Rikunarita-ORG/Wikinium huggingface dataset:
# Districts of Germany

**German districts** (German: *Kreise*) are

administrative units used in Germany for local government.

The districts are in between the *Länder* (German states) and the local / municipal levels (*Gemeinden*). They are not to be confused with the larger *Regierungsbezirk*.

Their equivalent in other nations is the county or arrondissement.

## Types of districts

Most of the districts are rural districts (*Landkreise*). There are 295 *Landkreise*.

Cities with more than 100,000 inhabitants (and smaller towns in some states) are not usually part of a district, but do the work of a district themselves. These are known as urban districts (*Kreisfreie Städte* or *Stadtkreise*) The equivalent in the United Kingdom is a unitary authority, they do the work of a town and a county. There are 107 of these Kreisfreie Städte.

This makes a total of 402 districts.

In North Rhine-Westphalia, there are some cities with more than 100,000 inhabitants which are not urban districts, for example Iserlohn, Recklinghausen, Siegen, Paderborn, Bergisch Gladbach, Witten and Neuss. These cities belong to a district, but still do so the districts jobs themselves, as though they were independent.

## Responsibilities

The districts are responsible for the following:

* according to federal and regional laws:
	+ the building and upkeep of B roads
	+ other building plans which cover more than one local authority's area
	+ caring for national parks
	+ social welfare
	+ youth welfare
	+ the building and upkeep of hospitals
	+ the building and upkeep of state institutes of secondary education
	+ household waste collection and disposal
	+ car registration
	+ electing the *Landrat* or *Landrätin*, the chairperson of the district

* according to local laws: (differ in each region)
	+ financial support for culture
	+ the building of pedestrian zones and bicycle lanes
	+ financial support for school exchanges
	+ the building and upkeep of public libraries
	+ revitalisation of the economy
	+ encouraging tourism
	+ the management of *Volkshochschulen* (state run adult education colleges)

All these tasks are carried out by local (municipal) authorities operating together. Urban districts have these responsibilities and also those of the municipalities.

## District council

The district council, the *Kreistag*, is the legislative body of the district and is responsible for local self-administration. The parliament is elected every five years, except in Bavaria where it is elected every six years.

## District administration

The person in charge of the district's government is the *Landrat* or *Landrätin*. In parts of northern Germany, this is also the name of the district administration, in southern Germany it is known as *Kreisverwaltung*.

## Related pages

* List of German districts
* List of German urban districts
* List of German rural districts
# Languages of the European Union

The European Union has 24 official and working languages, designed to support multilingualism and ensure all citizens can communicate with EU institutions in their native tongues.

The 24 official languages are:

* Bulgarian
* Croatian
* Czech
* Danish
* Dutch
* English
* Estonian
* Finnish
* French
* German
* Greek
* Hungarian
* Latvian
* Lithuanian
* Maltese
* Polish
* Portuguese
* Romanian
* Slovak
* Slovenian
* Spanish
* Swedish
# New International Encyclopedia

First edition
The New International Encyclopedia is an encyclopedia first published in 1902. The last edition was in 1935.

## History

The *New International Encyclopedia* was an update of The *International Cyclopaedia*, which was last published in 1884. In turn, the *International Cyclopaedia* was largely a copy of Alden's *Library of Universal Knowledge*. That in its turn was a reprint of *Chambers's Encyclopaedia*. The original 1902 edition was edited by Harry Thurston Peck, Daniel Colt Gilman, and Frank Moore Colby.

The encyclopedia was printed in 1904, 1905, 1907, 1909, and 1911. Then a second edition was made from 1914 to 1917. By that time Peck and Gilman had died, so Talcott Williams helped edit. A 3rd edition was made in 1923, and more subjects were added to it in 1927 and 1930. A final edition was made in 1935.

Some of the last edition became part of *Funk & Wagnalls* *Standard Encyclopaedia*.

## Other websites

* Works related to *The New International Encyclopedia* at Wikisource
# Prime Minister of Norway

| Prime Minister of Norway
 Norges statsminister (Norwegian Bokmål) Noregs statsminister (Norwegian Nynorsk) |
| --- |
| Coat of arms of Norway |
| **Incumbent Jonas Gahr Støre** since 14 October 2021 |
| Residence | Inkognitogata 18 |
| Seat | Office of the Prime Minister at: Regjeringskvartalet (formerly) Akershus Fortress (temporary)
Oslo, Norway |
| Appointer | The monarch |
| Term length | No term limits. General elections are held every four years. The prime minister is by convention the leader of the party with majority support in parliament. |
| Inaugural holder | Frederik Stang (generally regarded as the first incumbent) |
| Formation | 1873 |
| Salary | 1,856,000 NOK |
| Website | Government official homepage |

The **prime minister of Norway** (Norwegian: *statsminister*, literally the "minister of the state") is the head of the government of Norway and the most powerful person in Norwegian politics.

The prime minister and Cabinet is almost always the leader of the majority party in the Storting, or the leader of the senior partner in the governing coalition.

Norway has a Constitution, which was adopted on 17 May 1814. The position of prime minister is the result of legislation.

The current prime minister of Norway is Jonas Gahr Støre, of the Labour Party since October 2021.

## Living former prime ministers

* Gro Harlem Brundtland
born  (1939-04-20) 20 April 1939
served 1981, 1986–1989 and 1990–1996
* Kjell Magne Bondevik
born  (1947-09-03) 3 September 1947
served 1997–2000 and 2001–2005
* Thorbjørn Jagland
born  (1950-11-05) 5 November 1950
served 1996–1997
* Jens Stoltenberg
born  (1959-03-16) 16 March 1959
served 2000–2001 and 2005–2013
* Erna Solberg
born  (1961-02-24) 24 February 1961
served 2013–2021

## Other websites

* Government Official Homepage
# Vigesimal

**Vigesimal** (also known as *base 20*) is a numeral system that uses 10 numbers and 10 letters (20 digits) : 0, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, A, B, C, D, E, F, G, H, I, J and sometimes K. Vigesimal is related to Kaktovik numerals system, because they both use base 20. Sometimes, they do not use I because I looks like a 1. Examples are 3F is 75 (3 x 20 + 15 = 75) in decimal or 8H is 177 (8 x 20 + 17 = 177) in decimal. If you reach J or K, you put a 1 in front and 0 on everything else. Vigesimal is nearly double of decimal because 40 in vigesimal is 80 in decimal and this only works if the number is between 10-90 (only if they end with 0).

## Numbers from Vigesimal to Decimal

* Left is Vigesimal, Right is Decimal
* Also the letter I is in here

0 = 0

1 = 1

2 = 2

3 = 3

4 = 4

5 = 5

6 = 6

7 = 7

8 = 8

9 = 9

A = 10

B = 11

C = 12

D = 13

E = 14

F = 15

G = 16

H = 17

I = 18

J = 19

10 = 20

## Arithmetic signs

In vigesimal, they may use arithmetic signs to add, subtract, multiply or divide.

### Addition

For addition, if you want to add 2 vigesimal numbers you do like this:

45 + 8C = CH (Vigesimal)

85 + 172 = 257 (Decimal)

### Subtraction

For subtraction, if you want to subtract 2 vigesimal numbers you do like this:

DH - 8B = 56 (Vigesimal)

277 - 171 = 106 (Decimal)

### Multiplication

And for short multiplication, if you want to multiply 2 vigesimal numbers you do like this:

1F x 6 = AA (Vigesimal)

35 x 6 = 210 (Decimal)

For long multiplication, you do like this:

5A2 x C7 = 37,JEE (Vigesimal)

2,202 x 247 = 543,894 (Decimal)

### Division

And for short division, if you want to divide 2 vigesimal numbers you do like this:

5A / 12 = 5 (Vigesimal)

110 / 22 = 5 (Decimal)

For long division, you do like this:

6BG / 1CJ = 4 (Vigesimal)

2636 / 659 = 4 (Decimal)

## Related pages

* Decimal (Base 10)
* Maya numerals (A counting system uses Base 20)
# Danish krone

Two kroner coins from 1912
The **Danish krone** is the money used in Denmark and Greenland. 100 *øre* are 1 *krone*. It first became the national currency in 1873 when it replaced the "rigsdaler". Krone is the Danish word for crown. The plural of krone is kroner.

## Other websites

* Banknotes of Denmark
# Oslo

| Oslo |
| --- |
| City |
|  |
| FlagCoat of arms |
| Area |
|  • City | 480 km2 (190 sq mi) |
|  • Land | 454.20 km2 (175.37 sq mi) |
|  • Water | 26.64 km2 (10.29 sq mi) |
| Population (August 2023) |
|  • City | 709,037 |
|  • Urban | 1,064,235 |
|  • Metro | 1,588,457 |
| Time zone | UTC+1 (CET) |
|  • Summer (DST) | UTC+2 (CEST) |

**Oslo** is the capital city of Norway. It is Norway's largest city, with a population of 709,037 people in 2023. The area near the city has a total population of 1,588,457. The city government of Oslo and the county are the same thing.

## Oslo today

The city is a big place for economy and culture. A lot of important institutions are in Oslo. Some of these are the Norwegian government and parliament, the University of Oslo and Ullevål Stadion, which is the stadium of Norway's soccer team. The city also has many museums, theaters and concert venues. Some good cultural places are Frogner Park, the Oslo Opera House, the National Museum and the National Theatre. Travelling inside the city is easy with public transportation. Using tram, subway and bus is easy.

Oslo is a very expensive city, with high prices in bars and restaurants, as well as high prices for houses and apartments.

Oslo has a humid continental climate (*Dfb* in the Koeppen climate classification).

## History

The Saga of Norwegian Kings (written by Snorre Sturlason) says that king Harald III Sigurdsson founded Oslo around 1048. Recent excavations have found Christian graves from before 1000. Because of these two facts, Oslo celebrated its 900-year anniversary in 1950 and its 1000-year anniversary in 2000.

One of the more famous landmarks in Oslo is Akershus Fortress. It was first built around 1290. Oslo was destroyed in fire in 1624, and the fortress was rebuilt closer to Akershus Fortress by the order of King Christian IV of Norway. The king gave the new city the name Christiania, which later also written as Kristiania. In 1925, the name of the city was changed back to Oslo.

## Related pages

* List of mayors in Norway that are elected until 2027
* Klemetsrud (former village)

## Other websites

* Oslo Kommune official website
# Randstad

Clickable schematic map of the Randstad.
The **Randstad** is a conurbation in the western Netherlands. It covers the provinces of North Holland, South Holland, Flevoland and Utrecht. Big cities in the Randstad are Amsterdam, Haarlem, Leiden, Den Haag, Delft, Rotterdam, Dordrecht, Gouda, Utrecht, Hilversum and Almere. The term Randstad was first used by Albert Plesman, the founder of KLM. When he looked at it from the air, he saw that cities nearly form a circle. The Randstad covers about 20% of the area of the Netherlands. More than 40% of the population of the Netherlands live there. The cities in the Randstad are between 26 kilometres (16 mi) (Den Haag - Rotterdam) and 77 kilometres (48 mi) (Amsterdam - Rotterdam) apart. In the center is an area known as Groene Hart. Relatively few people live there.
# Sranan Tongo

| Sranan Tongo |
| --- |
| Sranan Tongo |
| Message written in Sranan Tongo |
| Native to | Suriname |
| Native speakers | (130,000 cited 1993) |
| Language family | English Creole
* Atlantic
	+ Suriname
		- **Sranan Tongo**
 |
| Language codes |
| ISO 639-2 | `srn` |
| ISO 639-3 | `srn` |
| *Glottolog* | `sran1240` |
| Linguasphere | `52-ABB-aw` |

A man speaking in Sranan Tongo
**Sranan Tongo** (also known as **Sranantongo** and **Sranan**) is an English creole language spoken in Suriname.
# Italic languages

| Italic |
| --- |
| Geographic distribution | Originally the Italian peninsula, parts of today's Austria and Switzerland, today southern Europe, Latin America, Canada, and the official languages of half the countries of Africa. |
| Linguistic classification | Indo-European* Italo-Celtic ?
	+ **Italic**
 |
| Proto-language | Proto-Italic |
| Subdivisions | * Latino-Faliscan (including Romance)
* Osco-Umbrian (Sabellic)
* Venetic?
* Sicel?
* Lusitanian?
 |
| Language codes |
| ISO 639-5 | ``itc`` |
| Glottolog | ``ital1284`` |

The **Italic languages** are a branch of the Indo-European language family. They were first spoken in Italy, and their main language was Latin, which eventually turned into the Romance languages that are spoken today. The Roman Empire spread Latin to much of Western Europe. Today, the main Italic languages spoken are Spanish, French, Portuguese, Italian, and Romanian. There were other branches of Italic languages besides those that came from Latin, but all of them are now extinct.
# Sarmatians

Sarmatians depicted in the steppes of Ukraine (map of the Roman empire under Hadrian (ruled 117–138 AD)
The **Sarmatians** (/sɑːrˈmeɪʃiənz/; Latin: *Sarmatae, Sauromatae*) were groups of Iranic peoples that lived in a region called Sarmatia that is the present day Ukraine near the Black Sea shore. They were flourishing from 5th century BC to the 4-5th century AD.

## History

At their greatest development, near 1st century AD, Sarmatian tribes covered the territories from the Vistula to the Volga. Sarmatians started to battle with Roman Empire forces together with Germanic tribes around 1st century AD.

In the 3-5 century AD Sarmatians were conquered by Goths and later by Huns. Later on the Sarmatians were assimilated by Slavs of Eastern Europe.

## Related pages

* Scythians
# Conic section

Conics are of three types: parabolas, ellipse*s*, including circles, and hyperbolas
In geometry, when a cone and a plane intersect, a **conic section** results.

PreliminaryIn elementary geometry, cones are assumed to be **right circular**. *Circular* means that the base is a circle and *right* means that the axis passes through the centre of the base at right angles to its plane. Contrasted with right cones are oblique cones, in which the axis does not pass perpendicularly through the centre of the base.
DefinitionA conic is the curve got by intersecting a plane, called the cutting plane, with a cone. The cone is a right circular cone for easy description, but any double cone with some circular cross-section will do.
There are three different types of sections, the parabola, the hyperbola and the ellipse. The circle is a special case of an ellipse. Sometimes the circle is mentioned as a fourth type, because calculating with a circle is easier than with an ellipse, most of the time.

The conic sections are known at least since 200 BC, when Apollonius of Perga (~262 BC to ~190 BC) studied of their properties. They came to more attention when mathematicians discovered that the solutions of the two-body problem were conic sections.
# Presidency of George W. Bush

**George Walker Bush** served as the 43rd President of the United States from January 20, 2001 - January 20, 2009. He is a member of the Republican Party. He focused on education reform and fighting terrorism following the September 11th, 2001, terrorist attacks by the terrorist group Al Qaeda, led by Osama Bin Laden. In 2001, he declared war against al Queda and a country that supported al Queda, Afghanistan, led by the Taliban since 1996. In 2002, he controversially signed No Child Left Behind Act into law, which was ended in 2015 under President Barack Obama. In 2003, Bush ordered the military to invade Iraq on the false claims that Iraq had started making Weapons of Mass Destruction, which Iraq was banned from doing after the Gulf War from 1990-1991. In 2004, George W. Bush and his Vice President, Dick Cheney won reelection and was sworn in on January 20th, 2005. Later in 2005, a category 5 hurricane named Hurricane Katrina struck New Orleans, Louisiana, though it had slowed down to a slightly slower category 3. Bush's reaction and the Federal Emergency Management Agency's (FEMA) poor management of rescue efforts to save victims of the disaster was heavily criticized. In 2008, the housing bubble burst, and resulted in the 2008 Great Recession, a period between 2008-2009 where 10 million Americans lost their homes and 7% of Americans (8.7 million people) lost their jobs as a result of the economy crashing.
# Charged particle

A **charged particle**, also called an ion, is an atom with a positive or negative charge. This happens whenever something called an ionic bond forms. Two particles that have different numbers of electrons (the smallest particle in an atom which is negative) start reacting to each other. The particle that has the greater amount of electrons steals the other particle's electrons. One becomes positive because it lost an electron, and the other negative because it got another electron. The two particles become attracted to each other and mix together, making a new kind of particle.
# List of Kosmos satellites (2501–2750)

This is a list of *Kosmos* satellites from Russia. This list has satellites since the one that was launched in November 2014.

* Kosmos 2576 is the name of the satellite; Nivelir-L №4, is the type; Surveillance is what the satellite is used for. It was launched on May 16, 2024. It is in orbit (as of 2024).

* Kosmos 2575; Razbeg №2; Reconnaissance; launched in January 2024

* Kosmos 2574; Razbeg №1; Reconnaissance; It was launched on May 16, 2024; in orbit (as of 2024)

* Kosmos 2573; Bars-M 5L; Reconnaissance; launched in December 2023; in orbit (as of 2024)

* Other satellites were launched earlier.

* Kosmos 2502; Lotos-S1 No.1 (802); ELINT; in orbit - launched December 2014
* Kosmos 2501; GLONASS-K1 702K; Navigation is what the satellite is used for. It is in orbit (as of 2024); launched on November 30, 2014.
# Bill Clinton 1992 presidential campaign

| Clinton-Gore '92 |
| --- |
|  |
| Campaign | 1992 Democratic primaries 1992 U.S. presidential election |
| Candidate | **Bill Clinton** Governor of Arkansas (1979–1981, 1983–1992) **Al Gore** U.S. Senator from Tennessee (1985–1993) |
| Affiliation | Democratic Party |
| Status | Announced: October 3, 1991 Presumptive nominee: June 2, 1992 Official nominee: July 16, 1992 Won election: November 3, 1992 |
| Headquarters | Little Rock, Arkansas |
| Key people | David Wilhelm (Campaign manager) James Carville (Chief strategist) George Stephanopoulos (Senior strategist, Communications director & Spokesperson) Paul Begala (Senior strategist) Harold M. Ickes (Senior strategist) Rahm Emanuel (Finance director) Dee Dee Myers (Media strategist) Mandy Grunwald (Media strategist) Mickey Kantor (General counsel) Stan Greenberg (Pollster) |
| Slogan | *For people for change Putting People First It's the economy stupid!* |

The **1992 presidential campaign of Bill Clinton**, then Governor of Arkansas, was announced on October 3, 1991 in Little Rock, Arkansas.

After winning a majority of delegates in the Democratic primaries of 1992, the campaign announced that then-junior Senator from Tennessee, Al Gore, would be Clinton's running mate.

The Clinton-Gore ticket went on to defeat Republican incumbent President George H. W. Bush and Vice President Dan Quayle in the presidential election on November 3, 1992, and took office as the 42nd President and 45th Vice President on January 20, 1993.

## Other websites

* Bill Clinton announcement speech Archived 2020-11-08 at the Wayback Machine
* Bill Clinton acceptance speech
* *Booknotes* interview with P.F. Bentley on *Clinton: Portrait of Victory*, January 17, 1993.
# Tipper Gore

| Tipper Gore |
| --- |
| Gore in 2009 |
|  |
| Second Lady of the United States |
| **In role** January 20, 1993 – January 20, 2001 |
| Vice President | Al Gore |
| Preceded by | Marilyn Quayle |
| Succeeded by | Lynne Cheney |
|  |
| Personal details |
| Born |  (1948-08-19) August 19, 1948 Washington, D.C., U.S. |
| Political party | Democratic |
| Spouse(s) | Al Gore (1970–2010, separated) |
| Children | 4 |

**Mary "Tipper" Elizabeth Gore** (née **Aitcheson**; born August 19, 1948) is an American author, photographer, writer, and educator. She was the second lady of the United States from 1993 to 2001 as the wife of the 45th vice president of the United States, Al Gore.

## Early life and education

Mary Elizabeth Aitcheson was born on August 19, 1948 in Washington D.C. to John Aitcheson Jr. and Margaret Carlson Aitcheson. She later grew up in Arlington, Virginia and she was later raised by both her mother and grandmother after her parents divorced.

She attended schools and universities such as, St. Stephens and St. Agnes School, Garland Junior College, Boston University, Vanderbilt University, and George Peabody College. Aitcheson later pursued and graduated with both a Bachelor of Arts and Master of Arts.

## Marriage and family

Aitcheson met Al Gore at his senior prom in 1965 and they began dating afterwards. On May 19, 1970, they married at the Washington National Cathedral. They have four children named, Karenna, Kristin, Sarah, and Albert Gore lll.

## Second Lady of the United States (1993–2001)

Gore assumed the role and duties as the second lady of the United States on January 20, 1993 succeeding, Marilyn Quayle when her husband inaugurated as the 45th vice president of the United States. As second lady, Tipper served as the mental health policy advisor to the president. Her goals were to destroy the stigma surrounding mental illness and to bring awareness to the need for affordable mental health care. In 1999, she hosted the first White House conference on mental health. That same year, she launched the National Mental Health Awareness Campaign to encourage Americans to seek treatment for mental illness.

Along with her work in mental health, Gore was a part of several other initiatives during her time as second lady. Tipper visited a refugee camp and an orphanage in Zaire on a personal trip to provide aid in the aftermath of the Rwandan genocide. She stayed in a United Nations camp to assist doctors and aid workers and also made an official visit to Honduras in 1998 following Hurricane Mitch to volunteer, bring medical supplies, and to survive the damage.

Gore was actively involved in her presidential campaign in 2000, making her own campaign stops and media appearances. She also acted as an advisor and hired Tony Coelho as chairman in part of her husband's presidential campaign. Her husband lost and was defeated by George W. Bush in a close tie in the race, due to a Florida recount. Gore served as the second lady from 1993 until her husband's term ended in 2001.
# Circumference

Circumference of a circle
In geometry, circumference is the distance around a closed curve; for example, a circle. It is a special kind of perimeter. The length of the circumference of a circle is often written as WIKINIUM\_MATH\_PH\_0 , with:

 WIKINIUM\_MATH\_PH\_2
where *d* is the diameter of the circle.

## Related pages

* Radius
* Pi

## Other websites

* Numericana - Circumference of an ellipse
* Circumference of a circle With interactive applet and animation
# Memento mori

Memento mori (Latin for that is that 'remember that you [have to] die') is an artistic figure of speech. It is a reminder that nobody can avoid death. It has been written on many gravestones.
# Antarctic

The Antarctic Region.
The **Antarctic** is the area around the Earth's South Pole. Its opposite is the Arctic region which is around the North Pole. The Antarctic includes the continent of Antarctica and the ices, waters and islands in the Southern Ocean.