
* Jatts
* Nairs
* Sakas
* Cheemas
* Kambojs
* Massagetes
* Indo-Scythians
 |

The **Scythians** were an Iranic nomadic Eurasian people.

## History

Historical spread of Iranian peoples/languages: Scythia, Sarmatia, Bactria and the Parthian Empire in about 170 BC (evidently before the Yuezhi invaded Bactria). Modern political boundaries are shown to facilitate orientation.Scythians Flag of Map Period of Ateas.
The Scythians were nomadic, famous for being skillful at horse riding, who dominated the Pontic steppe (modern Ukraine and Southern Russia) throughout the ancient world. By the 2nd century AD the closely-related Sarmatians came to dominate the Scyths in this area.

Most information about the Scyths comes from the famous Greek historian Herodotus (c. 440 BC) in his chronicle *Histories*, and from archaeologically from the beautiful goldwork found in Scythian Kurgan burial mounds in Ukraine, Kazakhstan and southern Russia.

Genetic makeup of the Saka and Scythian cultures: The Scytho-Siberian world is characterized by an admixture cline between Western Steppe Herders (Steppe MLBA/Sintashta/Andronovo/Srubnaya) and Khövsgö LBA herders (Mongolia), with additional varying degrees of BMAC-like (Neolithic Iranian) ancestry. Iron Age Turkmenistan/Uzbekistan and Kisrov Kushan samples displayed a similar pattern of Steppe MLBA and BMAC-like ancestries, but lacked the Khövsgöl LBA component.
## Military

The Scythian Army was the main force of the Scythians. The Scythian Army were not paid wages but food and clothes. Greek-style bronze helmets and jerkins were common among some soldiers.

### Weapons

Scythian soldiers typically used double-curved bow, trefoil-shaped arrows and Persian swords.

## Custom

Every Scythian had at least one mount for oneself, while members of the Scythian upper class could have a large amount of horses.

As for burial, family members of a dead men were sometimes sacrificed. Scythian artifacts showed a certain level of influences from Greek culture.

## Related peoples

* Sakas
* Sogdiana
* Sarmatians
# Samuel Morse

Samuel Morse
**Samuel Finley Breese Morse** (April 27, 1791 – April 2, 1872) was an American inventor. He was the first person to make a telegraph with only one wire, and also helped come up with the idea of Morse code.

Since the 1700s, there were different types of telegraphs being made, but they were hard to use because they had several wires. (The first telegraph ever built had 26 wires, which made it almost impossible to use.) Morse spent years trying to build one with only one wire, and managed to do it in 1836. Morse and his assistant made a code with "dots and "dashes", which were two different types of "clicks" on the telegraph.

Morse's invention made it possible to quickly communicate with people far away, and many telegraph lines were built. A telegraph line using his invention was built between Washington, D.C. and Baltimore in 1844. By the 1860s, there were telegraph lines all around North America, and in 1866, a telegraph line was built across the Atlantic Ocean.

## Life

Samuel F. B. Morse was born in Charlestown, Massachusetts

Morse was a painter before he was an inventor. He was a professor of art at New York University. He wanted to do some paintings that were going to be done at the United States Capitol, but was not chosen to do them. He was so disappointed that he gave up painting.

Morse was a devout Christian. The first message he sent on his 1844 telegraph line was "What hath God wrought?", which comes from the Book of Numbers in the Bible.

He died in New York City on April 2, 1872.
# The Bad Sleep Well

The Bad Sleep Well is a 1960 Japanese crime drama movie directed by Akira Kurosawa and stars Toshiro Mifune, Masayuki Mori, Tatsuya Mihashi, Kyōto Kagawa, Kō Nishimura. It was distributed by Toho.

## Other websites

* *The Bad Sleep Well* at AllMovie
* *The Bad Sleep Well* on IMDb
* *The Bad Sleep Well* (in Japanese) at the Japanese Movie Database