# Simplified Chinese characters

**Simplified Chinese characters** are one of the two commonly used forms of Chinese characters. As the name shows, these characters were made simpler than the original characters. The original characters are called traditional Chinese characters.

Simplified Chinese characters are used throughout Mainland China. They are also taught and used in some countries in Southeast Asia, including Singapore and Malaysia.

## History

When the People's Republic of China was formed in 1949, the Communist Party of China wanted to help the Chinese people read and write. Before 1949, most Chinese people could not read. The government hoped that by using fewer strokes to write characters, along with many other changes in the education system, the Chinese language would become more standardized, like Japanese. The Empire of Japan had brought changes to the Japanese writing system during the earlier Meiji Restoration to make literacy and education more widely available to all Japanese citizens. Mao also hoped that simplifying Chinese characters would begin to shift Chinese people away from using the character system itself, and that eventually Chinese-speakers would only use a phonetic alphabet to write.

The first set of simplified Chinese characters were first put to public use in 1956. Over time, more characters became "simplified", or existing ones changed, once in 1964 and again in 1978 and 1984.

In hopes of promoting phonetic writing, the CCP was also working creating a standard romanization to accurately represent the pronunciation of Standard Chinese, pinyin. It was first taught in primary schools in 1958.

Roughly 2,000 Chinese characters have been simplified.

## Current use

Since the Republic of China fled to Taiwan and became separated from the rest of China, the government there did not choose to simplify its writing system. So, they still use the older traditional Chinese characters in Taiwan. The territories of Hong Kong and Macau also still use traditional characters, even though they are politically part of the rest of China, which switched to simplified characters.

It could not be proven that Simplified Chinese characters were able to help people with reading and writing. As places using Traditional Chinese characters did not have literacy problems, in 2009 Pan Qing-Lin, a Chinese official, suggested to stop using Simplified Chinese characters. This did not happen.

In multi-racial societies, like Singapore, students have been learning a second language for many years. Because of this, Simplified Chinese characters are welcomed by students. People who learned the simplified set had little problem changing over to the traditional set. Even to this day, there are many reasons for the need to use traditional Chinese characters, such as working in places that did not adapt the simplified Chinese characters or reading older books that have not yet been translated to Simplified Chinese characters.

Most simplified characters have far fewer strokes. For example, the traditional character 馬 has 10 strokes, while its simplified version 马 only has 3 strokes. However, there are some simplified characters with more strokes than their traditional versions. For example, the traditional character 強 has 11 strokes, while the simplified version 强 has 12 strokes.

## Simplified vs. traditional characters

Below is a list of simplified characters next to their traditional versions.

| Simplified | Traditional | Pinyin | Meaning |
| --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 马 | 馬 | mǎ | horse |
| 鸟 | 鳥 | niǎo | bird |
| 鸡 | 雞 | jī | chicken |
| 华 | 華 | huá | magnificent / China |
| 国 | 國 | guó | country / nation / state / kingdom |
| 听 | 聽 | tīng | listen / hear |
| 强 | 強 | qiáng | strong |
| 无 | 無 | wǔ | nothing |
| 面 | 麵 | miàn | noodles |
| 话 | 話 | huà | speak / speech / talk |
| 银 | 銀 | yín | silver |
| 饮 | 飲 | yĭn | drink |
| 猫 | 貓 | māo | cat |
| 杀 | 殺 | shā | kill |
| 长 | 長 | cháng | long / length |
| 云 | 雲 | yún | cloud |

There are several ways to simplify characters.

* Write a character or one of its radicals in its cursive form. For example, 长 is a cursive form of 長, and 话, 银, 饮, and 狗 are cursive forms of 話, 銀, 飲, and 豿 in the same order.
* Replace a traditional character with an existing character for a word that has the same pronunciation.For example, the character 面 was and still is a traditional character that means "face" or "side", but it is now also the simplified version "noodles", since both words have the same pronunciation, *miàn*, and has replaced the traditional character 麵.
* Replace a radical in the character using another radical with a similar or the same pronunciation. For example, the top part of 華, pronounced *huá*, is replaced with 化, pronounced *huà*, making the simplified character 华.
* Remove a radical from the traditional character. For example, the simplified character 杀 completely removes the right half of the traditional character 殺.
* Use an ancient variant of the character that a traditional character replaced. For example, the simplified character 云 replaced the traditional character 雲, which had also replaced the simplified character 云 before the 1956 simplification.