# September 13

**September 13** is the 256th day of the year (257th every 4 years) in the Gregorian calendar. There are 109 days remaining until the end of the year.

## Events

### Up to 1900

* 509 BC – The temple of Jupiter on Rome's Capitoline Hill is dedicated on the ides of September.
* 81 – Domitian becomes Roman Emperor.
* 122 – The building of Hadrian's Wall begins.
* 335 – Emperor Constantine I consecrates the Church of the Holy Sepulchre in Jerusalem.
* 533 – Belisarius and the Roman Empire defeat Gelimer and the Vandals at the Battle of Ad Decimium near Carthage, North Africa.
* 604 – Pope Sabinianus is consecrated.
* 1440 – Gilles de Rais is taken into custody upon an accusation brought against him by the Bishop of Nantes.
* 1501 – Michelangelo begins work on his famous statue David.
* 1541 – John Calvin returns to Geneva after three years in exile, to re–form the Calvinist Church.
* 1584 – The Spanish royal palace San Lorenzo del Escorial, near Madrid, is completed.
* 1598 – Philip III of Spain becomes King.
* 1609 – Henry Hudson reaches the river that will later be named after him – the Hudson River.
* 1743 – England, Austria and Savoy–Sardinia sign the Treaty of Worms.
* 1759 – Battle of the Plains of Abraham: British defeat French near Quebec City in the Seven Years' War, known in the United States as the French and Indian War.
* 1782 – American Revolutionary War: French–Spanish troops launch the unsuccessful "grand assault" during the Great Siege of Gibraltar.
* 1788 – The United States Constitutional Convention sets the date for the country's first presidential election, and New York City becomes the temporary capital of the U.S.
* 1791 – King Louis XVI of France accepts the new constitution
* 1813 – The British fail to capture Baltimore, Maryland. Turning point in the War of 1812.
* 1843 – The Greek Army rebels against the autocratic rule of King Otto of Greece.
* 1847 – Mexican-American War: Six teenage military cadets known as Niños Héroes die defending Chapultepec Castle in the Battle of Chapultepec. American General Winfield Scott captures Mexico City in the Mexican-American War.
* 1848 – American Phineas Gage survives an accident in which an iron pole goes through his head. The resulting change in his behaviour becomes the subject of several scientific studies.
* 1850 – First successful climb of Piz Bernina, the highest summit in the Eastern portion of the Alps.
* 1858 – A fire on German passenger steamer *Austria* kills 471 people.
* 1862 – Union soldiers find Robert E. Lee's battle plans in a field outside Frederick, Maryland.
* 1898 – Hannibal Williston Goodwin patents celluloid photographic film
* 1899 – Henry Bliss is the first person in the United States to be killed in an automobile accident.
* 1900 – Filipino resistance fighters defeat a larger American column in the Battle of Pulang Lupa, during the Philippine American War.

### 1901 – 1950

* 1906 – First airplane flight in Europe
* 1914 – During World War I, South African troops open hostilities in German SW Africa (Namibia) with an assault on the Ramansdrift police station.
* 1914 – World War I: Battle of Aisne begins between France and Germany.
* 1922 – The temperature (in the shade) at Al 'Aziziyah, Libya reaches a world record 136.4 °F (58 °C), though this measurement was doubted in 2012 and the record given back to the 57 degrees Celsius measured at Death Valley, California in 1913.
* 1923 – Military coup in Spain – Miguel Primo de Rivera takes over, setting up a dictatorship.
* 1928 – A hurricane devastates the Caribbean.
* 1933 – Elizabeth McCombs becomes the first woman to be elected to the New Zealand Parliament.
* 1939 – Canada enters World War II.
* 1940 – World War II: German bombs damage Buckingham Palace.
* 1940 – World War II: Italy invades Egypt.
* 1941 – Two of the worst tragedies in Norwegian shipping occur. In the Finnmark region, a passenger steamer of the Hurtigruten line is sunk by a British U–boat, killing 99. On the same night, at Vestfjord, a passenger ship is sunk by a British torpedo, killing 112.
* 1943 – Chiang Kai-shek elected president of the Republic of China.
* 1948 – Margaret Chase Smith is elected senator, and becomes the first woman to serve in both the U.S. House of Representatives and the United States Senate.
* 1950 – West Germany holds its first census, establishing a population of 47.3 million.

### 1951 – 2000

* 1953 – Nikita Khrushchev is appointed secretary–general of the Soviet Union.
* 1956 – The dyke around the Dutch polder East Flevoland is closed.
* 1959 – The Soviet Lunik 2 space probe lands on the moon.
* 1965 – Baseball: Willie Mays becomes the fifth member of the 500 home run club with a home run at the Astrodome in Houston, Texas.
* 1968 – Albania leaves the Warsaw Pact.
* 1970 – First running of the New York City Marathon.
* 1971 – State police and National Guardsmen storm New York's Attica Prison to end a prison revolt. 42 people die in the assault.
* 1971 – Frank Robinson becomes the 11th member of the 500 home run club with a home run at Memorial Stadium in Baltimore, Maryland.
* 1979 – South Africa grants independence to the "homeland" of Venda (not recognized outside South Africa).
* 1985 – The Super Mario Bros. video game is released by Nintendo in Japan.
* 1987 – Goiânia accident: A radioactive object is stolen from an abandoned hospital in Goiânia, Brazil, contaminating many people in the following weeks and leading some to die from radiation poisoning.
* 1988 – Hurricane Gilbert is the strongest recorded hurricane in the Western Hemisphere (based on barometric pressure).
* 1989 – Largest anti–Apartheid march is held in South Africa, led by Desmond Tutu.
* 1991 – A concrete beam weighing 55 tons falls in the Olympic Stadium, Montreal, Canada.
* 1993 – Public unveiling of the Oslo Accords, an Israeli–Palestinian peace agreement initiated by Norway.
* 1994 – Ulysses probe passes the Sun's south pole.
* 1996 – After surviving for six days, U.S. rapper/actor Tupac Shakur dies after being shot four times in a drive by shooting in Las Vegas, Nevada.
* 1999 – A bomb explodes in Moscow, Russia. At least 119 people are killed.

### From 2001

* 2001 – Civilian airplane traffic in the U.S., which had been grounded following the September 11, 2001 attacks, is allowed to resume.
* 2004 – The anime InuYasha finishes its run in Japan with episode 167.
* 2005 – The Israelis abandon the Gaza Strip.
* 2005 – Major Japanese Pop group Do As Infinity announces that it's disbanding.
* 2007 – The Declaration on the Rights of Indigenous Peoples is adopted by the United Nations General Assembly.
* 2008 – Delhi, India is hit by a series of bomb blasts, killing 30.
* 2008 – Hurricane Ike hits Texas.
* 2012 – 2012 U.S. diplomatic missions attacks: Protests spread to US diplomatic missions in Yemen, Morocco, Sudan and Yemen, as well as the Swiss Embassy in Tehran, which handles US interests in Iran.
* 2023 – Israel attacks Syria's west coast, killing two soldiers and injuring six.

## Births

### Up to 1850

* 64 – Julia Flavia, daughter of Roman Emperor Titus (d. 91)
* 678 – K'inich Ahkal Mo' Naab' III, Mayan ruler (d. 730)
* 1087 – John II Komnene, Byzantine Emperor (d. 1143)
* 1475 – Cesare Borgia, Italian aristocrat and ruler (d. 1507)
* 1502 – John Leland, English antiquarian (d. 1552)
* 1521 – William Cecil, 1st Baron Burghley, English statesman (d. 1598)
* 1594 – Francesco Manelli, Italian composer (d. 1667)
* 1601 – Jan Brueghel the Younger, Flemish painter (d. 1678)
* 1630 – Olaus Rudbeck, Swedish polymath (d. 1702)
* 1694 – Yeongjo of Joseon, ruler of Korea (d. 1776)
* 1755 – Oliver Evans, American inventor (d. 1819)
* 1766 – Samuel Wilson, likely namesake of Uncle Sam (d. 1854)
* 1775 – Laura Secord, Canadian war heroine (d. 1868)
* 1802 – Arnold Ruge, German philosopher and political writer (d. 1880)
* 1813 – Jozsef Eotvos, Hungarian writer and statesman (d. 1871)
* 1813 – John Sedgwick, American general (d. 1864)
* 1818 – Gustave Aimard, French writer (d. 1893)
* 1819 – Clara Schumann, German pianist and composer (d. 1896)
* 1830 – Marie von Ebner-Eschenbach, Austrian writer (d. 1916)
* 1842 – John H. Bankhead, American politician (d. 1920)
* 1842 – Jan Puczyna de Kosielsno, Polish cardinal (d. 1911)

### 1851 – 1900

* 1851 – Walter Reed, American bacteriologist (d. 1902)
* 1853 – Hans Christian Gram, Danish bacteriologist (d. 1938)
* 1856 – Sergei Winogradsky, Russian microbiologist (d. 1953)
* 1857 – Milton S. Hershey, American confectioner (d. 1945)
* 1860 – John J. Pershing, American general (d. 1948)
* 1863 – Arthur Henderson, British politician (d. 1935)
* 1865 – William Birdwood, British general (d. 1951)
* 1872 – Kijuro Shidehara, Prime Minister of Japan (d. 1951)
* 1873 – Constantin Caratheodory, Greek mathematician (d. 1950)
* 1874 – Arnold Schoenberg, Austrian–born composer (d. 1951)
* 1874 – Henry F. Ashurst, American politician (d. 1962)
* 1876 – Sherwood Anderson, American writer (d. 1941)
* 1877 – Wilhelm Filchner, German explorer (d. 1957)
* 1877 – Stanley Lord, English captain (d. 1962)
* 1880 – Jesse L. Lasky, American movie producer (d. 1958)
* 1882 – Ramon Grau, 6th President of Cuba (d. 1969)
* 1883 – Giovanni Pastrone, Italian filmmaker (d. 1959)
* 1884 – Petros Voulgaris, Prime Minister of Greece (d. 1957)
* 1885 – Wilhelm Blaschke, Austrian mathematician and author (d. 1962)
* 1885 – Alain LeRoy Locke, American writer, philosopher and educator (d. 1954)
* 1886 – Robert Robinson, British chemist (d. 1975)
* 1886 – Amelie Beese, German pilot (d. 1925)
* 1887 – Lavoslav Ruzicka, Croatian chemist (d. 1976)
* 1887 – Theodore Roosevelt, Jr., American politician (d. 1944)
* 1890 – Antony Noghès, French businessman (d. 1978)
* 1891 – Max Pruss, German airship commander (d. 1960)
* 1892 – Princess Victoria Louise of Prussia (d. 1980)
* 1893 – Larry Shields, American clarinetist (d. 1953)
* 1894 – J. B. Priestley, British playwright and novelist (d. 1984)
* 1894 – Julian Tuwim, Polish poet (d. 1953)
* 1895 – Morris Kirksey, American athlete (d. 1981)
* 1899 – Corneliu Zelea Codreanu, Romanian, leader of the Iron Guard (d. 1938)

### 1901 – 1950

* 1903 – Claudette Colbert, French–born actress (d. 1996)
* 1904 – Luigi Bertolini, Italian footballer (d. 1977)
* 1908 – Carlos Peucelle, Argentine footballer (d. 1990)
* 1908 – Mae Questel, American actress (d. 1998)
* 1908 – Sicco Mansholt, Dutch politician, 4th President of the European Commission (d. 1995)
* 1909 – Frits Thors, Dutch newscaster (d. 2014)
* 1909 – James A. Rhodes, Governor of Ohio (d. 2001)
* 1911 – Bill Monroe, American Country musician (d. 1996)
* 1912 – Horace W. Babcock, American astronomer (d. 2003)
* 1913 – Tadao Horie, Japanese footballer (d. 2003)
* 1914 – Leonard Feather, British–born jazz pianist, composer and producer (d. 1994)
* 1916 – Roald Dahl, British writer (d. 1990)
* 1918 – Ray Charles, American musician (d. 2015)
* 1918 – Dick Haymes, American singer and actor (d. 1980)
* 1918 – Rosemary Kennedy, sister of John F. Kennedy (d. 2005)
* 1919 – Olle Anderberg, Swedish wrestler (d. 2003)
* 1919 – Mary Midgley, English philosopher and author (d. 2018)
* 1923 – Zoya Ksmodenskaya, Soviet–Russian partisan (d. 1941)
* 1924 – Maurice Jarre, French composer (d. 2009)
* 1924 – Norman Alden, American actor (d. 2012)
* 1925 – Frank Cashen, American Major League Baseball general manager (d. 2014)
* 1926 – Emile Francis, Canadian ice hockey player
* 1927 – Tzannis Tzannetakis, former Prime Minister of Greece (d. 2010)
* 1928 – Robert Indiana, American painter (d. 2018)
* 1929 – Nicolai Ghiaurov, Bulgarian opera singer (d. 2004)
* 1931 – Marjorie Jackson-Nelson, 33rd Governor of South Australia
* 1931 – Barbara Bain, American actress
* 1936 – Stefano Delle Chiaie, Italian activist (d. 2019)
* 1938 – John Smith, British politician (d. 1994)
* 1939 – Arleen Auger, American soprano (d. 1993)
* 1939 – Richard Kiel, American actor (d. 2014)
* 1939 – Larry Speakes, American journalist (d. 2014)
* 1939 – Guntis Ulmanis, former President of Latvia
* 1939 – Bill Janklow, former Governor of South Dakota (d. 2012)
* 1939 – Joel-Peter Witkin, American photographer
* 1940 – Oscar Arias, former President of Costa Rica
* 1941 – Ahmet Necdet Sezer, 10th President of Turkey
* 1941 – Ed Roberts, American inventor (d. 2010)
* 1941 – David Clayton-Thomas, Canadian singer
* 1941 – Tadao Ando, Japanese architect
* 1942 – Hissène Habré, 7th President of Chad
* 1944 – Jacqueline Bisset, British actress
* 1944 – Peter Cetera, American musician
* 1945 – Gertrude Mongella, Tanzanian politician
* 1946 – Frank Marshall, American movie producer, director and actor
* 1948 – Sitiveni Rabuka, 3rd Prime Minister of Fiji
* 1949 – Dennis Pendrith, Canadian bass player
* 1949 – John W. Henry, American businessman
* 1950 – Wlodzimierz Cimoszewicz, 8th Prime Minister of Poland

### 1951 – 1975

* 1952 – Randy Jones, American musician (The Village People)
* 1954 – Shigeharu Ueki, Japanese footballer
* 1955 – Joe Morris, American musician
* 1955 – Colin Moynihan, British politician, Chairman of the British Olympic Association
* 1956 – Anne Geddes, Australian photographer
* 1956 – Alain Ducasse, French chef
* 1957 – Vinny Appice, American drummer
* 1957 – Cesare Bocci, Italian actor and television presenter
* 1958 – Bobby Davro, British comedian
* 1958 – Peter Wirnsberger, Austrian skier
* 1960 – Greg Baldwin, American actor
* 1960 – Hubert Schwarz, German skier and ski jumper
* 1961 – Dave Mustaine, American singer-songwriter, guitarist, producer and actor
* 1962 – Tone Onnepalu, Estonian writer
* 1964 – Tavis Smiley, American talk show host, journalist and writer
* 1964 – Mladen Mladenovic, Croatian footballer
* 1965 – Zak Starkey, British musician
* 1965 – Diego Aguirre, Uruguayan footballer
* 1966 – Maria Furtwaengler, German physician
* 1967 – Michael Johnson, American Olympic Games gold medalist in track and field
* 1967 – Jim "Ripper" Owens, American singer-songwriter and guitarist
* 1969 – Shane Warne, Australian cricketer
* 1969 – Daniel Fonseca, Uruguayan footballer
* 1969 – Tyler Perry, American actor, director, screenwriter and producer
* 1970 – Louise Lombard, British actress
* 1970 – Martin Herrera, Argentine footballer
* 1971 – Goran Ivanisevic, Croatian tennis player
* 1971 – Stella McCartney, British fashion designer
* 1973 – Christine Arron, French runner
* 1973 – Fabio Cannavaro, Italian footballer
* 1974 – Travis Knight, American basketball player
* 1975 – Ian Carey, American DJ and music producer

### From 1976

* 1977 – Fiona Apple, American singer-songwriter and pianist
* 1978 – Peter Sunde, Swedish entrepreneur
* 1979 – Manuel Friedrich, German footballer
* 1980 – Andreas Biermann, German footballer (d. 2014)
* 1980 – Gilberto Ribeiro Gonçalves, Brazilian footballer
* 1980 – Daisuke Matsuzaka, Japanese baseball player
* 1982 – Miha Jupan, Slovenian basketball player
* 1982 – Alison Thewliss, Scottish politician
* 1983 – James Bourne, English singer-songwriter, guitarist and producer
* 1985 – Emi Suzuki, Japanese model and actress
* 1985 – David Jordan, English singer-songwriter
* 1986 – Kamui Kobayashi, Japanese racing driver
* 1987 – Tzvetana Pironkova, Bulgarian tennis player
* 1987 – Fraizer Campbell, English footballer
* 1987 – Luke Fitzgerald, Irish rugby player
* 1988 – Keith Treacy, Irish footballer
* 1989 – Thomas Müller, German footballer
* 1991 – Ksenia Afanasyeva, Russian artistic gymnast
* 1993 – Niall Horan, Irish singer (One Direction)
* 1993 – Alice Merton, German singer
* 1994 – Leonor Andrade, Portuguese singer and actress
* 1995 – Robbie Kay, English actor
* 1996 – Lili Reinhart, American actress

## Deaths

### Up to 1900

* 81 – Titus, Roman Emperor (b. 39)
* 1321 – Dante Alighieri, Italian poet (b. 1265)
* 1409 – Isabella of Valois, Queen of England (b. 1389)
* 1438 – Duarte, King of Portugal (b. 1391)
* 1506 – Andrea Mantegna, Italian painter
* 1557 – John Cheke, English classical scholar (b. 1514)
* 1592 – Michel de Montaigne, French writer (b. 1533)
* 1598 – Philip II, King of Spain (b. 1526)
* 1624 – Ketevan of Kakheti, Christian martyr and Queen of Kakheti, Georgia (b. 1565)
* 1632 – Archduke Leopold V of Austria (b. 1586)
* 1759 – James Wolfe, British general (b. 1727)
* 1806 – Charles James Fox, British politician (b. 1749)
* 1808 – Saverio Bettinelli, Italian writer (b. 1748)
* 1813 – Hezqeyas of Ethiopia, deposed Emperor of Ethiopia
* 1872 – Ludwig Feuerbach, German philosopher (b. 1804)
* 1881 – Ambrose Burnside, US General (b. 1824)

### 1901 – 2000

* 1905 – René Goblet, 52nd Prime Minister of France (b. 1828)
* 1910 – Rajanikanta Sen, Bengali poet and musician (b. 1865)
* 1912 – Joseph Furphy, Australian writer (b. 1843)
* 1915 – Andrew L. Harris, 44th Governor of Ohio (b. 1835)
* 1928 – Italo Svevo, Italian writer (b. 1861)
* 1929 – Jatindra Nath Das, Indian activist (b. 1904)
* 1931 – Lili Elbe, Danish model and painter (b. 1882)
* 1937 – David Robertson, Scottish golfer and rugby player (b. 1869)
* 1941 – Elias Disney, Canadian father of Walt Disney (b. 1859)
* 1944 – W. Heath Robinson, English cartoonist (b. 1872)
* 1944 – Noor Inayat Khan, Indian–British agent (b. 1914)
* 1946 – William Watt, Australian politician, 24th Premier of Victoria (b. 1871)
* 1946 – Eugene Lanceray, Russian painter, sculptor and illustrator (b. 1875)
* 1946 – Amon Goeth, Austrian war criminal (b. 1908)
* 1949 – August Krogh, Danish zoologist, won the 1920 Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine (b. 1874)
* 1960 – Leo Weiner, Hungarian composer and music educator (b. 1885)
* 1967 – Robert George, 24th Governor of South Australia (b. 1896)
* 1971 – Lin Biao, Chinese political leader (b. 1907)
* 1973 – Betty Field, American actress (b. 1913)
* 1976 – Armand Mondou, French–Canadian ice hockey player (b. 1905)
* 1977 – Leopold Stokowski, British conductor (b. 1882)
* 1987 – Mervyn LeRoy, American movie director (b. 1900)
* 1991 – Metin Oktay, Turkish footballer (b. 1936)
* 1991 – Robert Irving, British conductor (b. 1913)
* 1991 – Joe Pasternak, American director (b. 1901)
* 1996 – Tupac Shakur, aka 2Pac, American rapper and actor (b. 1971)
* 1998 – George Wallace, American politician (b. 1919)
* 1999 – Benjamin Bloom, American educational theorist (b. 1913)

### From 2001

* 2001 – Dorothy McGuire, American actress (b. 1916)
* 2002 – George Stanley, Canadian soldier, historian and author (b. 1907)
* 2003 – Frank O'Bannon, Governor of Indiana (b. 1930)
* 2004 – Luis E. Miramontes, Mexican chemist (b. 1925)
* 2005 – Julio César Turbay Ayala, 33rd President of Colombia (b. 1916)
* 2006 – Ann Richards, American politician, Governor of Texas (b. 1933)
* 2008 – Peter Camejo, American politician (b. 1939)
* 2011 – Richard Hamilton, British painter and collage artist (b. 1922)
* 2011 – Walter Bonatti, Italian mountaineer (b. 1930)
* 2012 – Peter Lougheed, Canadian politician, lawyer, and footballer, 10th Premier of Alberta (b. 1928)
* 2012 – Otto Stich, Swiss politician (b. 1927)
* 2013 – Salustiano Sanchez, Spanish–American supercentenarian (b. 1901)
* 2014 – David Cawthorne Haines, Scottish aid worker (b. 1970)
* 2014 – Benjamin Adekunle, Nigerian general (b. 1936)
* 2014 – Frank Torre, American baseball player and manager (b. 1931)
* 2015 – Moses Malone, American basketball player (b. 1955)
* 2017 – Pete Domenici, American politician (b. 1932)
* 2017 – Per Fugelli, Norwegian physician (b. 1943)
* 2017 – Slavko Goldstein, Croatian Jewish writer, Holocaust survivor, publisher and politician (b. 1928)
* 2017 – Grant Hart, American singer–songwriter and musician (b. 1961)
* 2017 – Frank Vincent, American actor (b. 1937)
* 2017 – Basil Gogos, Egyptian–born American magazine cover painter (b. 1929)
* 2017 – Kazimierz Ryczan, Polish Roman Catholic prelate (b. 1939)
* 2018 – Guido Ceronetti, Italian journalist and poet (b. 1927)
* 2018 – Marin Mazzie, American actress (b. 1960)
* 2018 – Albrecht Wellmer, German philosopher (b. 1933)
* 2018 – John Wilcock, British journalist (b. 1927)
* 2018 – Martha Vaughan, American biochemist and physiologist (b. 1926)
* 2019 – Asadollah Asgaroladi, Iranian businessman (b. 1934)
* 2019 – Alex Grammas, American baseball player (b. 1926)
* 2019 – Bruno Grandi, Italian sports executive (b. 1934)
* 2019 – Rudi Gutendorf, German footballer and coach (b. 1926)
* 2019 – Ghulam Shah Jeelani, Pakistani politician (b. 1957)
* 2019 – György Konrád, Hungarian novelist (b. 1933)
* 2019 – Eddie Money, American singer–songwriter (b. 1949)