Rikunarita-ORG/Wikinium huggingface dataset:
# Tav

| ← Shin Taw Ṯāʾ → |
| --- |
| Phoenician |  |
| Hebrew | ת |
| Aramaic |  |
| Syriac | ܬ |
| Arabic | ت |
| Phonemic representation | t (also θ, s) |
| Position in alphabet | 22 |
| Numerical value | 400 |
| Alphabetic derivatives of the Phoenician |
| Greek | Τ, Ϛ, Χ? |
| Latin | T, X? |
| Cyrillic | Т, Ѿ, Х? |

**Taw**, **tav**, or **taf** is the twenty-second and last letter of the Semitic abjads, including Phoenician Tāw , Hebrew Tav ת, Aramaic Taw , Syriac Taw ܬ, and Arabic ت Tāʼ (22nd in abjadi order, 3rd in modern order). In Arabic, it is also gives rise to the derived letter ث Ṯāʼ. Its original sound value is /t/.
**Tav**, or **Taw**, is the twenty-second and last letter in many Semitic abjads, including Phoenician, Aramaic, Hebrew and Arabic alphabet. Its sounds like a /t/.
# Upsilon

**Upsilon** (uppercase/lowercase **Υ υ**) is the 20th letter of the Greek alphabet. It is used to represent the "u" sound in Ancient Greek and "i" in Modern Greek. In the system of Greek numerals, it has a value of 400. Letters that came from it include the Roman U, V and Y, and the Cyrillic У.

In mathematics, the uppercase WIKINIUM\_MATH\_PH\_0 is used to represent the upsilon function (a variant of Riemann zeta function), while the lowercase WIKINIUM\_MATH\_PH\_2 is used as a general variable. In physics, the uppercase WIKINIUM\_MATH\_PH\_4 is used to represent an upsilon meson. In astrology, the same letter is used for the sign of Aries.

## Related pages

* U (Cyrillic)
# Ionian Sea

The **Ionian Sea** is an arm of the Mediterranean Sea, south of the Adriatic Sea. It is bordered by southern Italy including Calabria, Sicily and the Salento peninsula to the west, and by southwestern Albania. Most of the islands are Greek, including Corfu, Zante, Kephalonia, Ithaka, and Lefkas to the east. It is far from Ionia. The islands are usually called the Ionian Islands. The sea is one of the most seismically active areas in the world.

There are ferry routes between Patras, Greece and Brindisi and Ancona, Italy, that cross the east and north of the Ionian Sea, and from Piraeus westward.
# NEC

NEC Corporation|  |
| The NEC Supertower in Minato, Tokyo, Japan, the headquarters of NEC |
| Native name | 日本電気株式会社 |
| Romanized name | Nippon Denki kabushiki gaisha |
| Company type | Public KK |
| Traded as | TYO: 6701  |
| Industry | * Information technology
* Electronics
 |
| Founded | July 17, 1899 (1899-07-17) Tokyo, Japan |
| Headquarters | 5-7-2, Shiba, Minato, Tokyo, Japan |
| Area served | Worldwide |
| Key people | * Nobuhiro Endo (Chairman)
* Takashi Niino (President)
 |
| Products | * Telecommunications equipment
* Servers
* Consumer electronics
* Domestic appliances
* Lighting
 |
| Revenue | ¥2.91 trillion (2019) |
| Operating income | ¥58.5 billion (2019) |
| Net income | ¥40.2 billion (2019) |
| Total assets | ¥2.95 trillion (2019) |
| Total equity | ¥1.06 trillion (2019) |
| Number of employees | 109,390 (2019) |
| Parent | NEC Group  |
| Subsidiaries | NEC Corporation of America, NEC Europe |
| Website | www.nec.com |

**NEC Corporation** (日本電気株式会社, *Nippon Denki Kabushiki-gaisha*) is a Japanese multinational provider of information technology (IT) services and products. It is headquartered in Minato, Tokyo, Japan. It provides IT and network solutions to businesses, communications services providers and to government agencies. It has also been the biggest PC seller in Japan since the 1980s. The company was known as the **Nippon Electric Company, Limited**, before rebranding in 1983 as NEC.

NEC was the world's fourth biggest PC manufacturer by 1990. Its NEC Semiconductors business unit was the global semiconductor sales leader between 1985 and 1990, the second largest in 1995, one of the top three in 2000, and one of the top 10 in 2006. It was still one of the top 20 semiconductor sales leaders before merging with Renesas Electronics. NEC is a member of the Sumitomo Group.

NEC was #463 on the 2017 Fortune 500 list.

## Related pages

* TurboGrafx-16

## Other websites

* Official website
# 11 (number)

|  |  |  |  |
| --- | --- | --- | --- |
|

|  |  |  |
| --- | --- | --- |
| ← 10  | 11 |  12 → |

 |
|  ← 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 → List of numbers — Integers ← 0 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80 90 → |
| Cardinal | eleven, 'leven, oneteen, enteen |
| Ordinal | 11th (eleventh, 'leventh, oneteenth, enteenth) |
| Factorization | prime |
| Prime | 5th |
| Divisors | 1, 11 |
| Greek numeral | ΙΑ´ |
| Roman numeral | XI |
| Greek prefix | hendeca-/hendeka- |
| Latin prefix | undeca- |
| Binary | 10112 |
| Ternary | 1023 |
| Quaternary | 234 |
| Quinary | 215 |
| Senary | 156 |
| Octal | 138 |
| Duodecimal | B12 |
| Hexadecimal | B16 |
| Vigesimal | B20 |
| Base 36 | B36 |
| Hebrew numeral | יא |

**11** (**eleven** /ɪˈlɛvən/ (listen) or /iˈlɛvən/) is a number. It comes between ten and twelve, is an odd number, and is the 5th prime number, after 2, 3, 5, and 7.

In Roman numerals, 11 is written as **XI**.
# OpenSolaris

**OpenSolaris** was an open source Unix operating system from Sun Microsystems. It was based on Sun's non-free Solaris operating system. The operating system was known for its ZFS file system. In 2010, Oracle Corporation bought Sun Microsystems and chose to stop making new versions of OpenSolaris. OpenSolaris was later forked into the illumos kernel and the OpenIndiana distribution.

## Other websites

* OpenSolaris (archived)
* OpenIndiana (a fork of OpenSolaris)
# Fushūgaku

**Fushūgaku** (Japanese: 不就学) is a term used in Japan which means "not attending school". This term is used mainly with Brazilian Japanese children.

## Reasons

There are various reasons as to why children do not attend school in Japan. One reason is that they cannot understand Japanese. Another reason is that their parents cannot afford school fees for them to go to school.

## Related pages

* Homeschooling
# Ethnic groups in Europe

The native peoples of Europe are separated by common genetics, common language, or both. It is estimated there are 87 distinct native peoples in Europe, 33 of which form the ethnic majority in their country. The other 54 are minorities in their countries. The Russians are the largest group, with over 134 million.

## Languages

### Indo-European

Baltic languages: Includes Latgalian, Latvian, Lithuanian, and Samogitian.

Celtic languages: Includes Breton, Cornish, Irish, Manx, Scottish Gaelic, and Welsh.

Germanic languages: Includes Danish, Dutch, English, Faroese, Flemish, Frisian, German, Icelandic, Limburgish, Low Saxon, Luxembourgish, Norwegian, Scots, Swedish, and Yiddish. Afrikaans, a daughter language of Dutch, is spoken mostly by South Africans and Namibians.

Indo-Aryan languages: Romani

Iranic Languages: Ossetian in the Caucasus, and Kurdish in Turkey.

Romance languages: Includes Aromanian, Arpitan, Catalan, Corsican, French, Friulian, Galician, Istro-Romanian, Italian, Ladino, Megleno-Romanian, Occitan, Portuguese, Romanian, Romansh, Sardinian, and Spanish.

Slavic languages: Includes Belarusian, Bosnian, Bulgarian, Croatian, Czech, Kashubian, Macedonian, Montenegrin, Polish, Russian, Rusyn, Serbian, Slovak, Slovene, Sorbian, and Ukrainian

Semitic languages: Maltese

Language isolates: Greek, Albanian, and Armenian.

### Uralic

Finnic: Estonian, Finnish, Livonian

Permic: Komi, Udmurt

Ugric (Disputed branch): Hungarian

Disputed: Mari, Mordvinic, Sámi

No branch: Samoyedic
# Serbs

Serbs
Срби / Srbi| Total population |
| --- |
| **~12-13 million** |
| Regions with significant populations |
| **Former Yugoslavia** | **8,200,000+** |
|  Serbia (including Kosovo Serbs) | ~6,200,000 (2012) |
|  Bosnia and Herzegovina | ~1,300,000 (2012) |
|  Montenegro | 265,895 (Native Serbian speakers)(2011) |
|  Croatia | ~200,000 (2011) |
|  Slovenia | ~40,000 (2002) |
|  Macedonia | ~40,000 (2002) |
| **Europe** | **2,000,000+** |
|  Germany | ~800,000 (2012) |
|  Austria | ~400,000 (2012) |
|   Switzerland | ~200,000 |
|  France | ~120,000 (2012) |
|  Italy | ~55,000 (2004) |
|  Sweden | ~120,000 (2008) |
|  United Kingdom | ~70,000 (2005) |
|  Romania | ~20,000 (2002) |
|  Benelux | ~40,000 (2008) |
|  Norway | ~12,000 (2006) |
|  Denmark | ~60,000 (2008) |
|  Greece | ~15,000 (2001) |
|  Hungary | ~7,000 |
|  Spain | ~5,000 (2008) |
| **North America** | **1,200,000+** |
|  United States | ~1,000,000 |
|  Canada | 80,320 (2011) |
| **Other** | **unknown** |
|  Australia and  New Zealand | ~130,000 |
|  United Arab Emirates | ~15,000 |
|  Turkey | ~4,000 |
|  Russia | ~4,000 (2002) |
| Languages |
| Serbian |
| Religion |
| Predominantly Serbian Orthodox Christian |
| Related ethnic groups |
| Other Slavic peoples, especially South Slavs |

**Serbs** (Serbian: Срби, *Srbi*) are a South Slavic people living in the Balkans and Central Europe, mainly in Serbia, Montenegro, Bosnia-Herzegovina, and in Croatia, in Krajina region. Sprunki Gray is a Serb and the Sprunki town don't like him
# Wetback

**Wetback** is a derogatory term used in the United States to refer to foreign nationals residing in the U.S., most commonly Mexicans. The word mostly targets illegal immigrants in the United States.
# Gentile

A **Gentile** is a person who is not Jewish. It is polite to use this word when needed to describe a person who is not Jewish, as in "my friend Robert is a Gentile." Up until about a hundred years ago, it was very hard (and unlikely) for Jews and Gentiles to be close friends. This is because they would be expected to ask each other over for dinner, but Jews follow strict laws about what they can and cannot eat. They can only eat what is kosher.

## Related pages

* Goy
* Israelite
# BlackBerry

**BlackBerry** is a line of mobile phones made by the Canadian company BlackBerry Limited (originally known as Research In Motion, or RIM, NASDAQ:BBRY). It does many different things like a computer but is small enough to fit in someone's hand. It is a mobile phone; it makes calls without wires. It can access the Internet as well. It also has a calendar and camera, and can send text messages. The BlackBerry started out as a pager and later turned into a mobile phone. The BlackBerry has a PIN which is an eight character hexadecimal identification number which is given to every BlackBerry phone. The President of The United States Barack Obama used and supported the BlackBerry.

in 2012, when it was most popular, there were 80,000,000 users across the world.

## Other websites

* BlackBerry - Official website
# Ruhr-Universität Bochum

Audimax of the Ruhr-Universität Bochum.
The Ruhr-Universität Bochum is one of the biggest universities in Germany. It is in the Ruhr-Area, in the city of Bochum.

## History

The Ruhr-Universität was the first public university founded in West Germany after World War II (in 1962). Later in the 1960s, education expanded in West Germany and more universities were founded.

The Ruhr-University was the fourth largest university in Germany in the late 1980s and early 1990s with more than 40,000 students. But after the state of North Rhine-Westfalia decided to charge study fees, many students left the university and school examiners do not start studying anymore. Actually the fees were 1,000 Euro in the year (about 1,100 US $), but the Ruhr-Area is traditionally a working class region. Summer Semester 2011 was the last semester with tuition fees. The number or students now is more than 40 000.

The university of Bochum was one of the first to have Bachelor and master's degrees instead of the traditional German Diplom and Magister degree.

## Present situation

Academically it is an upper middle-class university with a lot of international affairs, especially with Eastern Europe and Asia. The Ruhr-University Bochum lost some subjects when the state reduced its budget. The main focuses in research are neurosciences, engineering, European law, plasma physics, solidstate physics, biochemistry, economics, Middle Ages and modern history, philosophy and languages.

## Subjects

* Mathematics
* Applied Computational Science
* Physics and Astronomy
* Chemistry and Biochemistry
* Biology and Neuro Sciences
* Geosciences (Geology, Geophysics, Mineralogy, Palentology)
* Geography
* Civil Engineering
* Electro Engineering
* Nanotechnology
* Psychology
* Medicine
* Philosophy
* History (Old, Middle Ages and New History, History of Arts)
* Archeological Sciences
* Chinese(language and literature, there are regional studies for eastern Asia, too)
* Eastern Asian Studies (China, Korea and Japan)
* English Language and Literature American and Canadian Literature
* Romanic Languages and Literature (Italian, French, Spain, Portuguese)
* Slavic Languages and Literature (Russian, Polish)
* German Languages and Literature
* Comparative Literature
* Latin and Old Greek
* Near and Middle Eastern Studies (Arabian Stuies, Indian)
* Roman Catholic Theology
* Protestant (Lutheran) Religious Studies
* Economy
* Laws
* Social Sciences (Sociology, Social Psychology, Politics, Socail-Economical studies)
* Environmental Studies
* Development policy
* Working Sciences
* Sports
* Music Sciences
* Educational Sciences

## Other websites

* English website
# Convenience store

A 7 Eleven store in Canada
A **convenience store** is a small store that stocks a range of everyday items. These include groceries, snack foods, candy, toiletries, soft drinks, tobacco products, and newspapers. They may also offer money order and wire transfer services. In some places, corner stores are licensed to sell alcohol, typically beer and wine.

They differ from general stores and village shops in that they are not usually in rural areas. A convenience store may be part of a gas/petrol station chain. It may be located alongside a busy road, in an urban area, or near a railway or railroad station or other transport hub. In some countries, convenience stores have long shopping hours, some being open 24 hours.

Convenience stores usually charge higher prices than conventional grocery stores or supermarkets. But convenience stores have gained market share. This shows consumers are willing to pay more for convenience. Convenience stores order smaller quantities of inventory at higher per-unit prices from wholesalers. However convenience stores make up for this with the convenience by having longer opening hours, serving more locations, and having shorter checkout lines.
# Sofía Vergara

| Sofía Vergara |
| --- |
| Sofía Vergara in 2019 |
| Born | Sofía Margarita Vergara  (1972-07-10) July 10, 1972 Barranquilla, Atlántico, Colombia |
| Other names | La Toti |
| Occupation(s) | Actress, comedian, model, television host |
| Years active | 1995–present |
| Height | 1.73 m (5 ft 8 in) |
| Spouses | * Joe Gonzalez
​ ​(m. 1991; div. 1993)​
* Joe Manganiello
​ ​(m. 2015; div. 2024)​
 |
| Children | 1 |

**Sofía Margarita Vergara Vergara** (born July 10, 1972) is a Colombian-born American actress, comedian, television host and model.

She is best known for her role on the ABC comedy series *Modern Family* as "Gloria Delgado", for which she was nominated for two Golden Globe Awards, two Primetime Emmy Awards, and three Screen Actors Guild Awards for Best Comedy Actress. Her first big English role was 2002 film *Big Trouble*.

As of 2020, Vergara has been one of the celebrity judges on the talent show *America's Got Talent*.

## Other websites

* Sofía Vergara on IMDb
# Hyperactivity

**Hyperactivity** (word derived from Greek: ὑπέρ "hyper" and Latin: *agere, actum* "to act") can be described as a physical state.

People who have it can not control their overactive behavior and are abnormally active.
# Old Irish

| Old Irish |
| --- |
| *᚛ᚃᚘᚇᚓᚂ᚜* |
| Pronunciation | Old Irish pronunciation: [ˈɸia̯ðel] |
| Region | Ireland and your colonies in Man, Wales, Scotland, Devon and Cornwall |
| Era | 6th–10th century; evolved into Mid Irish by around the 10th century |
| Language family | Indo-European
* Celtic
	+ Insular Celtic
		- **Old Irish**
 |
| Writing system | Ogham |
| Language codes |
| ISO 639-2 | `sga` |
| ISO 639-3 | `sga` |
| *Glottolog* | `oldi1246` |

**Old Irish** was the Goidelic language in the Middle Ages. People spoke Old Irish in Ireland, before the year 1000 AD. Old Irish was a Goidelic language, and modern Goidelic languages like Irish and Scots Gaelic came from it.

## History

The western Britain in a satellite photograph by the European Space Agency.
People speaking Insular Celtic languages probably first came to Ireland at the start of the Iron Age, about 500 BC. By around 500 AD, people in Ireland all had the same Goidelic language and culture. Speakers of Old Irish began to move to Britain as Britain became weaker. Other peoples of Britain named these people the Scot.

Old Irish was the only language in the Goidelic languages until Old Irish split into the modern Goidelic languages of Irish, Scots Gaelic, and Manx. These languages are Insular Celtic languages and part of the bigger group of Celtic languages.

## Phonology

### Consonants

The consonant inventory of Old Irish is shown in the chart below. The complexity of Old Irish phonology is from a four-way split of phonemes inherited from Primitive Irish, with both a fortis–lenis and a "broad–slender" (velarised vs. palatalised) distinction arising from historical changes. The sounds /f v θ ð x ɣ h ṽ n l r/ are the broad lenis equivalents of broad fortis /p b t d k ɡ s m N L R/; likewise for the slender (palatalised) equivalents. (However, most /f fʲ/ sounds actually derive historically from /w/, since /p/ was relatively rare in Old Irish, being a recent import from other languages such as Latin.)
|}

1The short diphthong ŏu likely existed very early in the Old Irish period, but merged with /u/ later on and in many instances was replaced with /o/ due to paradigmatic levelling. It is attested once in the phrase *i r**ou**th* by the *prima manus* of the Würzburg Glosses.

/æ ~ œ/ arose from the u-infection of stressed /a/ by a /u/ that preceded a palatalized consonant. This vowel faced much inconsistency in spelling, often detectable by a word containing it being variably spelled with *au*, *ai*, *e*, *i*, or *u* across attestations.
# Jodo

**Jōdō** (杖道:じょうどう?) or **jōjutsu** (杖術:じょうじゅつ) is a Japanese martial art.

Jōdō uses a short staff called a *jō*. The *jō* is a short staff, usually about 3 to 5 feet (0.9 to 1.5 m) long. Jōdō is strongly focused upon defense against the Japanese sword.

The art is similar to *bōjutsu*.
# Shooting

A man shooting hawks with a Krag-Jørgensen bolt-action rifle in 1940.
**Shooting** is when a rifle, shotgun or other weapons which fire a projectile, such as bows or crossbows, are fired. Even the firing of artillery, rockets and missiles can be called shooting. A person who is very good at shooting is a marksman. Shooting can take place in a shooting range or in the field in hunting, in shooting sports or in combat. Shooting is also an Olympic sport.

## Uses

Shooting is used for hunting birds such as grouse or pheasant, rabbits etc. Sometimes "shooting" just means "hunting".

## Violence

Shooting is also used in warfare, self-defense, crime, and law enforcement. When someone commits mass shooting of innocent people, it is sometimes caused by misanthropy – the hate of mankind.

## Competitive shooting

In several countries, rifle clubs have been made since the 19th century. Soon, international shooting events were started, including shooting at the Summer Olympics (from 1896) and International Shooting Sport Federation (ISSF) World Shooting Championships (from 1897). The ISSF is in charge of Olympic and non-Olympic rifle, pistol and shotgun competitions. However, there are also many national and international shooting sports which other groups are in charge of.

## Shooting supplies

In most countries, those who want to use firearms need a license. Firearms can usually be bought from registered shops.

## Related pages

* Gun
* Gun control

## Other websites

 Media related to Shooting at Wikimedia Commons

|  |
| --- |
| Part of a series of articles on **Sports** |
|
 |
| **Summer Sports** |
| Track and field athletics
Football (soccer)
Basketball
Bowls
Rugby
Gymnastics
Baseball
American football
Cycling·Auto racing
Cricket·Golf
Field hockey·Handball
Archery·Shooting
Fencing·Weightlifting
Pentathlon·Triathlon
Horseback riding |
| Water sports
Swimming· Diving
Water polo·Sailing
Canoeing·Rowing |
| Martial arts
Boxing·Wrestling
Karate·Taekwondo  |
| Net sports
Tennis· Volleyball
Table tennis· Badminton |
| **Winter sports** |
| Ice hockey· Skating
Skiing·Curling
Bobsled·Luge
Snowboarding·Biathlon
Ice sledge hockey |
# Baguazhang

Bāguàzhăng
(八卦掌)| Sun Lu-t'ang circle-walking |
| Also known as | Bāguà quăn, Bāguà zhăng, Pakua chang, Pa-kua chang |
| Hardness | Internal (*nèijiā*) |
| Country of origin |  China |
| Creator | Dong Haichuan 董海川 (attributed) |
| Olympic sport | No |

**Bāguàzhǎng** is one of the major Chinese martial arts of the Wudang school. It is also one of the three main internal styles, or Neijia. *Bāguà zhǎng* means "eight trigram palm," according to the trigrams of the Yijing (I Ching), one of the canons of Taoism.

## Related pages

* Ba gua—the eight trigrams, used as guiding principles for baguazhang.
* Yijing—the Taoist classic examining the movement of the eight trigrams.
* Feng shui—the metaphysical system of interior design based on the bagua.

## Books

* Robert W. Smith, *Chinese Boxing*, ISBN 1-55643-085-X
* Bok Nam, Park & Dan Miller, *The Fundamentals of Pa Kua Chang: The Methods of Lu Shui-T'ien As Taught by Park Bok Nam.*, ISBN 0-86568-173-2
* Shou-Yu, Liang, *Baguazhang : Emei Baguazhang Theory and Applications*, ISBN 0-940871-30-0
* O'Brien, Jess, *Nei Jia Quan: Internal Martial Arts Teachers of Tai Ji Quan, Xing Yi Quan, and Ba Gua Zhang* ISBN 1-55643-506-1
* Frantzis, Bruce Kumar, *The Power of Internal Martial Arts: Combat Secrets of Ba Gua, Tai Chi, and Hsing-I* ISBN 1-55643-253-4
* Mason, Tom and Danko,Dan. The Lost Scrolls:Air. New York: Simon & Schuster,2007
* Lao xie Christopher Lee matsuo 'The heart of bagua*8 powers', 'silk reeling palm','kunlun baguazhang 102', 'dragongatesanctuary.com*
* Ray Carbullido 'Foundations of baguazhang mastery' 'the sword within the sword'
* Lao Xie Christopher Lee Matsuo 'Interviews with lao xie' conducted by hikaru ono in honolulu, Hawaii

## Other websites

* The Pa Kua Chang Journal
* The Walking Circle
* ChinaFromInside presents Baguazhang
* The History of Yin Style Baguazhang Archived 2010-03-15 at the Wayback Machine
* Song Changrong style Baguazhang
* Fu Style BaGua Zhang article, published in Inside Kung Fu Magazine Archived 2009-11-19 at the Wayback Machine
* Emptyflower Discussion Forum for Baguazhang and other internal Neijia Arts Archived 2018-06-30 at the Wayback Machine
* Fists of Mystery and Truth - Discussion and information about Baguazhang and other martial arts