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# Kelvin

| Kelvin |
| --- |
| Unit system | SI base unit |
| Unit of | Temperature |
| Symbol | K  |
| Named after | William Thomson, 1st Baron Kelvin |

The **Kelvin scale** (symbol: K) is the SI unit of temperature. It is named in honour of the physicist William Thomson, the first Lord Kelvin (1824–1907).

## Definition

Lord Kelvin
The Kelvin scale is defined by a specific relationship between the pressure of a gas and the temperature. This says that "the pressure of the gas is directly proportional to the temperature in Kelvin". This means that Kelvin is an absolute temperature scale, and scientists use this scale more than any other.

The kelvin is a base SI unit of measurement, since 2018 defined by setting the fixed numerical value of the Boltzmann constant *k* to 1.380649×10−23 J⋅K−1.

The temperature of the triple point of water is a hundredth of a degree Celsius above the freezing point, or 0.01 °C. The coldest possible temperature is called absolute zero and is equal to -273.15 degrees Celsius, or zero kelvin (0 K). By writing temperatures in kelvins one does not need to use negative numbers.

The absolute temperature scale was designed so that a change in temperature of 1 kelvin is equal to a change of 1 degree Celsius. This means that it is easy to convert a temperature from degrees Celsius to kelvin.

* To change a temperature in degrees Celsius into Kelvins you must add 273.15 units. For example, 0 degrees Celsius (0 °C), which is the temperature at which water freezes, is 273.15 kelvins (273.15 K).
* To change a temperature in Kelvins into degrees Celsius you must subtract 273.15 units. For example, 310 kelvins is 36.85 degrees Celsius, which is roughly the normal temperature of a human body.

It is important to notice that the name of this unit is simply *kelvin* (with a lowercase initial), not "degree Kelvin". In English, it undergoes normal plural inflection as *kelvins*. For example, the boiling point of liquid nitrogen is 77 kelvins.

In everyday use, the kelvin is most commonly used to measure very low or very high temperatures, such as the temperature of liquid nitrogen or the temperature of a light bulb filament.

The rankine (or degree Rankine) is a related absolute temperature scale, but based on the degree Fahrenheit rather than the degree Celsius.

## Related pages

* Temperature
* Celsius
# Time domain

Graph displayed in time domain
**Time domain** is the display of mathematical graph with respect to time. The time can be in the form of discrete time (for digital signal) or in continuous time (for analogue signal). A Fourier transform may convert time domain graph into a frequency domain graph.
# Newton (unit)

The **newton** (symbol: **N**) is the SI unit of force. It is named after Sir Isaac Newton because of his work on classical mechanics. A *newton* is how much force is required to make a mass of one kilogram accelerate at a rate of one metre per second squared.

 WIKINIUM\_MATH\_PH\_0
* 1 N is the force of Earth's gravity on a mass of about 102 g.
* On the Earth's surface, a mass of 1 kg pushes on its support with an average force of 9.8 N.
* 1 Newton is equal to the amount of force required to accelerate an object (with a mass of one kilogram) at a rate of 1 meter per second, per second.
* The US Customary Unit of force is the **pound** (symbol: **lbf**). 1 pound is equal to 4.44822 newtons.

In 1946, Conférence Générale des Poids et Mesures (CGPM) set the unit of force in the MKS system of units to be the amount needed to accelerate 1 kilogram of mass at the rate of 1 metre per second each second. In 1948, the CGPM adopted the name "newton" for this force. The MKS system then became the blueprint for today's SI International System of Units. That made the newton the standard unit of force.

This SI unit is named after Isaac Newton. As with every International System of Units (SI) unit named for a person, the first letter of its symbol is upper case (N). However, when an SI unit is spelled out in English, it should always begin with a lower case letter (newton)—except in a situation where any word in that position would be capitalized, such as at the beginning of a sentence or in material using title case. Note that "degree Celsius" conforms to this rule because the "d" is lowercase.— Based on The International System of Units, section 5.2.

Newton's second law of motion states that F = m•a, where F is the force applied, m is the mass of the object receiving the force, and a is the acceleration of the object. The newton is therefore:[2]
# International Bureau of Weights and Measures

The International Bureau of Weights and Measures in Sèvres, France. The home of the international metric system.
The **International Bureau of Weights and Measures** is an organization that is based in Sèvres near Paris in France. Its name in French is "*Bureau international des poids et mesures*". The abbreviation of its name in all languages is **BIPM**. These are the letters of the name in French.

It was established in 1875 and has laboratories and offices. Scientists use the laboratories to compare measurements that are made in different countries. The offices are used for meetings where scientists discuss the best way to make sure that all countries use the same measurements.
# Pendulum

Simple pendulum
A **pendulum** is a mass (any object usually metal) on an arm. The arm is attached to a *pivot*, which is a point to swing from. The mass will naturally hang down because of gravity, but if it is pushed to one side it will *oscillate*, which means that it will swing from side to side. The frequency of the swinging pendulum stays the same.

We can work out the time taken for one full oscillation (for example, swinging from left to right and back to left). We shall call this time WIKINIUM\_MATH\_PH\_0 the period. If the pendulum length is WIKINIUM\_MATH\_PH\_2 , and the acceleration due to gravity is WIKINIUM\_MATH\_PH\_4 , then:

 WIKINIUM\_MATH\_PH\_6

where π (a Greek letter pronounced 'pi') is a mathematical constant. This equation gives a good approximation for the period when the mass does not swing far from the middle. The period of a pendulum does not depend on the mass of the object.

The mechanical energy of a pendulum is constant and is the sum of the kinetic energy and gravitational potential energy.

The regular motion of the pendulum can be used for timekeeping, and pendulums are used to regulate pendulum clocks.

## Related pages

* Foucault pendulum
* Pendulum clock
# Horror movie

A scene from "King Kong Vs Godzilla"
A **horror movie** is a movie made to scare the viewer. The main stories of horror movies often involve supernatural forces or characters of evil origin. Horror movies are often confused with thrillers, which are similar.

Popular horror movie characters usually include monsters. Early horror movies often took ideas from classic literature, such as *The Mummy*, *Dracula* and *The Wolf Man*.

## Slasher movies

Slasher movies are a subgenre of horror movies. They are often also a type of thriller movie. Slasher movies normally have a psychopathic killer killing a sequence of people. This is usually in a very violent way. The genre may have been inspired by *giallo*, a similar movie genre originating in Italy.

While movies made as early as 1932 had aspects of slasher movies in them, the genre was not really defined until the late 1970s. The 1974 movie *Black Christmas* is considered the first slasher movie.. *Halloween* (1978), *Friday the 13th* (1980) and *Scream* (1996) did very well at the box office and showed that slasher movies could make lots of money.

## Psychological horror movies

Psychological horror movies are a subgenre of traditional horror movies which focuses more on the mental instability of its characters than on graphic violence, serial killers or monsters, for example. Most of the time this genre deal with the character's phobias, psychological traumas, paranoia, and etc. The genre often overlaps with psychological thriller as well. *Dead Silence* (2007), *The Shining* and *The Babadook* (2014), are some examples of psychological horror movies.

## Comedy horror movies

Those are movies which blends horror and comic elements in its plot. Unlike common, traditional horror movies, in this movie genre, the viewer may be scared and laugh at the same time. Most of time, the type of humour used in these movies is black comedy.

Some examples includes *Zombieland* (2009), *The Raven* (1963), *Scary Movie* (2000), and *Shaun of the Dead* (2004).
# Case (grammar)

In grammar, **case** changes what a noun, adjective or pronoun does in a sentence. It is a set of forms which depend on the syntax (how the words go together). Case is an example of inflection, which is often an affix, a part of a word that is added to other words, that signals a grammatical relationship. Long ago, Old English used several cases, but Modern English does not normally use cases except for in pronouns.

## History of case

In Latin, nouns pack several ideas into one word:

* Gender: nouns must be masculine (*Latin*: ends in -us), feminine (ends in -a) or neutral (ends in -um). Also, adjectives must agree with the nouns by changing their endings. English is one of the few European languages that does not usually have gender for nouns.
* Case: nominative (*subject*), vocative (*direct speech),* accusative (*object*), genitive (*of* the noun), dative (*to* or *for* the noun), ablative (*by, with*, or *from* the noun).
	+ The locative (*at* the noun) is a rare case form for some specific nouns.

In many languages like Latin, German, Russian, Korean and Japanese, a noun's case changes the end of a word depending on the noun's role in the sentence. Nouns change their endings to show that they are doing something, something is done to them, they just happen to be there during the action, or they own something.

Therefore, word order in those languages is less important than in English in which word order often affects a sentence's meaning.

## Modern English

In Modern English, case is not used much. Instead, word order and auxiliary verbs (helpers) are more important.

"The most important grammatical development [in English] was the establishment of a fixed pattern of word-order to express the relationship between clause elements".p44
English has these cases for nouns and pronouns: *common case* and *genitive* (possessive).p202 Each may take a plural:

* Nouns: *Girl*; *girls*; *girl's*; *girls'*. The last three cannot be distinguished in speech except by the context.
* Pronouns: *This is **your** hat*; *this hat is **yours. A few pronouns have three cases and four forms: I (subject), me (object), my (genitive before noun), mine (independent genitive).

English adjectives are unchanged: *red hat*, *red hats*.
# The Big Heat

The Big Heat is a 1953 American crime movie directed by Fritz Lang and was based on the novel of the same name by William P. McGivern. It stars Glenn Ford, Gloria Grahame, Jocelyn Brando, Alexander Scourby, Lee Marvin, Jeanette Nolan, Peter Whitney and was distributed by Columbia Pictures.

## Other websites

* *The Big Heat* on IMDb
* *The Big Heat* at the TCM Movie Database
* *The Big Heat* at AllMovie
# Dirty Harry

| Dirty Harry |
| --- |
| Directed by | Don Siegel |
| Screenplay by | Harry Julian Fink R.M. Fink Dean Riesner **Uncredited:** John Milius Terrence Malick |
| Story by | Harry Julian Fink R.M. Fink |
| Produced by | Don Siegel Robert Daley (executive) |
| Starring | Clint Eastwood Andy Robinson Harry Guardino Reni Santoni John Vernon |
| Cinematography | Bruce Surtees |
| Edited by | Carl Pingitore |
| Music by | Lalo Schifrin |
| Production company | Malpaso Productions |
| Distributed by | Warner Bros. |
| Release date | * December 23, 1971 (1971-12-23)
 |
| Running time | 102 minutes |
| Country | United States |
| Language | English  |
| Budget | $4 million |
| Box office | $35,976,000 |

Dirty Harry is a 1971 American crime thriller movie. It was produced and directed by Don Siegel. It was the first in the Dirty Harry series. Clint Eastwood plays the main role. Eastwood acts as a San Francisco Police Department Inspector "Dirty" Harry Callaghan, trying to catch a serial killer. The character is based on real life cop Dave Toschi hunting for the Zodiac Killer.

Dirty Harry was followed by four sequels: *Magnum Force* in 1973, *The Enforcer* in 1976, *Sudden Impact* in 1983 (directed by Eastwood), and *The Dead Pool* in 1988.

## Other websites

* Official website
* *Dirty Harry* on IMDb
* *Dirty Harry* at AllMovie
* *Dirty Harry* at Rotten Tomatoes
* *Dirty Harry* at Box Office Mojo
# Mockumentary

A **mockumentary** is a movie that pretends to be a documentary. It pretends to tell a true story, but is really a work of fiction. The word is a combination (a portmanteau word) of "mock" (meaning fake or false) and "documentary".

## Other websites

* Websters Dictionary definition
* Lists of Mockumentary Archived 2013-03-06 at the Wayback Machine at UC Berkeley Mockumentary Collection
* Mockumentary - Reflexivity, satire and a call to play Archived 2013-03-04 at the Wayback Machine
# Psychological horror

A **psychological horror** is a type of horror and psychological fiction used in movies, games, and books. It is used to make the viewer unsettled and uncomfortable. This type of horror is close to psychological thriller, because they both have mysteries most of the time and have unreliable or disturbed characters to make the drama and action bigger, so they can make the story less happy and sadder.

Roman Polanski made bright examples of this genre - Repulsion and Rosemary's Baby.

Japanese and Korean horror stories are also famous for using psychological horror to scare people.

## In video games

In video games psychological horror is a subgenre of horror games. Such famous franchises as Silent Hill, Fatal Frame, Amnesia, Outlast, Phantasmagoria, and Doom used psychological horror elements.
# Slice of life

**Slice of life** is a type of story that shows everyday, normal life. In books and movies, it is a way of telling a story that shows a series of events in a character's life. These stories often do not have a clear beginning or end, and they usually do not have a big problem that gets solved. Instead, the problems in slice of life stories are small things that happen to everyone. The characters in a slice of life setting are often ordinary people, such as students or workers.
# Outlaw biker movie

**Outlaw biker movie** is a movie genre. Such movies are about motorcycle riding rebels. The characters are typically members of an outlaw motorcycle club. The first such movie was *The Wild One* (1954). Marlon Brando and Lee Marvin starred in this movie as rival biker gang leaders. Harvey Lembeck parodied Brando in the AIP "beach party" movies of the early 1960s starring Annette Funicello and Frankie Avalon.

Biker movies were aimed at teenage audiences and the drive-in crowd. The genre took off in the 1960s when the real world Hells Angels received much media attention. Hollywood cranked out dozens of low-budget exploitation outlaw biker movies during this decade. Novelty movies of the genre featured all-female gangs, horror and zombie crossovers, and one featured a gay gang. The biker outlaw genre played itself out in the 1970s.
# Italian neorealism

**Italian neorealism** describes a movement in Italian cinema. Films such as Rome, Open City and Bicycle Thieves, from the 1940s, were filmed in the streets rather than a studio and told stories about poor people living difficult lives. Among neorealists are Michelangelo Antonioni and Federico Fellini.

## Related pages

* Criterion article
# Seinen manga

**Seinen manga** are Japanese comics for young men. There are also seinen anime. Much the same way that shônen is meant for boys up to about high school age, seinen is meant for men older than high school age. It’s basically the next male demographic.

Seinen manga and anime have a very wide range of stories. Seinen can be almost anything that’s intended for men over 18 years of age. Action, comedy, drama and even hentai can all be called seinen.
# Movie serial

Tarzan was a movie serial hero.
A **movie serial** is a movie broken into a several segments called "chapters" or "episodes". The segments are short. In the past, movie serials were originally shown in theaters with cartoons, newreels, and two movies. Each chapter was shown at the same theater for one week. A chapter ended with a cliffhanger, in which the hero or heroine was left in a dangerous situation. Viewers had to return each week to see the cliffhanger resolved and to follow the continuing story. Movie serials were popular with children. Heroes included Flash Gordon, Buck Rogers, Tarzan, Dick Tracy, and others.
# Television program

Actors Larry Hagman and Barbara Eden in the television series "I Dream of Jeannie" in 1965.
A **TV program** (British spelling: **programme)** also known as a **TV show** or a **TV series**, is something that people watch on television. Several different kinds are made:

* A series of fictional programs with the same title and characters (a television series). Each television series is made as a series of programs. These individual programs are called *episodes*. Most series have between 12 and 24 episodes in each season. Some with fewer are called miniseries.
* A single show (episode) from a television series.
* An ongoing series of non-fiction shows that use the same title, for example: local and network news shows.
* A single program, for example a sporting event or an awards ceremony such as the Academy Awards.

Television broadcasting presents many different television programs, one after another. In between television programs, a channel may use an announcer to tell the audience what the next program will be. On many channels in many countries, advertisements are shown for short periods of time during and between program screenings. These advertisements are not a part of the television program.

## Other websites

 Media related to Television programmes at Wikimedia Commons
# Mad Max (movie)

Mad Max is a 1979 Australian action movie directed by George Miller. It is the first role of Mel Gibson.

*Mad Max* tells a story about life in an apocalyptic world. There have been sequels.

## Other websites

* *Mad Max* on IMDb
* *Mad Max* at Letterboxd
* Mad Max wallpapers
# Thirst (2009 movie)

| Thirst |
| --- |
| Directed by | Park Chan-wook |
| Written by | Park Chan-wook Seo-Gyeong Jeong |
| Produced by | Park Chan-wook |
| Starring | Song Kang-ho Kim Ok-bin Shin Ha-kyun |
| Cinematography | Jeong Jeong-hun |
| Distributed by | CJ Entertainment |
| Release dates | **South Korea** April 30, 2009 **US** July 31, 2009 (limited) |
| Running time | 133 minutes |
| Country | South Korea |
| Language | Korean  |
| Budget | $5,000,000 |

Thirst is a 2009 horror/drama movie. It was written and directed by Park Chan-wook. It tells the story of a priest who is in love with his friend's wife turning into a vampire through a failed medical experiment. Park said, “this film was originally called *The Bat* to convey a sense of horror."

## Plot

Sang-hyun, a priest, is helping in a program for developing vaccines, which takes place in a hospital in an another country. He died during the experiments after becoming infected with a virus. However, after receiving an unidentified blood transfusion, he came back to life. However, the blood changed him into Vampire.

After this, many people became his followers, because they believed that he could perform miracles. Sang-hyun feels irresistible desire for Tae-ju, the wife of his friend and follow. Tae-ju also becomes attracted to Sang-hyun. Falling in love with Tae-ju, Sang-hyun abandons his life as a priest, falls into the world of Tae-ju.

The more they love, the more they are at risk. After finding out that Sang-hyun is a Vampire, Tae-ju tries to avoid him. However, eventually she asks Sang-hyun to kill her husband, Kang-woo. Sang-hyun tries to avoid killing Kang-woo, but eventually decides to kill him for Tae-ju and accepts her proposal.

## Cast

* Song Kang-ho ... Sang-hyun
* Kim Ok-bin ... Tae-ju
* Shin Ha-kyun ... Kang-woo
* Kim Hae-sook ... Tae-ju's mother-in-law

## Other websites

* *Thirst* on IMDb
* *Thirst* at Bloody Disgusting Archived 2012-02-24 at the Wayback Machine
# Humidity

**Humidity** means water vapor in the air, but excludes liquid droplets in fog, clouds, or rain. Deserts usually have low humidity, and tropical regions have high humidity. The word "humid" often means that the humidity is high, which gives the feeling of being very damp (wet air), stuffy, or even sweltering when the temperature is also high. When the humidity is low, the air can be said to be "not humid" or "dry."

Higher humidity reduces the effectiveness of sweating in cooling the body by reducing the rate of evaporation of moisture from the skin.

The term "relative humidity" is used to note the amount of humidity as a percent, from 0-100%. Meteorologists use hygrometers to measure the humidity in the air.

Humidity affects the rate of evaporation. With a higher humidity, a substance's rate of evaporation is less.

## Related pages

* Dew point
* Relative humidity
# Batter (cooking)

batter
**Batter** is thin dough that can be easily poured into a pan. Batter is used mainly for pancakes, light cakes and the coating for some fried foods.

The word *batter* comes from a French word *battre*. *Battre* means beat. Many batters require vigorous beating or whisking in their preparation.

A number of batters are made by combining dry flour with liquids, like eggs, milk and water. Often, a leavening agent such as baking powder is included to fluff up the batter while it cooks. The mixture may be naturally fermented for this actual purpose, as well as to add flavor.

The viscosity of batter may be from very 'heavy" to "thin". Heat is applied to the batter, often by frying, baking or steaming in order to cook the ingredients and to "set" the batter in a solid form.

## Beer batter

Beer is a popular ingredient in batters used to coat food before frying. One reason is that a basic batter can be made from flour, beer and some salt. The purpose of using beer is so the bubbles in the beer will add lightness and body to the batter.

The practice of beer battering is popular in several countries, including the United States, Iceland, Germany and Australia.
# 2010 Asian Games

|  |
| --- |
| ← Doha 2006Incheon 2014 → |

The **2010 Asian Games** was a many-sport event held in Guangzhou, China from November 12 to November 27, 2010. This was the second time that any Chinese city had hosted the Games, after Beijing in 1990. A total of 9,704 athletes from 45 National Olympic Committees (NOCs) competed in 476 events from 42 sports and disciplines, making it the biggest event in the history of Asian Games.
# Supporting actor

A **supporting actor** or **supporting actress** is an actor who performs a role in a theatre play or movie below that of the leading actor(s), and above that of a bit part.

Supporting actors are often important to the plot as a best friend, lover, sidekick (such as Robin in the Batman series), or antagonist (such as the villain). They are sometimes, but not necessarily, character roles.

In television series, the term **day player** is used to refer to actors with supporting roles, who may appear short-term or long-term.

In recognition of the important nature of this work, the theatre and movie industries give separate awards to the best supporting actors and actresses (for example: Academy Award for Best Supporting Actor and Academy Award for Best Supporting Actress).

## Related pages

* Title role
* Leading actor
* Character actor
* Bit part
* Extra (acting)