Rikunarita-ORG/Wikinium huggingface dataset:
# Disney Studios Australia

Disney Studios Australia|  |
| Company type | Subsidiary |
| Industry | Film |
| Founded | 1 May 1998 (1998-05-01) |
| Headquarters | Moore Park, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia (Map) |
| Parent | 20th Century Studios (Walt Disney Studios) |
| Website | disneystudiosaustralia.com |

**Disney Studios Australia** is a major movie studio in Sydney, Australia. Since opening in May 1998, the studio has been involved in the production of a number of successful movies, including *Mad Max: Fury Road* (2015), *The Matrix*, *Moulin Rouge!*, *Star Wars Episode II*, *Star Wars Episode III* and *Superman Returns*.

## Other websites

* Fox Studios Australia
* The Entertainment Quarter

## Reference
# Ear

This is a left human earDiagram of the auditory system of the human ear
The **ear** is the part of the body which allows animals (including people) to hear. People and most mammals have ears. Non-mammals, such as lizards or frogs, can also hear, but may have holes instead of external ears. The ear works by directing sound waves to the inner ear. These vibrations are sent to the brain by an organized group of nerves. This system is called the auditory system — *auditory* meaning relating to hearing and how we hear. The ear is self-cleaning. It uses muscles (such as when the person is chewing or talking) and part of the head or face to push earwax like a "conveyor belt" out of the ear, to the outer ear.

The inner ear is in most vertebrates, but mammals have special adaptations for hearing which even other land vertebrates do not have. These include the external ear and the three little bones which transmit sounds to the brain (the ossicles). The part of the ear that sticks out and can be seen is called the *pinna.*

Ears are also used in other ways. African elephants use their large ears to cool themselves when it is very hot. Bats rely on their ears to find prey by echolocation. Some animals use their ears for signalling (sending messages) to each other.

## Other hearing

In ordinary language, "ear" refers to this receptor which conducts sound and sends signals to the brain. It does not refer to the many other methods of hearing found in fish and invertebrates. Many animals do not hear through ears. Spiders have small hairs on their legs that they can hear with.

## Related pages

* Inner ear
* Earwax
# Comfort women

Photo of comfort women.
**Comfort women** were women and girls forced into sexual slavery. These women, mostly Korean and Chinese, were forced by the Imperial Japanese Army in occupied territories before and during World War II. There are different estimates of how many comfort women there were. Most researchers say there were probably around 50,000 to 200,000 comfort women. One source says the number of comfort women was closer to 20,000 while another says there were as many as 410,000.
# Mount Fuji

A picture of Mount Fuji.
**Mount Fuji** (富士山, Fuji-san) is the tallest mountain in Japan, at
3,776 metres (12,388 ft) high. It is also a volcano. It is on the border between Shizuoka Prefecture and Yamanashi Prefecture. Mount Fuji is a famous cultural icon of Japan, as a lot of people have painted it and taken photographs of it. It became the 13th UNESCO World Heritage Site in Japan on June 22, 2013. The last time it erupted was from 1707 to 1708.

## Dormant volcano

3D computer simulation
Mount Fuji is officially classified as an active volcano, but some describe Fuji as dormant or inactive.

The last major event was the Hōei eruption of Mount Fuji which started on December 16, 1707 (*Hōei 4, 23rd day of the 11th month*) and ended about January 1, 1708 (*Hōei 4, 9th day of the 12th month*) during the Edo period. Cinders and ash from Fuji fell like rain in Izu Province, Kai Province, Sagami Province, and Musashi Province.

## Shinto

The mountain is thought to be named after Fuchi, the Buddhist fire goddess. The mountain is sacred in the Shinto religion and at the bottom of the mountain are shrines to the goddess Konohananosakuya-hime (コノハナノサクヤヒメ）).

## Climbing

Many people climb Mt. Fuji every year. The official climbing season is in the summer: July 25 to August 25. There are three mountain-climbing routes on the Shizuoka side of Mt. Fuji. There is a post office on the top of Mt. Fuji which is open only in summer. The post office was built in 1909 and is the highest post office in Japan.

## Mountain in art

In 2009, Mount Fuji was recognized as one of the 100 Landscapes of Japan which best show contemporary Japan and its culture in the Heisei period.

* *The Great Wave off Kanagawa* (1832), from *36 Views of Mount Fuji*, by Hokusai
* *Red Fuji* by Hokusai
* *Hodogaya on the Tokaido Road* by Hokusai
* *The sea off Satta, Suruga* (*Suruga Satta no Kaijō*) by Hiroshige (1859)
* *Mt. Fuji seen across a plain* by Hiroshige
* *Surugacho (Suruga Street)* (1856), from *One Hundred Famous Views of Edo* by Hiroshige, depicting the Echigoya kimono and money exchange store with Mount Fuji in background

## Related pages

* List of World Heritage Sites in Japan
* List of volcanos
* Extinct volcano

## Other websites

 Media related to Mount Fuji at Wikimedia Commons

* Nippon Archives, Nippon Archives - The history of Mount Fuji Archived 2010-12-31 at the Wayback Machine
* Japan-guide.com, Mount Fuji
* Kawaguchi Lake Immersive Virtual Tour Archived 2012-04-25 at the Wayback Machine
* Pictures of routes up Mount Fuji Archived 2012-03-16 at the Wayback Machine
* Mount Fuji climbing & sightseeing guide
# Kansai region

Map of Japan with Kansai region highlighted in dark green
The **Kansai region** (関西地方, *Kansai-chihō*) is one of Japan's traditional regions The area is also known as the **Kinki region** (近畿地方, *Kinki-chihō*) or as the **Kinai** (畿内). The Japanese conventions of geography and history divide the nation into eight regions, including the Kansai region. These have been used since 1905 as basic units for description and comparison. and as cultural markers.

The regions of Japan are a fusion of historical divisions and modern administrative needs". The significance of the region in Japan is geographical, cultural and administrative.

## History

In the late 7th century, the *Kinki* region were identified as one of the eight largest administrative areas of the Imperial system (*ritsuryo seido*).

*Gokishichidō* is an ancient system of names for parts of the country, including *Kinki* or *Kansai*. *Kansai* covers the area around the capital city of Kyoto on the island of Honshū in roughly the same area as the traditional *Kinki*.

In the Meiji period, the modern regional system was made by Imperial decree. Japan was divided into regions (*chihō Archived 2017-03-24 at the Wayback Machine*), including the Kinki region. A regional council (*chihō gyōsei kyōgisai*) was headed by the governor of the most powerful prefecture in the regional grouping. The council also included regional chiefs of central government ministries.

### Table: Kansai region

| Province | Province capital |  Pre-modern regions | Prefecture | Prefecture capital |  Regions today | Notes |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| Izumi |  | Kinai | Osaka | Osaka | Kansai | created in 716 from Kawachi, then rejoined back in 740, later re-split in 757 |
| Kawachi |  | Kinai | Osaka | Osaka | Kansai |  |
| Settsu | Osaka | Kinai | Hyōgo; Osaka | Kobe; Osaka | Kansai |  |
| Yamashiro | Kyoto | Kinai | Kyoto; Nara | Kyoto; Nara | Kansai |  |
| Yamato | Wakigami | Kinai | Nara | Nara | Kansai | northern Nara without Yoshino |

Over time, Kansai has developed its own regional dialects, customs and unique traditional culture.

## Related pages

Regions in the context of modern prefectures:

|  |  |  |  |
| --- | --- | --- | --- |
| Kinai | Tōkaidō | Tōsandō | Hokurikudō |
| San'indō | San'yōdō | Nankaidō | Saikaidō |

* Provinces of Japan
* Prefectures of Japan
* List of regions of Japan
* List of islands of Japan

### Places named with Kansai

* Kansai Airport Station
* Kansai International Airport
* Kansai Ki-in (Organization for Go)

## Other websites

* Murdoch's map of provinces, 1903
# Kawaii

Hello Kitty poster in Tokyo
**Kawaii** is a part of Japanese culture that focuses on cuteness and charm. It expresses innocence, friendliness, and childlike behavior. The word *kawaii* (かわいい) means *cute* or *lovable* in Japanese. It also plays a quite important role in Japan's entertainment, fashion, food, and behavior. Kawaii can not only be found in Japan, but also East Asian countries like China, Taiwan, Hong Kong, South Korea, and Macau, and also in Southeast Asian countries like the Philippines, Thailand, Vietnam, and Singapore. It is also starting to become popular in the United States among fans of anime and manga, among other aspects of Japanese culture.
# Batman (city)

A city street in Batman
**Batman** is a city in southeast Turkey. It is the capital (city) of the province with the same name. In 2010, 325,000 people lived there. There are many Kurds in that area. The area has much oil and gas.

There is a railway track at Kurtalan, near this city. The track runs all the way to Istanbul. There is also an airport near Batman. The name is short for the Bati Raman mountains.

## Other websites

* Batman Municipality Archived 2020-07-15 at the Wayback Machine
# Anatolia

Map of Anatolia
**Anatolia**, also called **Asia Minor** (from Ancient Greek: 'Άνατολή, Turkish: **Anadolu**), is a peninsula at the west end of Asia. It forms the majority of modern Turkey.

It has an area of 750,000 km2 (290,000 sq mi). Most of it is a plateau. that averages 1,000 m (3,300 ft) above sea level. Its climate is continental and semi-arid in the interior, temperate along the northern coast, and subtropical along the southern and the western coasts. Most of its people speak Turkish.

Anatolia is surrounded by the Black Sea, the Aegean Sea and the Mediterranean Sea. It is between Europe and Asia. This has led to people of many different cultures living there.

Many great historical peoples have lived in or occupied Anatolia; They include the Hittites, Lydians, Greeks, Persians, Armenians, Celts, Romans, Goths, Byzantines, Seljuk Turks and Ottoman Turks. The Roman Empire had a province called Asia that was also called Phrygia. People later started to call the entire continent Asia. Because of this, the peninsula became called Asia Minor (Little Asia).

Troy is the most famous of the many cities that existed long ago in Anatolia.
# Gaul

Map of Gaul circa 58 BC
**Gaul** (Latin: *Gallia*) was the name given in ancient times to the area of Western Europe that included what are now northern Italy, France, Belgium, western Switzerland and the parts of the Netherlands and Germany on the west bank of the Rhine River. Many Celtic tribes lived in the region and were known by the Romans simply as "Gauls".

In English, the word *Gaul* (French: *Gaulois*) may mean a Celtic inhabitant of that region or all ancient speakers of Gaulish. In that way, "Gaul" and "Celt" are sometimes used in the same sense.

Gauls under Brennus attacked Rome at the Battle of the Allia (390 BC). The Romans later conquered and ruled Gaul.

From 260 to 274, Gaul broke away from the Roman Empire and formed the Gallic Empire before it was defeated and reintegrated.

## Trivia

In Greek, modern-day France is called *Γαλλία* (same as the Latin *Gallia*), and the term for a Gaulish person is *Γαλατία* (Galatia).

## Other websites

* The Gallic Wars Archived 2011-09-26 at the Wayback Machine
# Aix-en-Pévèle

Coat of arms
**Aix-en-Pévèle** (French pronunciation: ​[nav]) is a commune in Nord in north France. In 2018, 1,275 people lived there.

## Other websites

* INSEE commune file
# Bousies

The church in Bousies
Coat of arms
**Bousies** is a commune in Nord in north France. In 2019, 1,757 people lived there.

## Other websites

* INSEE commune file
# 1890s

The **1890s** was the decade that began on January 1, 1890 and ended on December 31, 1899. It is distinct from the decade known as the '''190st decade''' which began on January 1, 1891 and ended on December 31, 1900.

## Events

### Births

* May 19, 1890 – Ho Chi Minh, prime minister (1946–1955) and president (1955–1969) of North Vietnam
* September 15, 1890 – Agatha Christie, English writer
* October 2, 1890 – Groucho Marx, American comedian
* October 14, 1890 – Dwight D. Eisenhower, president of the United States 1953–1961
* November 22, 1890 – Charles de Gaulle, president of France 1958–1969
* June 9, 1891 – Cole Porter, American musician
* January 3, 1892 – J.R.R. Tolkien, English author
* May 7, 1892 – Josip Broz Tito, president of Yugoslavia 1953–1980
* December 26, 1893 – Mao Zedong, Chairman of the Communist Party of China

### World leaders

* Prime Minister John Sparrow David Thompson (Canada)
* Prime Minister Sir Wilfrid Laurier (Canada)
* Emperor Franz Josef (Austria-Hungary)
* Kaiser Wilhelm II (German Empire)
* Chancellor Leo von Caprivi (German Empire)
* King Umberto I (Italy)
* Pope Leo XIII
* Czar Alexander III (Russia)
* Czar Nicholas II (Russia)
* Queen Victoria (United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland)
* Prime Minister Robert Arthur Talbot Gascoyne-Cecil, 3rd Marquess of Salisbury (United Kingdom)
* Prime Minister William Ewart Gladstone (United Kingdom)
* Prime Minister Archibald Philip Primrose, 5th Earl of Rosebery (United Kingdom)
* President Benjamin Harrison (United States)
* President Grover Cleveland (United States)
* President William McKinley (United States)
* Shahs of Persia (Qajar dynasty)

1. Nasser-al-Din Shah, 1848–1896
2. Mozzafar-al-Din Shah, 1896–1907
# William Tecumseh Sherman

| William Tecumseh Sherman |
| --- |
| Maj. Gen. William T. Sherman, USA, in May 1865. The black ribbon around his left arm is a sign of mourning over President Abraham Lincoln's death. Portrait by Mathew Brady. |
| Nickname(s) | Cump, Uncle Billy (by his troops) |
| Allegiance |  United States of America |
| Branch | United States Army Union Army |
| Years of service | 1840–53, 1861–84 |
| Rank | Major General (Civil War), General of the Army of the United States (postbellum) |
| Commands | Army of the Tennessee (1863), Military Division of the Mississippi (1864), Commanding General of the United States Army (postbellum) |
| Battles / wars | American Civil War -Shiloh, - Vicksburg Campaign, - Chattanooga, - Atlanta Campaign, - March to the Sea, - Carolinas Campaign |
| Awards | Thanks of Congress (1864 and 1865) |
| Other work | Bank president, lawyer, university superintendent, streetcar executive |

**William Tecumseh Sherman** (February 8, 1820 – February 14, 1891) was an American soldier, businessman, educator, and author.

Before the American Civil War, he fought in the Mexican-American War and was the head of Louisiana State University. He served as a General in the Union Army during the American Civil War (1861–1865).

As general, he led the Atlanta Campaign and burned the city. Sherman's March to the Sea later devastated Georgia and burned Savannah. After the Civil War, he was in charge of all the Union Armies.

He was urged several times to run for president, but he refused each time.

## Other websites

* U.S. Army Center of Military History
* William T. Sherman Family papers from the University of Notre Dame
* William Tecumseh Sherman Archived 2006-02-06 at the Wayback Machine, from the Virtual Museum of the City of San Francisco Archived 2006-02-06 at the Wayback Machine, concentrates on Sherman's time in California
* California military history Sherman's time in California, more info concentrates on Sherman's time in Georgia
* Sherman House Museum Archived 2002-01-23 at the Wayback Machine, at Sherman's birthplace in Lancaster, Ohio
* Sherman Thackara Collection at the Digital Library @ Villanova University
* Works by William Tecumseh Sherman at Project Gutenberg
* New York Times obituary
* New York Times report on St. Louis funeral proceedings
* Eulogy by brother, Senator John Sherman
* William Tecumseh Sherman at Find a Grave Retrieved on 2007-12-13
* City of San Francisco
* William Tecumseh Sherman Collection at Missouri History Museum Archives
# Gross domestic product

In economics, **gross domestic product** (**GDP**) is how much a place produces in an amount of time. GDP can be calculated by adding up its output (total production) inside a country.

To find the GDP of a country, one adds up all consumer spending (C), all investment (I), all government spending minus taxes (G), and the value of exports minus imports (*X – M*). This is shown by the equation:

>  WIKINIUM\_MATH\_PH\_0
>
>

 This measure is often used to find out how healthy a country is; a country with a high value of GDP can be called a large economy. The United States has the largest GDP in the world. Germany has the largest in Europe, Nigeria in Africa and China in Asia.

When a country's GDP is negative for two consecutive quarters it is considered to be in a recession. This is an unhealthy state for the country.

There are different ways to calculate GDP. Nominal GDP is the total amount of money spent on all the goods (new and final) in an economy; however, real GDP (adjusting for changes in prices) tries to correct this number for inflation. For example, if the prices rise by 2% (meaning, everything costs 2% more) and the nominal GDP grows by 5%, the real GDP growth is only increased by 3%.

## GDP per capita

GDP per capita is the total income of a country divided by the number of people living in that country. It shows how rich people are, on average.

There are also different ways of calculating GDP per capita: nominal and purchasing power parity (PPP). Nominal does not take into account the inflation rate and the cost of living of a country, but it's more useful when comparing national economies on the international market. PPP may be more useful when comparing peoples' living standards between countries.

## Gross national product

The GDP measure is different from **gross national product** (GNP) in that GNP = GDP + net income from assets in other countries (net income receipts).
Q

## Nominal GDP

When the gross domestic product is evaluated at the current market prices, it is called the nominal GDP. It includes changes in prices which makes it different from the real GDP due to inflation or price fluctuations. It can be measured in one of three different ways: *income approach* uses the total of all income from businesses and individuals in a single year; the *expenditure approach* uses the market value of all goods purchased in a single year; and the *production approach* is based on the total production in a single year.
# Dersu Uzala (1975 movie)

| Dersu Uzala (Дерсу Узала) (デルス·ウザーラ) |
| --- |
| Directed by | Akira Kurosawa |
| Screenplay by | Akira Kurosawa Yuri Nagibin |
| Based on | *Dersu Uzala* by Vladimir Arsenyev |
| Produced by | Yoichi Matsue Nikolai Sizov |
| Starring | Maxim Munzuk Yury Solomin |
| Cinematography | Asakazu Nakai Yuri Gantman Fyodor Dobronravov |
| Edited by | Valentina Stepanova |
| Music by | Isaak Shvarts |
| Production companies | Daiei Film Mosfilm |
| Distributed by | Mosfilm (USSR) Daiei Film (Japan) |
| Release dates | * July 1975 (1975-07) (USSR)
* 2 August 1975 (1975-08-02) (Japan)
 |
| Running time | 144 minutes |
| Countries | Soviet Union Japan |
| Languages | Russian Mandarin Kyakhta Russian–Chinese Pidgin |
| Budget | $4 million (est.) |
| Box office | 21 million tickets (USSR/EU) $1.2 million (USA/Canada) |

Dersu Uzala (Russian: Дерсу Узала) is a 1975 Soviet-Japanese drama movie directed by Akira Kurosawa and stars Yury Solomin, Maxim Munzuk, and Vladimir Kremena. It won an Academy Award in 1976.

## Actors

* Yury Solomin as Vladimir Arsenyev
* Maxim Munzuk as Dersu Uzala
* Vladimir Kremena as Turtygin
* Alexander Pyatkov as Olenev
* Svetlana Danilchenko as Anna
* Suimenkul Chokmorov as Chzhan Bao

## Other websites

* *Dersu Uzala* on IMDb
* *Dersu Uzala* at Letterboxd
# 300 North LaSalle

| 300 North LaSalle |
| --- |
|  |
|  |
| General information |
| Location | Chicago  United States |
| Completed | 2009 |
| Height |
| Antenna spire | 239 m (785 ft) |
| Technical details |
| Floor count | 60 |

**300 North LaSalle** is a skyscraper in Chicago, United States. It is 239 meters (785 feet) tall and has 60 floors. It was built in 2009 and is one of the tallest buildings in the world.

## Other websites

* Official Website
* Emporis.com - 300 North LaSalle
* SkycraperPage.com – 300 North LaSalle Archived 2007-12-11 at the Wayback Machine
# 1799

1799 in other calendars| Gregorian calendar | 1799 *MDCCXCIX* |
| French Republican calendar | 7–8 |
| Ab urbe condita | 2552 |
| Armenian calendar | 1248 ԹՎ ՌՄԽԸ |
| Assyrian calendar | 6549 |
| Balinese saka calendar | 1720–1721 |
| Bengali calendar | 1206 |
| Berber calendar | 2749 |
| British Regnal year | 39 Geo. 3 – 40 Geo. 3 |
| Buddhist calendar | 2343 |
| Burmese calendar | 1161 |
| Byzantine calendar | 7307–7308 |
| Chinese calendar | 戊午年 (Earth Horse) 4495 or 4435     *— to —* 己未年 (Earth Goat) 4496 or 4436 |
| Coptic calendar | 1515–1516 |
| Discordian calendar | 2965 |
| Ethiopian calendar | 1791–1792 |
| Hebrew calendar | 5559–5560 |
| Hindu calendars |  |
|  - *Vikram Samvat* | 1855–1856 |
|  - *Shaka Samvat* | 1720–1721 |
|  - *Kali Yuga* | 4899–4900 |
| Holocene calendar | 11799 |
| Igbo calendar | 799–800 |
| Iranian calendar | 1177–1178 |
| Islamic calendar | 1213–1214 |
| Japanese calendar | Kansei 11 (寛政１１年) |
| Javanese calendar | 1725–1726 |
| Julian calendar | Gregorian minus 11 days |
| Korean calendar | 4132 |
| Minguo calendar | 113 before ROC 民前113年 |
| Nanakshahi calendar | 331 |
| Thai solar calendar | 2341–2342 |
| Tibetan calendar | ས་ཕོ་རྟ་ལོ་ (male Earth-Horse) 1925 or 1544 or 772     *— to —* ས་མོ་ལུག་ལོ་ (female Earth-Sheep) 1926 or 1545 or 773 |

**1799** (MDCCXCIX) was a common year starting on Tuesday in the Gregorian calendar and a common year starting on Saturday in the Julian calendar.

## Events

* March 1 – Federalist James Ross becomes President Pro Tempore of the United States Senate.
* March 7 – Napoleon captures Jaffa in Palestine and his troops proceed to kill more than 2,000 Albanian captives.
* March 29 – New York passes a law aimed at gradually abolishing slavery in the state.
* July 7 – Ranjit Singh's men had taken their positions outside Lahore.
* July 15 – In the Egyptian port city of Rosetta, French Captain Pierre Bouchard finds the Rosetta Stone.
* July 25 – At Aboukir in Egypt, Napoleon I of France defeats 10,000 Ottoman Mamluk troops under Mustafa Pasha.
* November 9 – Napoleon overthrows the French Directory.
* December – Napoleon becomes First Consul.
* The Dutch East India Company is dissolved.
* The Place Royale in Paris is renamed Place des Vosges when the Department of Vosges becomes the first to pay new Revolutionary taxes.
* The American System of manufacturing is invented.

Deaths

December 14 - George Washington, 67, first President of the United States, throat infection (b. 1732)

## Births

*for more information, see Category:1799 births.*
* April 17 - Edward Williams Clay, American artist (d. 1857)

## Deaths

*for more information, see Category:1799 deaths.*
* August 29 – Pope Pius VI, Roman Catholic pope during the French revolution. (b. 1717)