Rikunarita-ORG/Wikinium huggingface dataset:
# 310 BC

|  |
| --- |
| **310 BC by topic** |
| *Politics*  |
| State leaders – Sovereign states |
| *Birth and death categories* |
| Births – Deaths |
| *Establishments and disestablishments categories* |
| Establishments – Disestablishments |
| * v
* t
* e
 |

310 BC in other calendars| Gregorian calendar | 310 BC *CCCIX BC* |
| Ab urbe condita | 444 |
| Ancient Egypt era | XXXIII dynasty, 14 |
| *- Pharaoh* | Ptolemy I Soter, 14 |
| Ancient Greek era | 117th Olympiad, year 3 |
| Assyrian calendar | 4441 |
| Balinese saka calendar | *N/A* |
| Bengali calendar | −902 |
| Berber calendar | 641 |
| Buddhist calendar | 235 |
| Burmese calendar | −947 |
| Byzantine calendar | 5199–5200 |
| Chinese calendar | 庚戌年 (Metal Dog) 2387 or 2327     *— to —* 辛亥年 (Metal Pig) 2388 or 2328 |
| Coptic calendar | −593 – −592 |
| Discordian calendar | 857 |
| Ethiopian calendar | −317 – −316 |
| Hebrew calendar | 3451–3452 |
| Hindu calendars |  |
|  - *Vikram Samvat* | −253 – −252 |
|  - *Shaka Samvat* | *N/A* |
|  - *Kali Yuga* | 2791–2792 |
| Holocene calendar | 9691 |
| Iranian calendar | 931 BP – 930 BP |
| Islamic calendar | 960 BH – 959 BH |
| Javanese calendar | *N/A* |
| Julian calendar | *N/A* |
| Korean calendar | 2024 |
| Minguo calendar | 2221 before ROC 民前2221年 |
| Nanakshahi calendar | −1777 |
| Seleucid era | 2/3 AG |
| Thai solar calendar | 233–234 |
| Tibetan calendar | ལྕགས་ཕོ་ཁྱི་ལོ་ (male Iron-Dog) −183 or −564 or −1336     *— to —* ལྕགས་མོ་ཕག་ལོ་ (female Iron-Boar) −182 or −563 or −1335 |

Year **310 BC** was a year of the pre-Julian Roman calendar.

## Events

### By place

#### Seleucid Empire

* Antigonus tells Nicanor, one of his generals, to attack Babylonia from the east and his son Demetrius Poliorcetes to attack it from the west. Nicanor gets a large force but it is surprised and defeated by Seleucus at the river Tigris. Similarly, Demetrius Poliorcetes does not succeed.

#### Asia Minor

* Ptolemy attacks Cilicia.
* The cities of Antigonia Troas (later known as Alexandria Troas) and Antigoneia (later known as Nicaea) are formed by Antigonus I Monophthalmus.

#### Sicily

* The tyrant of Syracuse Agathocles escapes from the siege of the city by the Carthaginians. He takes the war back to their land.

#### Roman Republic

* Rome has more trouble from the Etruscans. They are persuaded by the Samnites to stop their alliance with the Romans. In the Battle of Lake Vadimo, the Romans under Fabius Maximus Rullianus defeat the Etruscans.

#### Illyria

* The Autariatae disappear due to Celtic migrations.

## Births

*for more information, see Category:310 BC births.*
* Aristarchus of Samos, Greek astronomer and mathematician (approximate date) (d. c. 230 BC)
* Xun Zi, Chinese philosopher (approximate date)

## Deaths

* Pytheas, Greek merchant, geographer and explorer from the Greek colony Massilia (today Marseille) (b. c. 380 BC)
# Leap year

A **leap year** is a calendar year in which an extra day is added to the Gregorian calendar, which is used by most of the world. A common year has 365 days, but a leap year has 366 days. The extra day, February 29, is added to the month of February. In a common year, February has 28 days, but in a leap year it has 29 days. The extra day, called a leap day, occurs on the same day of the week as the first day of the month, February 1.

The term "leap year" comes from the fact that while a specific date of the year advances one day of the week in a common year, in a leap year from March 1 until February 28 of the following year the date will advance 2 days due to the extra day in February, thereby "leaping" over one of the days of the week. For example, Christmas Day (December 25) fell on a Wednesday in 2024, Thursday in 2025, falls on a Friday in 2026 and a Saturday in 2027, but then will leap over Sunday to fall on a Monday in 2028.

Because of this extra day, a leap year of 366 days has 52 weeks and two days. Therefore, a leap year does not begin and end on the same day of the week, as a common year does (for example, in 2024, January 1 fell on a Monday, but December 31 fell on a Tuesday). Thus, the year following a leap year starts two days of the week later instead of one. Additionally, with the exception of leap years after century years not divisible by 400, each leap year starts two days of the week earlier than the previous one. For example, since 2024 began on a Monday, the next leap year, 2028, will begin on a Saturday.

Leap years are evenly divisible by 4. The last leap year was 2024, and the next will be 2028. However, any year that is evenly divided by 100 is not a leap year unless it is also evenly divided by 400. This is why 1600, 2000, and 2400 are leap years, while 1700, 1800, 1900, 2100, 2200, and 2300 are common years, even though they are all divisible by 4.

We have leap years because instead of 365 days, the Earth really takes a few minutes less than 365–1/4 days (365.24219) to go completely around the Sun. Without leap years, the seasons would start one day earlier on the calendar every four years. After 360 years, spring in the Northern Hemisphere and autumn in the Southern Hemisphere would begin on December 21 (which is when winter in the Northern Hemisphere and summer in the Southern Hemisphere presently begins).

A number of countries use a lunar calendar (based on the Moon, instead of the Sun, like our solar calendar is). They have leap years when they add an extra lunar month. Different calendars add the extra month in different ways. So a year which has 366 days instead of 365 days where the month of February has 29 days is called a leap year.

In a leap year, the corresponding months are January, April, and July; February and August; March and November; as well as September and December. No month corresponds to May, June, nor October.

In the Gregorian calendar, 97 out of every 400 years are leap years. In the outdated Julian calendar, 100 years out of every 400 are leap years.

## Related pages

* February 29
* Common year
* Century leap year
# Gerd Binnig

| Gerd Binnig |
| --- |
|  |
| Born |  (1947-07-20) 20 July 1947 Frankfurt am Main, Allied-occupied Germany |
| Alma mater | J.W. Goethe University, Frankfurt |
| Known for | Scanning tunneling microscope, atomic force microscope |
| Awards | Nobel Prize in Physics (1986) The Elliott Cresson Medal (1987)  Kavli Prize (2016) |
| **Scientific career** |
| Fields | Physics |
| Institutions | IBM Zurich Research Laboratory |
| Doctoral advisor | Werner Martienssen Eckhardt Hoenig |
| Doctoral students | Franz Josef Giessibl |
|  |

**Gerd Binnig** (born 20 July 1947) is a German physicist. He is most famous for having won the Nobel Prize in Physics jointly with Heinrich Rohrer in 1986 for the invention of the scanning tunneling microscope.
# Nobusuke Kishi

| Nobusuke Kishi |
| --- |
| 岸 信介 |
|  |
|  |
| Prime Minister of Japan |
| **In office** 31 January 1957 – 19 July 1960 Acting until 25 February 1957 |
| Monarch | Shōwa |
| Preceded by | Tanzan Ishibashi |
| Succeeded by | Hayato Ikeda |
|  |
| Personal details |
| Born | (1896-11-13)13 November 1896 Tabuse, Japan |
| Died | 7 August 1987(1987-08-07) (aged 90) Fukuoka, Japan |
| Political party | Liberal Democratic Party (1955–1987) |
| Other political affiliations | Imperial Rule Assistance Association (1941-1945) Democratic Party (1952–1955) |
| Relatives | Shinzo Abe (grandson) Nobuo Kishi (grandson) Shintaro Abe (son-in-law) |
| Alma mater | Tokyo Imperial University |
| Signature |  |

**Nobusuke Kishi** was a Japanese politician. He was Prime Minister of Japan two times. Kishi was the grandfather of former Japanese Prime Minister Shinzo Abe and the current Japanese Minister of Defense Nobuo Kishi, and the father-in-law of former Japanese Foreign Minister Shintaro Abe.
# Dolby Digital

**Dolby Digital**, also known as **Dolby AC-3**, is developed by Dolby Laboratories. It is an audio compression technology. It reduces the transmission bandwidth and storage requirements of audio data. It is used in movies, TV broadcast, radio broadcast via satellite, digital video streaming, DVDs, Blu-ray discs and game consoles.
# Bernardo Bertolucci

| Bernardo Bertolucci |
| --- |
| Bertolucci in 2011 |
| Born | (1940-03-16)16 March 1940 Parma, Emilia-Romagna, Italy |
| Died | 26 November 2018(2018-11-26) (aged 78) Rome, Italy |
| Occupations | * Movie director
* screenwriter
 |
| Years active | 1962–2018 |
| Spouses | * Adriana Asti ​(divorced)​
* Clare Peploe ​(m. 1979)​
 |
| Father | Attilio Bertolucci |
| Relatives | * Mark Peploe (brother-in-law)
 |
|

Bernardo Bertolucci's voice

from the BBC programme Front Row, 29 April 2013
 |

**Bernardo Bertolucci** (Italian: [berˈnardo bertoˈluttʃi]; 16 March 1940 – 26 November 2018) was an Italian director and screenwriter. His most well known works were *The Conformist*, *Last Tango in Paris*, *1900*, *The Last Emperor*, *The Sheltering Sky*, *Stealing Beauty* and *The Dreamers*.

For *The Last Emperor*, he won two Academy Awards and two Golden Globe Awards (for directing and screenplay).

In 1979, he married to screenwriter Clare Peploe. Before, he was married to actress Adriana Asti.

Bertolucci died in Rome on 26 November 2018, at the age of 77 of lung cancer.
# Jonathan Tunick

Tunick in 2024
**Jonathan Tunick** (born April 19, 1938) is an American orchestrator, musical director, and composer. He is one of sixteen people to have won all four major American show business awards: the Tony Awards, Academy Awards, Emmy Awards and Grammy Awards.

He is best known for his work with Stephen Sondheim, starting in 1970 with *Company*. He was born in New York City.
# Lateral consonant

A **lateral consonant** is a sound where air flows out of the side of the mouth. English has one lateral, [l]. Languages have been found with lateral approximants, fricatives, affricates and flaps. Lateral trills are possible but no language has one.
# Eyes of a Thief

Eyes of a Thief (Arabic: عيون الحرامية) is a 2014 Palestinian French Algerian drama movie directed by Najwa Najjar and starring Khaled Abol Naga, Souad Massi, Nisreen Faour, Maisa Abd Elhadi, Areen Omari.

## Other websites

* *Eyes of a Thief* on IMDb
# Jack Russell Terrier

| Jack Russell Terrier |
| --- |
|  |
| Common nicknames | Jack Russell JRT Jack |
| Origin | England |
|

| Traits |
| --- |
| Weight |
6–8 kg (14–18 lb) |

 |
|

| Kennel club standards |
| --- |
| The Kennel Club |
standard |
| FCI |
standard |

 |
| Dog (domestic dog) |

The **Jack Russell Terrier** is a breed of small dog with a white coat that can be smooth, rough, or "wire-haired". It was bred in England for fox hunting. It can also be used as a work dog.

## History

The Jack Russell terrier was originally bred in England by the Reverend John Russell, starting around 1819. He enjoyed fox hunting and bred the Jack Russell for this activity.

He was successful. Jack Russells are excellent at fox hunting. They are fast runners and are sturdier than the standard terrier. Their sense of smell is so strong that Jack Russells can even smell foxes when they go underground.

## Variations

As with other domesticated animals, there are numerous variations.

### Selective breeding

*See the main article: Selective breeding*

The Jack Russell terrier was bred specifically for fox hunting. Humans have also selectively bred them for other characteristics, like height, to produce Jack Russells of different sizes.

Working dogs come in different sizes to make them better at different jobs. For example, taller terriers were historically used for hunting foxes, while smaller ones were used for hunting rabbits and rodents.

### Parson Jack Russells

Different kennel clubs have different regulations about naming breeds. Some dog clubs differentiate "Parson Jack Russell Terriers" (which are over 12 inches at the shoulders), and "Jack Russell Terriers" (which are under 12 inches in height).

Other clubs do not make this distinction, because they are broadly the same type of dog. Today, the only difference is leg length.

## Other websites

Jack Russell Terrier Clubs
* Jack Russell Terrier Club of America
* Jack Russell Terrier Club of Canada

Other websites
* A Pictorial History of Working Terriers
* Terrier Work Basics
* Jack Russell Rescue Australia, the only Jack Russell Terrier Rescue group in Australia
* Jack Russell Terrier Pictures & Info Archived 2009-03-05 at the Wayback Machine
* Jack Russell Training and Raising Information Archived 2009-10-28 at the Wayback Machine