Rikunarita-ORG/Wikinium huggingface dataset:
# 2015 in movies

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|  | List of years in film |  |

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| * … 2005
* 2006
* 2007
* 2008
* 2009
* 2010
* 2011
* 2012
* 2013
* 2014
* **2015 2016
* 2017
* 2018
* 2019
* 2020
* 2021
* 2022
* 2023
* 2024
* 2025 …
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| In radio
2012
2013
2014
2015
2016
2017
2018
In television
2012
2013
2014
2015
2016
2017
2018
In music
2012
2013
2014
2015
2016
2017
2018 |
| * Art
* Archaeology
* Architecture
* Literature
* Music
* Philosophy
* Science *+...*
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**2015 in film** is a overview of events, including the highest-grossing films, award ceremonies, festivals, and a list of films released and notable deaths.

## Highest-grossing films

The top films released in 2015 by worldwide gross are as follows

Highest-grossing films of 2015| Rank | Title | Distributor | Worldwide gross |
| --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | *Star Wars: The Force Awakens* | Disney | $2,068,223,624 |
| 2 | *Jurassic World* | Universal | $1,670,400,637 |
| 3 | *Furious 7* | $1,516,045,911 |
| 4 | *Avengers: Age of Ultron* | Disney | $1,045,413,868 |
| 5 | *Minions* | Universal | $1,159,398,397 |
| 6 | *Spectre* | Sony Pictures | $880,674,609 |
| 7 | *Inside Out* | Disney | $857,611,714 |
| 8 | *Mission: Impossible – Rogue Nation* | Paramount | $682,714,267 |
| 9 | *The Hunger Games: Mockingjay – Part 2* | Lionsgate | $653,428,261 |
| 10 | *The Martian* | Fox | $630,161,890 |
# Hangul

**Hangeul** (Korean: 한글) is the alphabet (or alphabetic syllabary) used for the Korean language. It was created by Sejong the Great, the 4th King of the Joseon Dynasty in 1443. It is still being used now. When Hangeul was spreading, King Sejong published *Hunminjeong'eum Haeryebon* (훈민정음 해례본). It was chosen as the 'Memory of the World' by UNESCO in 1997.

In this book, the design ideas of Hangeul and information about its use were written down in detail. The book *Hunminjeong'eum Haeryebon* states the two design ideas of Hangeul. The first one is that the consonants of Hangeul look like vocal organs. The second one is that the vowels of Hangeul are based on Cheonji'in (천지인). Cheonji'in refers to the three elements of philosophy which are sky (천), earth (지) and human (인). Because of these ideas, Hangeul is well known for being easy to learn.

Although it was only used by the lower classes at first, Hangeul became the official writing script of Korea in the late 19th century. Today it is the most used writing system of both North Korea and South Korea. North Korea abolished the use of Hanja, and today North Koreans write only in Hangeul. In South Korea, people write mostly in Hangeul, but sometimes Hanja is still used.

## Vowels

There are 21 letters for vowels in Hangul.

* 10 simple ones, ㅏㅓㅣㅑㅕ  and ㅗㅜㅡㅛㅠ.
* 11 more complicated combinations: ㅐㅒㅔㅖ and ㅘㅙㅚㅝㅞㅟㅢ.

The vowels are transliterated into the Roman alphabet as follows:

|  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| ㅏ | ㅓ | ㅣ | ㅑ | ㅕ | ㅗ | ㅜ | ㅡ | ㅛ | ㅠ | ㅐ | ㅒ | ㅔ | ㅖ | ㅘ | ㅙ | ㅚ | ㅝ | ㅞ | ㅟ | ㅢ |
| a | eo | i | ya | yeo | o | u | eu | yo | yu | ae | yae | e | ye | wa | wae | oe | wo | we | wi | eui |

Those with two small lines are pronounced with an extra "y" first.

## Consonants

There are 14 simple consonants: ㄱㄴㄷㄹㅁㅂㅅㅇㅈㅊㅋㅌㅍㅎ. Some of them can also be written next to each other at the end of syllables.

Transliteration:

| letter | sound |
| --- | --- |
| before vowel | after vowel |
| ㄱ | g | k |
| ㄴ | n |
| ㄷ | d | t |
| ㄹ | r | l |
| ㅁ | m |
| ㅂ | b | p |
| ㅅ | s | t |
| ㅇ | - | ng |
| ㅈ | j | t |
| ㅊ | ch | t |
| ㅋ | k |
| ㅌ | t |
| ㅍ | p |
| ㅎ | h | t |
| ㄲ | kk | k |
| ㄸ | tt | t |
| ㅃ | pp | p |
| ㅆ | ss | t |
| ㅉ | jj | t |

The consonants the Korean language uses written in Latin letters are:
B, D, G, H, J, K, L, M, N, P, R, S, T, W, Y.

## Blocks

The consonants and vowels are combined into blocks of syllables. A syllable means one vowel and a few consonants, like "han" and "geul".

The blocks look like these examples: 서울 한글 평양

## Examples

The word *Hangeul* (한글) written in Hangul

|  |  |  |  |  |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| Seoul 서울 |   | Hangeul 한글 |   | Pyongyang 평양 |
| ㅅ | ㅓ | ㅇ | ㅜ | ㄹ |  | ㅎ | ㅏ | ㄴ | ㄱ | ㅡ | ㄹ |  | ㅍ | ㅕ | ㅇ | ㅇ | ㅑ | ㅇ |
| s | eo | - | u | l |  | h | a | n | g | eu | l |  | p | yeo | ng | - | ya | ng |

## Other websites

* Media related to Hangul at Wikimedia Commons
# Kidnapping

The abduction of Dinah, (watercolor circa 1896–1902 by James Tissot)
**Kidnapping** is an illegal act of stealing people. It has been around for a long time. For example, there were slave traders in Ancient Rome who kidnapped people and sold them as slaves. If a parent steals a child without the other parent's consent it is known as parental abduction. Sometimes, kidnapping is done for ransom. Many times, people kidnap children, an example is Amber Hagerman.

## Related pages

* Abduction
* Hostage
* Stockholm syndrome
# Daejeon

Flag
**Daejeon** (Korean: 대전) is a city in South Korea It is in the middle of the southern Korean peninsula. *Daejeon* means "a grand field".

Its official name is “**Daejeon metropolitan city**”. The population in Daejeon is around 1,480,000 people. There are 5 districts (Korean: 구, *Gu*) in the city.

Daejeon started as a small village called **Hanbat**. Daejeon started to grow into a large city during the Japanese occupation period. Because Geungbu railroad the Honam railroad was opened in 1914. In 1949, Daejeon was no longer a part of Chungcheong province. It became an independent metropolitan city. It has the same role as a province.

Today, the city is important as a local self-governing city in Korea. As the population of the city grew, the first subway station in Daejeon was opened in 2006. The formal president Noh Mu Hyun once planned to move some of the public administration buildings in Seoul to Daejeon.

Daejeon is seen as a city of science and technology. It has Daedeock science research town, National Science Museum. It was built to support scientists and researchers in Daejeon. In 1993, the city held the Daejeon Expo Festival.

Daejeon attractions include the O-world, the Expo Science Park, Hanbat Arboretum, Roots Park, Gyejoksan Hwangtogil , Daecheong, Jangtaesan recreational forest, Mountain pass around Daejeon, Daejeon Culture and Arts Center, Dongchundang, Euneungjeonge Culture Street, Famous people from Daejeon are Park Se Ri, a world famous golfer, and celebrities such as Kwon Sang Woo and Park Hae Mi.
# Fortune-telling

*A fortune-teller reading the palm of a man*, painting by Jan Cossiers
**Fortune-telling** is the practice of predicting information about a person's life. It is in principle identical with the practice of divination. The difference is that divination is the term used for predictions considered part of a religious ritual, invoking deities or spirits, while the term fortune-telling implies a less serious or informal setting.

## Other websites

 Media related to Fortune-telling at Wikimedia Commons

神戸の占い師・占い館 -  Archived 2024-09-19 at the Wayback Machine
# Detective

A **detective** is a person who figures out who committed a crime. Most detectives are police officers. Some are hired by a private person or company, for example to stop theft. Those are called private investigators. There are many stories about detectives. Some famous fictional (not real) detectives are Sherlock Holmes, Inspector Clouseau, Nancy Drew, The Hardy Boys.

Detectives will search public and private databases, investigate people and examine evidence in order to solve the case.

## Other websites

* Detective — Citizendium
# Wayback Machine

Logo of the Wayback Machine
**Wayback Machine** is a website that allows users to save URLs of websites into it and view different versions of those websites and how they looked like in the past. It is a time machine of the internet.

## History

The Internet Archive owners Brewster Kahle and Bruce Gilliat created the wayback machine in May 1996 and started it in October 2001.

## Other websites

* Official website
# Universal Time

**Universal Time** (**UT** or **UT1**) is a way to tell time based on how the Earth turns. At first, it was measured by the Sun at 0° longitude, but measuring the Sun exactly is hard. So, UT1 is now found using the Earth's position in space, called the Earth Rotation Angle (ERA). ERA takes the place of Greenwich Mean Sidereal Time. UT1 is the same everywhere on Earth. UT1 must follow this rule:

 WIKINIUM\_MATH\_PH\_0 ; where WIKINIUM\_MATH\_PH\_2
# Year

The **year** (symbol: **y** or **a**, also known as the **annum** or **annus**) is about 365 days (except in a leap year). It is the time it takes the Earth to go completely around (orbit) the sun once. A year is actually almost 365.25 days long, but the Gregorian and Julian calendar has 365 days, except in a leap year, which has 366 days.

The year starts on January 1 and ends on December 31 in the Gregorian and Julian calendar. A fiscal year or a school year can start or end on a different day.

There are several ways used to measure the length of a year.

* a **Solar** year, also called **tropical year**, is based on the seasons. The Gregorian calendar is based on a tropical year of 365.2425 days. This is the time that the Sun takes to return to the same position in the cycle of seasons, as seen from Earth; for example, the time from vernal equinox to vernal equinox, or from summer solstice to summer solstice. The word "tropical" in this sense comes from the Greek *tropical* meaning "turn".
* a **Lunar** year is based on the Moon and is
* usually 12 Lunar months (29 days, 12 hours, 44 minutes each) or 354 or 355 days long.
* a **sidereal** year measures the time between when a selected fixed star is highest in the night sky.
* an **anomalistic year** is the difference between the times when the Earth gets closest to the Sun.
* an **eclipse** year is the time between node passages. This is when the Sun moves through a part of the sky where it is possible for the Sun, Earth and moon to be in a line. It is when eclipses can happen.

Solar and lunar years are used by different calendars for daily life. The other measurements are used by astronomers.

* **Ma** (for megaannum) — one million years. The term "Ma" is often used in scientific disciplines such as geology, paleontology, and astronomy to signify very long time periods into the past or future. The simpler term "**mya**" for "million years ago" is generally preferred on this wiki as being intuitively more simple for non-technical readers.

A specific calendar is provided for the liturgical year.

| Months of the Year |
| --- |
|
January |
February |
March |
April |
May |
June |
July |
August |
September |
October |
November |
December |
# Aymara language

| Aymara |
| --- |
| *Aymar aru* |
| Native to | Bolivia, Peru and Chile. |
| Ethnicity | Aymara people |
| Native speakers | (1.8 million in Bolivia cited 1987) 660,000 in Peru (2000–2006) |
| Language family | Aymaran
* **Aymara**
 |
| Language codes |
| ISO 639-1 | `ay` |
| ISO 639-2 | `aym` |
| ISO 639-3 | `aym` – inclusive code Individual codes: `ayr` – Central Aymara `ayc` – Southern Aymara |
| ELP | Aymara |
| Geographic Distribution of the Aymara language |

The **Aymara language** is spoken by the Aymara tribe in Bolivia, Peru, and northern Chile. In Chile, only a third of the tribe say that they speak it well. An inflected language, it is one of the few Native American languages to have over a million speakers.

* Currency and Displacement of the Aymara Language in Chile. Estud. filol. [online]. GUNDERMANN, H, GONZALEZ, H and VERGARA, JI. Sept. 2007, no.42 [cited 20 April 2008], p. 123-140.
# Monday

**Monday** is a day of the week. In some countries, it is the second day of the week. In other parts of the world, including some countries in Europe, Monday is the first day of the week.

Monday is the day in which is celebrated Easter Monday.

The International Standards Organization considers Monday the first day of the week.

## Other websites

 Media related to Monday at Wikimedia Commons

| Days of the Week |
| --- |
| Monday | Tuesday | Wednesday | Thursday | Friday | Saturday | Sunday |
# Tuesday

Tuesday, named after The Nordic god Týr
**Tuesday** is the day of the week between Monday and Wednesday. In some countries, for example the United States of America, Tuesday is the third day of the week. In other parts of the world, Tuesday is the second day of the week.

## History of the name

The name *Tuesday* comes from a Middle English word, *Tiwesday*. This word came from the Old English word *Tiwes dæg*. This was named after the Nordic god Tyr. Tyr was the God of War, like the Roman war god Mars, and Greek god Ares.

In Latin, *Tuesday* is called *Martis dies* which means "Mars's Day". In French, Spanish, Italian and Romanian, the (Romance languages), the word for "Tuesday" is nearly the same as the Latin name. Tuesday is *mardi* in French, *martes* in Spanish, *martedì* in Italian, *dimarts* in Catalan, and *marţi* in Romanian.

The Celtic languages still spoken use the Latin names, even though none of these languages came from Latin. Tuesday is *dé máirt* in Irish, *Meurzh* in Breton, *dydd Mawrth* in Welsh and *Dimàirt* in Scottish Gaelic.

The English and Scandinavian names for *Tuesday* come from the Nordic god Tyr (Old English *Tiw*):

* Old Frisian: *tîesdei*
	+ Modern West Frisian: *tiisdei*
* Old English: *tíwesdæg*
	+ Anglo-Norman:
	+ Middle English: *tíesdæi, tywesdai, twysday*
	+ Early Modern English: *towesday, Twesdaie, Tyisday, Tiseday,*
	+ Modern English: *Tuesday*
* Old High German: *zîestag*
	+ Middle High German: *zîstag*
	+ Alemannic German: *ziischtig*
* Old Norse: *týrsdagr*
	+ Swedish: *Tisdag*
	+ Danish: *Tirsdag*
	+ Norwegian: *Tirsdag* or *Tysdag*
	+ Icelandic: *Týsdagur*

| Days of the Week |
| --- |
| Monday | Tuesday | Wednesday | Thursday | Friday | Saturday | Sunday |
# Wednesday

In some countries, like the United States of America, **Wednesday** is the third day of the week. In other parts of the world Wednesday is said to be the fourth day of the week.

Wednesday is named after the Norse god Woden.

| Days of the Week |
| --- |
| Monday | Tuesday | Wednesday | Thursday | Friday | Saturday | Sunday |
# Thursday

In some countries, like the United States of America, **Thursday** is the fifth day of the week. In other parts of the world Thursday is said to be the fourth day of the week. It comes after Wednesday and before Friday. Thursday is named after the Norse god Thor.

| Days of the Week |
| --- |
| Monday | Tuesday | Wednesday | Thursday | Friday | Saturday | Sunday |
# Friday

**Friday** is a day of the week. In some countries, for example the United States, it is the sixth day of the week. In other parts of the world, for example the United Kingdom, it is said to be the fifth day of the week.

In Christianity, Good Friday is the Friday before Easter. It commemorates the crucifixion of Jesus. Special prayer services and ceremonies are held worldwide on this day with readings from the Gospel.

Friday is the Sabbath for Muslims.

There is a superstition that a Friday on the 13th day of a month is unlucky. If the first day of a month is a Sunday, the month will have a Friday the 13th.

Some people consider Friday to be the last day of the week before the weekend. Others see Friday night as part of the weekend, since work or school is over for the week. In some places, the weekend is Friday and Saturday. Because many people are happy to not have to go to work during the weekend, there are sayings like "Thank God it's Friday!".

Friday is named after Norse Goddess Frigg.

| Days of the Week |
| --- |
| Monday | Tuesday | Wednesday | Thursday | Friday | Saturday | Sunday |
# Saturday

In some countries, like the United States of America, **Saturday** is the seventh and final day of the week. In other parts of the world, like the United Kingdom, Saturday is said to be the sixth day of the week. It is also the day of rest and worship for Jewish people. Along with Sunday, it makes up the weekend. Its name comes from the Roman god Saturn.

| Days of the Week |
| --- |
| Monday | Tuesday | Wednesday | Thursday | Friday | Saturday | Sunday |
# Sunday

Sunday is named after the Sun
**Sunday** is one of the seven days of the week. It is part of the weekend, along with Saturday. Sunday is the Sabbath or day of worship for most Christians (for example, Easter is celebrated on Sunday). Sunday is the beginning of the week in the United States, but is the end of the week in the United Kingdom.

| Days of the Week |
| --- |
| Monday | Tuesday | Wednesday | Thursday | Friday | Saturday | Sunday |
# Hour

The **hour** (symbol: **h**) is a unit of measurement used to measure time. The hour is equal to sixty minutes. Twenty-four hours are equal to one day. Unlike the second, the hour is not a base SI unit.
# Week

A **week** is 7 days in connecting order. There are usually 52 weeks in a year.

In the English language, the days of the week are named after gods in Norse mythology, except for Saturday, which is named after a Roman god.

| English name | Abbreviation | Norse mythology | Roman mythology | Old English name |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| Sunday | Sun. | Sun's day |  | Sunnadaeg |
| Monday | Mon. | Moon's day |   | Monnadaeg |
| Tuesday | Tue. | Tyr's day | Mars | Tiwsdaeg |
| Wednesday | Wed. | Wodan's (Odin's) day | Mercury | Wodensdaeg |
| Thursday | Thu. | Thor's day | Jupiter | Thursdaeg |
| Friday | Fri. | Freyr's day | Venus | Fridaeg |
| Saturday | Sat. |  | Saturn's day | Saturnsdaeg |

Depending on the law of a country, the week either starts on Monday and ends on Sunday, or starts on Sunday and ends on Saturday. Friday, Saturday, and Sunday is a religious day for Muslims, Jews, and Christians, respectively.

## Other websites

* The Mysterious 7-Day Cycle (history with Christian editorial) Archived 2005-11-25 at the Wayback Machine
* The Week (part of Claus Tøndering's Calendar FAQ)

| Days of the Week |
| --- |
| Monday | Tuesday | Wednesday | Thursday | Friday | Saturday | Sunday |
# Minute

A **minute** is a customary unit of time. It is equal to 60 seconds. There are 60 minutes in an hour. Unlike the second, the minute is not an SI unit.

A minute is also ​1⁄60 of a degree. In this context, a minute is also called an **arcminute**, and is written with the WIKINIUM\_MATH\_PH\_0 symbol.

For example, the Sun and Moon both have angular diameters of about 30 arcminutes—when seen from Earth.

## Related pages

* Arcsecond
# Month

A **month** is an amount of time used with calendars. It is about 1/12th of a year. It is a little longer than a natural synodic orbital period of the moon, ca. 29.5 days. Lunar calendars use the natural synodic month. For some purposes astronomers use the sidereal month of 27.3 days.

Other calendars, called "solar calendars", ignore the moon, and depend entirely on the Sun — for example, the Gregorian calendar of 365 or 366 days (12 months) used in much of the world today.

| Months of the Year |
| --- |
|
January |
February |
March |
April |
May |
June |
July |
August |
September |
October |
November |
December |
# Night

A satellite image of the earth at night
Evening in Ibirapuera Park, São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
Postmidnight in Prayagraj Junction railway station.
**Night** or **nighttime** is the time when the Sun is not in the sky, from dusk to dawn.

In the clock, it's the period from 6:00 PM to 6:00 AM.

The opposite of night is daytime. The start and end times of night are different in different geographic locations. It varies on season, latitude, and longitude.

Because of time zones, night happens at different times around the world. This is because the Sun shines on different parts of the Earth at different times. During a solar eclipse it is also partially night because the Sun is blocked out by the Moon.

## Related pages

* Light pollution
* Polar night
# Sunset

Sun setting in Mumbai 7:20pm
**Sunset** or **sundown** is the instant at which the upper edge of the Sun disappears below the horizon in the west. Its opposite is the sunrise.
# Wiktionary

Wiktionary|  |
| Screenshot
Main Page of the English Wiktionary on January 14, 2019 |
| Type of site | Online dictionary |
| Available in | Multilingual |
| Owner | Wikimedia Foundation |
| Created by | Jimmy Wales and the Wikimedia community |
| URL | wiktionary.org |
| Commercial | No |
| Registration | Optional |
| Launched | December 12, 2002 (2002-12-12) |
| Current status | active |

**Wiktionary** is a wiki-based project to develop a multilingual online dictionary, or a group of meanings for words, in the form of a wiki. There are many languages of Wiktionary. Wiktionary is also a thesaurus. Wiktionary is run by the Wikimedia Foundation, which also runs Wikipedia. The English Wiktionary currently has over 7.3 million pages and 4.0 million users. Much like Wikipedia, the Wiktionary is run in several different languages that can be selected from its main page. These include the Simple English Wiktionary.

## Logo

In 2006, there was a vote for the change of the logo of Wiktionary. The original logo of only words was replaced. However, there were very few people who voted in this contest. Therefore, smaller wikis used the newer logo but the English Wiktionary stayed with the same logo.

In 2009, there was a second contest for a newer logo *(pictured)*. This was a step to make all the Wiktionaries to have the same logo on all projects. However, the English Wiktionary still did not use the new logo. The Simple English Wiktionary voted on the new logo on November 30, 2010 and the community decided the new logo to use it as their logo. However, no changes were made to the logo and the discussion was thus forgotten.

## Other websites

* Simple English Wiktionary main page
* English Wiktionary main page
* List of Wiktionaries by language family
# Daytime

Morning, just after sunrise on a farm in Namibia (2014)
Visitors to the Metropolitan Museum of Art in New York City during the late afternoon
**Daytime** or **day** is the period when the Sun is above the horizon, from sunrise to sunset.

In the clock, it's the period from 6:00 AM to 6:00 PM.

The opposite of daytime is nighttime. The length of daytime varies, being 12 hours on the summer and winter solstices. However, the length of a day and night always add up to 24 hours.
# Rotation period

In astronomy, a **rotation period** is the time an astronomical object takes to complete one revolution around its rotation axis relative to the background stars. For the Earth this is a sidereal day. It is different from a solar day, which is measured by the passage of the Sun across the local meridian.

All celestial objects spin. The rotation period differs according to whether the body in question is solid or fluid (gaseous). A solid object has one value, but a fluid object such as a star spins differently at the poles compared to the equator (Sun: about 25 days at the equator and about 35 days near the poles).

## Related pages

* Tidal locking

## Other websites

* "MIRA". *Jupiter*. Retrieved 2005-05-24.