Rikunarita-ORG/Wikinium huggingface dataset:
# January 2025 Southern California wildfires

| January 2025 Southern California wildfires |
| --- |
| Sentinel-3 satellite image of the Palisades (left) and Eaton (right) fires burning near Los Angeles, California, January 9, 2025 |
| Location | Los Angeles, Orange, Riverside, San Bernardino, San Diego and Ventura counties, California |
| Statistics |
| Date(s) | January 7–31, 2025
(24 days) |
| Burned area | Roughly 57,636 acres (23,324 ha; 90 sq mi; 233 km2) |
| Cause | Under investigation, exacerbated by severe Santa Ana winds and drought conditions |
| Buildings destroyed | 18,189+ destroyed or damaged |
| Deaths | 28+ total (27+ direct, 1 indirect) |
| Missing people | 31+ |
| Evacuated | 200,000+ |
| Map |
| Overview of major fires in the Greater Los Angeles area (map data) |

The **January2025 Southern California wildfires** were a series of wildfires that started in the Los Angeles metropolitan area and surrounding areas on January 7, 2025. It spread quickly because of hurricane-force winds, very low humidity, and drought conditions.

A massive fire began near the Pacific Palisades neighborhood in Los Angeles, and burned about 200 acres (81 ha; 0.31 sq mi; 0.81 km2) of land. This fire led to massive evacuations to take place. The fire was reportedly expanding at the same rate as "three football fields of land per minute", with firefighters unable to put out the fire because of strong winds. Immediate evacuation orders are only for people living in Santa Monica. At 12:11 pm PST on January 8, the City of Malibu told their residents to also evacuate.

Firefighters responded to another fire in the Hollywood Hills area of Los Angeles County near Sunset Boulevard. The fire was put out shortly after it started.

Sixteen people have died in the fire.

Because of this NWS Los Angeles put out a PDS Red Flag Warning on January 14, 2025

Most of the damage has been done by the two largest fires: the Palisades Fire in Pacific Palisades and the Eaton Fire in Altadena. They are likely the fourth and second most destructive fires in California's history, respectively.

The fire was contained on January 31, 2025. At the time of containment, the wildfires killed at least 29 people, forced more than 200,000 to evacuate, and destroyed more than 18,000 homes and structures. The wildfires burned over 57,000 acres (23,000 ha) of land in total.

The fires in Pacific Palisades
# New Salem, Illinois

**New Salem** is a village of Illinois in the United States.

## History

New Salem started out as a tiny village in Illinois. In 1830, Abraham Lincoln, still 30 years short of becoming the President of America, accidentally caught his boss's boat on the Rutledge Mill in New Salem. 2 years later, he moved to New Salem, and it would be his home for some of his life. It was here that he would court young Ann Rutledge, who would later die in the same place. After Abe Lincoln moved to Springfield, people began leaving the village. They also used to take their homes with them. From 22 houses in 1836, to 2 houses in 1865, the year of Lincoln's assassination. The village was later rebuilt. Many biographers of Lincoln, like William Herndon and Jesse Weik, have gone there to search out the remaining "ghosts" of Lincoln.
# Edwin M. Stanton

| Edwin McMasters Stanton |
| --- |
|  |
|  |
| 25th United States Attorney General |
| **In office** December 20, 1860 – March 4, 1861 |
| President | James Buchanan |
| Preceded by | Jeremiah S. Black |
| Succeeded by | Edward Bates |
| 27th United States Secretary of War |
| **In office** January 20, 1862 – May 28, 1868 |
| President | Abraham Lincoln (1862–1865) Andrew Johnson (1865–1868) |
| Preceded by | Simon Cameron |
| Succeeded by | John M. Schofield |
|  |
| Personal details |
| Born | (1814-12-19)December 19, 1814 Steubenville, Ohio, U.S. |
| Died | December 24, 1869(1869-12-24) (aged 55) Washington, D.C., U.S. |
| Political party | Democratic |
| Spouse(s) | Mary Lamson Stanton Ellen Hutchison Stanton |
| Alma mater | Kenyon College |
| Profession | Lawyer, Politician |
| Signature |  |

**Edwin McMasters Stanton** (December 19, 1814 – December 24, 1869) was an American lawyer and politician. He was the United States Secretary of War under Abraham Lincoln administration during most of the American Civil War. Stanton's effective management helped organize the massive military resources of the North and guide the Union to victory under the command by Ulysses S. Grant.

## Early life

Stanton was born in Steubenville, Ohio, the eldest of four children to David and Lucy Norman Stanton. Throughout his childhood and adult life Stanton suffered from asthma. Stanton studied at Kenyon College. He was also from Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania.

## Personal life

He was married to Mary Lamson from 1836 until her death in 1844. They had two children; Lucy Lamson and Edwin Lamson. Then he was married to Ellen Hutchinson. His brother David committed suicide in 1846. Stanton died on December 24, 1869 in Washington, D.C. from respiratory failure, aged 55.

## Other websites

* Biography from "Impeach Andrew Johnson".
* Mr. Lincoln and Friends: Edwin M. Stanton Biography. Archived 2009-02-07 at the Wayback Machine
* Mr. Lincoln's White House: Edwin M. Stanton Biography.
# Maximilian I of Mexico

| Maximilian I |
| --- |
| Maximilian, c. 1864 |
| Emperor of Mexico |
| Reign | 10 April 1864 – 19 June 1867 |
| Predecessor | Monarchy established (Benito Juárez, as President of the Republic) |
| Successor | Monarchy abolished (Benito Juárez, as President of the Republic) |
| Prime ministers | *See list** José Lacunza
* Teodosio Lares
* Santiago Vidaurri
 |
|  |
| Born | Archduke Maximilian of Austria (1832-07-06)6 July 1832 Schönbrunn Palace, Vienna, Austrian Empire, German Confederation |
| Died | 19 June 1867(1867-06-19) (aged 34) Cerro de las Campanas, Santiago de Querétaro, Restored Republic |
| Burial | 18 January 1868 Imperial Crypt, Vienna, Austria |
| Spouse |
Charlotte of Belgium
​ ​(m. 1857)​ |
|

| Full name |
| --- |
| Ferdinand Maximilian Josef Maria |

 |
| House | Habsburg-Lorraine |
| Father | Archduke Franz Karl of Austria |
| Mother | Princess Sophie of Bavaria |
| Religion | Catholicism |
| Signature |  |

**Maximilian I of Mexico** (6 July 1832 – 19 June 1867) was a member of the Imperial House of Habsburg-Lorraine.
After a distinguished career in the Austrian Navy he was proclaimed Emperor of Mexico, during the Second Mexican Empire.

His father was Archduke Franz Karl, the second surviving son of Emperor Francis II of Austria, during whose reign he was born.

Archduke Ferdinand Maximilian Joseph of Austria (later Emperor Maximilian of Mexico) , by Joseph Karl Stieler.
Maximilian was thus a member of the House of Habsburg-Lorraine, a female-line cadet branch of the House of Habsburg. His older brother was the reigning Emperor Franz Joseph I of Austria and their mother was Princess Sophie of Bavaria, a member of the House of Wittelsbach.

Many Europeans, and Viennese in particular, suspected that he was actually fathered by Napoleon II of France. There was a close relationship between Sophie and Napoleon II. It was said that Sophie never recovered after his death and that she blamed it on Metternich for the rest of her life.

Maximilian ruled as the Emperor of Mexico from 1864 to 1867. He was installed by occupying French forces under Napoleon III. When the French left in 1867, Maximilian refused to go with them, believing he had the support of the people.

Maximilian was shocked by the living conditions of the poor in contrast to the magnificent haciendas of the upper class. His wife Empress Carlota of Mexico began holding parties for the wealthy Mexicans to raise money for poor houses. One of Maximilian's first acts as Emperor was to restrict working hours and abolish child labour. He cancelled all debts for peasants over 10 pesos, restored communal property and forbade all forms of corporal punishment. He supported land reforms, religious freedom, and extending the right to vote beyond the landholding class. These liberal policies caused opposition from the wealthy and the landowners.

In addition, he was opposed by President Benito Juárez who supported native, democratic rule, under the banner of republicanism.

*The Execution of Emperor Maximilian* by Manet (1868)
Maximilian was captured by Benito Juarez’s Republican forces and executed by firing squad on 19 June 1867.
# 1810s

The **1810s** was the decade that began on January 1, 1810 and ended on December 31, 1819. It is distinct from the decade known as the '''182st decade''' which began on January 1, 1811 and ended on December 31, 1820.

## Events

* The War of 1812 between Great Britain and the United States.
* Napoleon defeated at Waterloo in Belgium. (1815)
* Denmark lets Norway go; Norway declares independence.
* Congress of Vienna changes Europe.
* Volcano Mount Tambora explodes in the Dutch East Indies (1815)
* Year without a Summer (1816)

## Births

* James Strang, Mormon. (1813)
* John A. Macdonald, first prime minister of Canada (1815)
* Elizabeth Cady Stanton, American women's rights activist (1815)
* Mary Todd Lincoln, First Lady of the United States
* Frederick Douglass, writer. (1818)

## World leaders

* Emperor Francis II (Austria)
* Chancellor Klemens Wenzel von Metternich (Austria)
* King Frederick William III of Prussia (Prussia)
* Jiaqing Emperor (China)
* Emperor Napoleon I (First French Empire)
* King Louis XVIII (Restoration France)
* Pope Pius VII
* Emperor Alexander I (Russia)
* King Ferdinand VII (Spain)
* King George III (United Kingdom).
* President James Madison (United States)
* President James Monroe (United States)
* Fath Ali Shah of Qajar dynasty (Persia)

## Deaths

* Paul Revere, silversmith. (1818)
* Jemima Wilkinson, preacher. (1819)
# Bachelor of Arts

Bachelor of Arts (Hons) in Design (Graphic Design) granted by the University of Derby in 2014
A **Bachelor of Arts** or **BA** is a college degree. It takes three years to get it in Australia, Austria, Denmark, Estonia, England, Wales, Northern Ireland, Germany, Iceland, India, Israel, the Netherlands, New Zealand, Norway, Quebec, Pakistan, Singapore, South Africa, and Switzerland. It takes four years in Canada, Republic of Ireland, Scotland, Japan, United States, Republic of Korea, Republic of China (Taiwan), and the Philippines. *Bachelor of Arts* is often written as "BA" or "B.A." The Latin term is *artium baccalaureus* so some colleges use the abbreviation of "AB" or "A.B."

The word "arts" means the *liberal arts*. Compared to Bachelor of Science degrees, Bachelor of Arts often require more courses outside the main field of study. A Bachelor of Arts can be awarded in the sciences, social sciences, or humanities.
# Digital Object Identifier

A **Digital Object Identifier** (or **DOI**) is a permanent way to identify an online document. This identification is not related to its current location.

A typical use of a DOI is to give a scientific paper or article a unique number that can be used by anyone find the location of the paper. It may also make it possible to find an electronic copy, for example, on the Internet. The DOI system has a **DOI resolution system** which is used to locate where the document is. When the document is moved, the DOI resolution system is updated with the new location of the document.

For example, **doi:10.1016/j.iheduc.2008.03.001** links to "Web 2.0 authorship: Issues of Referencing and citation for academic integrity" by Kathleen Gray *et al.* The work was published in *The Internet and Higher Education,* Vol. 11, Issue 2, 2008.

## Other websites

* Welcome to the DOI System
* Factsheet: DOI System and Internet Identifier Specifications