Rikunarita-ORG/Wikinium huggingface dataset:
# Public domain

The unofficial icon to represent things that are in the public domain.
**Public domain** is a phrase that describes something that belongs to all people in general: the public. The public domain contains works (such as books, films, or paintings) that are not under copyright protection.

The *opposite* of "public domain" is copyrighted material, which is owned either by the creator of the work or their estate. The term *public domain* is only used to describe things that can be copyrighted, such as photographs, drawings, written articles, books or plays, or similar works of art. As a general rule, all intellectual property works, after enough time has gone by, will become part of public domain. Examples include the works of Leonardo da Vinci, William Shakespeare and Ludwig van Beethoven, and the books of Isaac Newton.

A work can enter the public domain in many ways.

* The copyright expires, many years (usually 50 or 70 years) after its creator dies.
* The work's creator may legally give up all claims to the material.
* The creator does not renew the work's copyright (for works before 1963).
* The work may have been created by agencies of certain governments, in which case it was in the public domain from the time of its creation.
* The work is made by an animal.
* The copyright notice is missing an owner, year or copyright symbol (for works before 1989).

The Google logo is made of simple shapes and is thus public domain. It is still trademarked, however.
In some cases, if a work enters the public domain after copyright expiration, anyone using the work may still be required to note who created the work. Even if some works are in the public domain due to not being copyrighted, there may be still non-copyright usage restrictions. For examples, even though the design of national currencies may be ineligible, or be unsuitable, for copyright, counterfeiting them for fraud is widely a very serious crime. Another example are logos and images that only have text or simple shapes. These logos aren't copyrighted in the United States, but they are often protected by trademarks.

## Related pages

* Copyleft
# Common year

A **common year** is a calendar year with 365 days. It is a year that is not a leap year. This means a common year has 52 weeks and one day. So if a certain year started on a Monday, the following year will start on a Tuesday. Stated differently, a common year always begins and ends on the same day of the week (for example, in 2026, January 1 and December 31 fall on a Thursday). In common years, February has exactly four weeks, so March begins on the same day of the week. November also begins on this day. For example, if February 2026 begins on a Sunday, then March would also begin on a Sunday. November follows the same characteristic.

In a common year, the corresponding months are January and October, February, March, and November, April and July and September and December. No month corresponds to May, June or August.

In the Gregorian calendar, 303 out of every 400 years are common years. In the Julian calendar, 300 out of every 400 years were common years. All the other years are special and known as leap years.

## Years

* 2000, a century leap year, began on a Saturday.
* 2001 began on a Monday.
* 2002 began on a Tuesday.
* 2003 began on a Wednesday.
* 2004, a leap year, began on a Thursday.
* 2005 began on a Saturday.
* 2006 began on a Sunday.
* 2007 began on a Monday.
* 2008, a leap year, began on a Tuesday.
* 2009 began on a Thursday.
* 2010 began on a Friday.
* 2011 began on a Saturday.
* 2012, a leap year, began on a Sunday.
* 2013 began on a Tuesday.
* 2014 began on a Wednesday.
* 2015 began on a Thursday.
* 2016, a leap year, began on a Friday.
* 2017 began on a Sunday.
* 2018 began on a Monday.
* 2019 began on a Tuesday.
* 2020, a leap year, began on a Wednesday.
* 2021 began on a Friday.
* 2022 began on a Saturday.
* 2023 began on a Sunday.
* 2024, a leap year, began on a Monday.
* 2025, began on a Wednesday.
* 2026, began on a Thursday.
* 2027 will begin on a Friday.
* 2028, a leap year, will begin on a Saturday.
* 2029 will begin on a Monday.
* 2030 will begin on a Tuesday.

## Months

These are the 12 months in a year.

* January has 31 days.
* February has 28 days.
* March has 31 days.
* April has 30 days.
* May has 31 days.
* June has 30 days.
* July has 31 days.
* August has 31 days.
* September has 30 days.
* October has 31 days.
* November has 30 days.
* December has 31 days.

There are 7 months with 31 days. There are 4 months with 30 days. There is 1 month with 28 days. In the Julian calendar, introduced by Julius Caesar in 45 BC, every 4 years there are 29 days in February, which is called a leap year. This happens because every year is 365 and 1/4 days but instead of us having a spare quarter of a day in each year we add them all up every 4 years and make an extra day to avoid confusion and make things easier for everyone.
In the Gregorian Calendar, which was introduced in 1582 by Pope Gregory XIII, because the Julian calendar added slightly too many years, three leap years were removed for every 400 years. These are those that are multiples of 100, but not multiples of 400. Thus, in the Gregorian calendar, 2024 is a leap year, but not 2025 and 2026, 2000 is a leap year, but not 1900 and 2100.
# Activism

**Activism** is an action to make a change, or stop a change, in society. It can be trying to make a government change its laws, or trying to make people change what they do. There are many forms of activism. Activism is most associated with protests.

Barricade at the Paris Commune, March 1871
Civil rights activists at the March on Washington for Jobs and Freedom during the civil rights movement in August 1963
A women's liberation march in Washington, D.C., August 1970
Activist demonstrative forms of activism includes rallies, street marches, strikes, sit-ins, or hunger strikes. When activism is linked to art, the action, in street art is called artivism.

## Related page

* Lobbying
* Political prisoner
* Social movement
# Author

An **author** is a person who makes an original piece of work. Most people use author to mean writer. While a writer is a type of author, authors often do more than write. Anyone who creates something original is an author. These could be written items such as books, stories, or poems. This could also be other types of art, such as sculpture or music. Any type of work can be made by an author.

## *Writer* and *author*

The term author is commonly used to refer to a person who writes as a profession. It is also believed by many that the term is used for writers who are distinguished and who have had their works published. These explanations are common with people who work with those who write professionally.

An author does not always have to be a writer. If a person dictates a letter to a secretary, then the secretary is a writer, but the person who dictated the letter is the author.

## Examples

Other examples of someone being called an *author*:

* In copyright law, the author is the first owner of copyright. These laws also apply to other works of art, such as pictures or music.
* In biology, the first person to write an article that gives a name to and describes a type of living thing is the author of that name.
* Someone who writes music may be called the author of that piece of music. Another name for an author of music is a composer.

## French usage

When talking about movies, the French word for author, *auteur*, is often used about someone who has been both the writer and director of a movie.

## Related pages

* Writer
* Journalist
* Genre of literature

## Other websites

* Networks of scientific papers Archived 2021-03-01 at the Wayback Machine
# An Affair to Remember

An Affair to Remember is a 1957 American romance movie directed by Leo McCarey and starring Cary Grant, Deborah Kerr, Richard Denning, Neva Patterson, Cathleen Nesbitt. It was distributed by 20th Century Fox and was nominated for 4 Academy Awards in 1958. It is a remake of the 1939 movie *Love Affair*.

## Other websites

* *An Affair to Remember* on IMDb
* *An Affair to Remember* at AllMovie
# Tol'able David

| Tol'able David |
| --- |
|  |
| Directed by | Henry King |
| Written by | Joseph Hergesheimer (novel) Edmund Goulding Henry King |
| Produced by | Henry King |
| Starring | Richard Barthelmess Gladys Hulette Walter P. Lewis Ernest Torrence |
| Cinematography | Henry Cronjager |
| Edited by | W. Duncan Mansfield |
| Distributed by | Inspiration Pictures |
| Release date | 31 December 1921 |
| Running time | 99 minutes |
| Country | United States |
| Languages | Silent movie English intertitles |

*Tol'able David*.
Tol'able David (1921) is a silent movie starring Richard Barthelmess. It is based on a story by Joseph Hergesheimer. The movie was produced and directed by Henry King for Inspiration Pictures.

The movie was voted a Photoplay Magazine 1921 "medal of honor". In 2007, *Tol'able David* was selected for preservation in the United States National Film Registry by the Library of Congress as being "culturally, historically, or aesthetically significant".

## Story

Young David Kinemon, son of West Virginia tenant farmers, wants to be treated like a man by his family and neighbors. He is constantly reminded that he is still a boy and he is only "tol'able" but not a man. He proves himself a man when outlaws move onto a nearby farm.

## Other websites

* *Tol'able David* on IMDb
* *Tol'able David* at YouTube
* *Tol'able David* at AllMovie
* *Tol'able David* at Virtual History
# Writer

A **writer** can mean anyone who makes a written work or who writes, but the word more usually means people who write creatively or as a job, or those who have written in many different forms.

## Overview

A "person who writes books or articles to be published"; That is one of the ways that media explains what a writer does.Skilled writers demonstrate skills in using language to portray certain ideas and images, whether in fiction or non-fiction.

## Types

* Myth
* Plays
* Lyrics
* Prose
* Novel
* Music
* Poetry
* Legend
* Magazine
* Monologue
* Screenplay
* Non-fiction
* Newspaper

This list consists of merely a few examples of the many types of writing.

## Types of writers

Writers often specialize in one of the following categories:

* Poet
* Novelist
* Columnist
* Blog writer
* Head writer
* Ghostwriter
* Business writing
* Newspaper reporter

## Related pages

* Author
* Scholar
* Journalist
* English literature
# Fahrenheit 451

Fahrenheit 451 is an American dystopian fiction novel. It was written by Ray Bradbury and first published in 1953.

The novel is about a future American society in which people are hedonistic (meaning they live only for pleasure), and reading is against the law because it makes them think. The main character, Guy Montag, has a job as a "fireman" (which, in this future, means "book burner"). The number "451" refers to the temperature (in Fahrenheit) at which the books burn when the "firemen" burn them "for the good of humanity". Written in the early years of the Cold War, the novel is a critique of what Bradbury saw as an increasingly dysfunctional American society.

The idea began with Bradbury's short story "Bright Phoenix," written in 1947 but first published in the *Magazine of Fantasy and Science Fiction* in 1963. The original short story was reworked into the novella, *The Fireman*, and published in the February 1951 issue of *Galaxy Science Fiction*. The novel was also serialized in the March, April, and May 1954 issues of *Playboy* magazine. Bradbury wrote the entire novel on a pay typewriter in the basement of UCLA's Powell library. His original idea in writing *Fahrenheit 451* was to show his great love for books and libraries. He has often referred to Montag as an allusion to himself.

Over the years, the novel has been subject to various interpretations, primarily focusing on the historical role of book burning in suppressing dissenting ideas. Bradbury has said that the novel is not about censorship; he says that *Fahrenheit 451* is a story about how television destroys interest in reading literature, which leads to people thinking that knowledge is made up of "factoids", partial information without context, such as Napoleon's birth date alone, without an indication of who he was.

A movie version of the novel was released in 1966, and at least two BBC Radio 4 dramatizations have also been aired, both of which follow the book very closely.