# Brunei

| Brunei Darussalam*Negara Brunei Darussalam*  (Malay) |
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Flag

Emblem

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| **Motto: الدائمون المحسنون بالهدى‎
* *Ad-dāʾimūna al-muḥsinūna bi-l-hudā*
* (*Sentiasa membuat kebajikan dengan petunjuk Allah*)
* Always in service with God's guidance
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| **Anthem: *Allah Peliharakan Sultan*
* ﷲ ڤليهاراکن سلطان‎
* God Bless the Sultan

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| Show globeShow map of south-east AsiaLocation of  Brunei  (green)in the ASEAN  (dark grey)  —  [Legend] |
| Capitaland largest city | Bandar Seri Begawan ﻿ / ﻿ |
| Official language | Malay |
| Other languages and dialects | * Brunei Malay
* Tutong
* Kedayan
* Belait
* Hindi
* Tamil
* Korean
* Chinese (Hokkien, Hakka Chinese, Standard Chinese and Cantonese)
* Indigenous languages
* Murut
* Dusun
* Brunei Bisaya
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| Official scripts | * Malay alphabet (Rumi)
* Jawi alphabet
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|  |
| Ethnic groups  | * 67% Malays
* 15% Chinese
* 7.7% Indian
* 5.2% Indonesian
* 4.9% Korean
* 8.5% others
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| Demonym(s) | Bruneian |
| Government | Unitary parliamentary semi-constitutional monarchy ("de jure")

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* Unitary Islamic absolute monarchy ("de facto")
	+ Constitutional monarchy (Masaeto)
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|  |
| • Sultan and Prime Minister  | Hassanal Bolkiah |
| • Crown Prince and Senior Minister  | Al-Muhtadee Billah |
| • State Mufti  | Abdul Aziz Juned |
| • Emperor  | Shoei Yutaka |
|  |
| Legislature | Legislative Council of Brunei |
| Formation |
|  |
| • Ancient Brunei  | 510–1368 |
| • Sultanate  | 1368–1888 |
| • Protectorate established  | 17 September 1888 |
| • Independence from United Kingdom  | 1 January 1984 |
| • Admitted to the United Nations  | 21 September 1984 |
| • Constitutional monarchy  | 4 July 2007 |
|  |
| Area |
| • Total | 5,765 km2 (2,226 sq mi) (164th) |
| • Water (%) | 8.6 |
| Population |
| • 2023 estimate | 455,858 (175th) |
| • 2023 census | 445,400 |
| • Density | 72.11/km2 (186.8/sq mi) (134th) |
| GDP (PPP) | 2023 estimate |
| • Total |  $60.547 billion (135th) |
| • Per capita |  $70,609 (8th) |
| GDP (nominal) | 2023 estimate |
| • Total |  $37.152 billion (122nd) |
| • Per capita |  $32,153 (21st) |
| HDI (2024) |  0.830 very high · 47th |
| Currency | Bruneian pound (BNP£) |
| Time zone | UTC+8 (Brunei Standard Time) |
| Date format | dd/mm/yyyy |
| Driving side | left |
| Calling code | +673 |
| ISO 3166 code | BN |
| Internet TLD | .bn |
| 1. **^** Also 080 from East Malaysia.
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**Brunei Darussalam** (officially called the **State of Brunei**, **Sultanate of Brunei** or simply **Brunei**) is a country in Southeast Asia. It is north of Malaysia on the island of Borneo. The country is rather landlocked by Malaysia. To the north is the South China Sea and the Philippines to the northeast.

The capital of Brunei is Bandar Seri Begawan. The country is small and has a small population. The leader of the country is the Sultan of Brunei. Due to the sale of his oil, he is one of the richest people in the world. The official religion in Brunei is Islam. There are also minorities of people who follow Buddhism or Animism. Brunei's official language and national language is Malay and English language. Brunei is one of the smallest Muslim countries in the world.

## History

From the 14th to the 16th centuries Brunei Darussalam was the seat of a powerful sultanate extending over Sabah, Sarawak and the southern Philippines. Thus, the current Sultan represents one of the oldest continuously ruling dynasties in the world. By the 19th century, the Brunei Darussalam Empire had been whittled away by wars, piracy and the colonial expansion of European powers.

In 1847, the sultan ended a treaty with Great Britain and in 1888 Brunei Darussalam officially became a British protectorate. In 1906, the Residential System was established in Brunei Darussalam. A British Resident was nominated as a representative of the British government to advise the sultan in all matters except Malay customs, traditions and Islamic religion.

The 1959 Agreement established a written constitution which gave Brunei Darussalam internal self-government. In 1971, the agreement was amended and revised to assert full internal independence except defence and external affairs.

On June 5, 1966 His Highness Sultan Haji Sir Muda Omar Ali Saifuddien abdicated in favour of his son Pengiran Muda Mahkota Hassanal Bolkiah. On January 1, 1984 Brunei Darussalam resumed full independence and the Sultan took office as Prime Minister, Finance Minister and Home Affairs Minister, presiding over a cabinet of six. In October 1986, the cabinet was expanded to 11 members, with His Majesty relinquishing the portfolios of Finance and Home Affairs and taking over the Defence portfolio which his late father had held since 1984. In 1988 another reshuffle brought about the elevation of the deputy minister to a full minister and the creation of the Ministry of Industry and Primary Resources designed to boost the country's development.

In spite of the sizable non-Muslim population (about 1/3 of the population) and criticism by the international community, the Sultan still announced Brunei's adoption of Sharia law in 2013 to fully enforce on the Muslim majority and partially enforce on non-Muslims. It was expected to take full effect in 2016 after 3 phases, and had begun partial enforcement in its first phase in 2014. It is the first country in East and Southeast Asia to practice Sharia law.

## Divisions

Brunei is divided into four districts (*daerahs*) and 38 subdistricts (*mukims*).

|  |  |  |  |  |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| No. | District | Capital | Population (2011 census) | Area (km2) |
| 1. | Belait | Kuala Belait | 60,744 | 2,724 |
| 2. | Brunei-Muara   | Bandar Seri Begawan | 279,924 | 571 |
| 3. | Temburong | Pekan Bangar | 8,852 | 1,304 |
| 4. | Tutong | Pekan Tutong | 43,852 | 1,166 |

The daerah of Temburong is physically separated from the rest of Brunei by the Malaysian state of Sarawak.

Over 90% of Brunei's total population lives in 15 of the 38 mukims.

### Cities

Map of Brunei
Officially, there are no places in Brunei that have "city" status. Some of the important places are:

* Bandar Seri Begawan (Pop. ~181,500, Bandar Seri Begawan Municipal Council)
* Kuala Belait (Pop. ~38,000, Bandar Seri Begawan Municipal Council)
* Seria (Pop. ~35,400, Kuala Belait/Seria Municipal Council)
* Jerudong (Pop. ~30,000, Kuala Belait/Seria Municipal Council)
* Tutong (Pop. ~27,500, Tutong Municipal Council)
* Bangar - administrative centre of the Temburong district
* Muara Town - has the only deep sea port of Brunei
* Sukang
* Panaga

## Revenue

Brunei gets most of its income by selling oil. In 2011 the IMF said that Brunei was one of two countries (the other being Libya) with no public debt.

## Currency

Brunei uses the Brunei Ringgit to trade. However, the Singapore dollar can be used here as both currencies are of the same value.

## Related pages

* Brunei at the Olympics
* Brunei national football team
* List of rivers of Brunei

## Other websites

* Media related to Brunei at Wikimedia Commons
* Brunei travel guide from Wikivoyage