Rikunarita-ORG/Wikinium huggingface dataset:
# Tom Berenger

Berenger in June 2013
**Tom Berenger** (born **Thomas Michael Moore**; May 31, 1949) is an Emmy Award-winning American movie, television, stage, and voice actor who is known for his roles in *Hatfields & McCoys*, *Platoon*, *Major League*, *Inception*, and *The Big Chill*. He has won an Emmy Award and an Golden Globe Award.

Berenger was born on May 31, 1949 in Chicago, Illinois. He studied at the University of Missouri. Berenger was married to Barbara Wilson from 1976 until they divorced in 1984. Then he was married to Lisa Williams from 1986 until they divorced in 1997. Then he was married to Patricia Alvaran since 1998. He has six children.

## Other websites

* Tom Berenger on IMDb
* Tom Berenger at AllMovie
* Tom Berenger Online
# The Bishop's Wife

The Bishop's Wife is a 1947 American romantic comedy movie directed by Henry Koster and was based on the 1928 novella of the same name by Robert Nathan. It stars Cary Grant, Loretta Young, David Niven, Monty Woolley, Elsa Lanchester, Gladys Cooper, Sara Haden, Karolyn Grimes, James Gleason, Florence Auer and was distributed by RKO Radio Pictures. It won an Academy Award in 1948 and was 4 others and was remade as *The Preacher's Wife* in 1996.

## Other websites

* *The Bishop's Wife* at AllMovie
* *The Bishop's Wife* at the TCM Movie Database
* *The Bishop's Wife* on IMDb
# Dear Brigitte

Dear Brigitte is a 1965 American family comedy movie directed by Henry Koster and based on the 1963 novel *Erasmus With Freckles* by John Haase. It stars James Stewart, Fabian Forte, Glynis Johns, Cindy Carol, Ed Wynn, Brigitte Bardot, Bill Mumy and was distributed by 20th Century Fox.

## Other websites

* *Dear Brigitte* on IMDb
* *Dear Brigitte* at AllMovie
# Bryan Cranston

| Bryan Cranston |
| --- |
| Cranston in 2022 |
| Born | Bryan Lee Cranston  (1956-03-07) March 7, 1956 Los Angeles, California, U.S. |
| Alma mater | Los Angeles Valley College (AS) |
| Occupations | * Actor
* filmmaker
 |
| Years active | 1980–present |
| Works | Full list |
| Spouses | * Mickey Middleton
​ ​(m. 1977; div. 1982)​
* Robin Dearden ​(m. 1989)​
 |
| Children | Taylor Dearden |
| Father | Joseph Cranston |
| Awards | Full list |

**Bryan Lee Cranston** (born March 7, 1956) is an American actor, voice actor, director, producer, and writer.

He is best known for his roles as Hal in *Malcolm in the Middle* and as Walter White in *Breaking Bad*. He has won an Emmy Award for his role in Breaking Bad and a Saturn Award and Tony Award.

Cranston appeared in movies as well. He appeared in *Saving Private Ryan*, *Little Miss Sunshine*, *Argo*, *Godzilla*, as Dalton Trumbo in *Trumbo*, *Kung Fu Panda 3*, *Why Him?*, Zordon in *Power Rangers* and as Phillip Lacasse in *The Upside*.

## Early life

Cranston was born on March 7, 1956 in Los Angeles, California. Cranston studied at Canoga Park High School and at the Los Angeles City College.

## Personal life

Cranston was married to Mickey Middleton from 1977 until they divorced in 1982. He married Robin Dearden in 1989. With Dearden, he has a daughter.

## Other websites

 Media related to Bryan Cranston at Wikimedia Commons

* Bryan Cranston on IMDb
# Claudia (1943 movie)

Claudia is a 1943 American comedy movie directed by Edmund Goulding and was based on the 1941 play of the same name by Rose Franken. It stars Dorothy McGuire, Robert Young, Ina Claire, Reginald Gardiner, Jean Howard, Olga Baclanova and was distributed by 20th Century Fox. It was followed up in 1946 by *Claudia and David*.

## Other websites

* *Claudia* on IMDb
* *Claudia* at AllMovie
* *Claudia* at the TCM Movie Database
# Down Among the Sheltering Palms (movie)

Down Among the Sheltering Palms is a 1953 American musical comedy movie directed by Edmund Goulding and starring David Wayne, Mitzi Gaynor, William Lundigan, Jane Greer, Gloria DeHaven. It was distributed by 20th Century Fox.

## Other websites

* *Down Among the Sheltering Palms* on IMDb
# La Dolce Vita

La Dolce Vita is a 1960 Italian comedy-drama movie. The movie is divided into many sections. It follows Marcello Rubini, a gossip columnist, across seven days and nights in Rome. Marcello Mastroianni plays the gossip columnist.

This movie got very good critical reviews. It became a classic in later years.

## Other websites

* *La Dolce Vita* on IMDb
# The Alamo (1960 movie)

| The Alamo |
| --- |
| 1960 Theatrical Poster by Reynold Brown |
| Directed by | John Wayne |
| Written by | James Edward Grant |
| Produced by | John Wayne |
| Starring | John Wayne Richard Widmark Laurence Harvey |
| Cinematography | William H. Clothier |
| Edited by | Stuart Gilmore |
| Music by | Dimitri Tiomkin |
| Production companies | The Alamo Company United Artists Batjac Productions |
| Distributed by | United Artists |
| Release date | * October 24, 1960 (1960-10-24)
 |
| Running time | 202 min. *(roadshow version)*; 167 min. *(general release version)* |
| Country | United States |
| Language | English  |
| Budget | $12 million est. |
| Box office | $730.4 million(US/ Canada) |

The Alamo is a 1960 American historical-western epic movie about the 1836 Battle of the Alamo. It was produced and directed by John Wayne. The movie starred Wayne as Davy Crockett. The picture also stars Richard Widmark as Jim Bowie. The movie was filmed on location in Texas and released by United Artists. The long 3 hour and 12 minute movie (not counting intermission) was not historically accurate.

## Other websites

* The Alamo (1960), IMDb
# Maddie Blaustein

| Maddie Blaustein |
| --- |
| Born | Adam Joan Blaustein October 9, 1960 Long Island, New York, United States |
| Died | December 11, 2008(2008-12-11) (aged 48) Jersey City, New Jersey, United States |
| Other names | Madeleine Joan Blaustein, Addie Blaustein, Kendra Bancroft |
| Occupation | Voice actress |
| Years active | 1985–2008 |

**Madeleine "Maddie" Blaustein** (October 9, 1960 – December 11, 2008) was an American voice actress. Until her death, Blaustein was the voice of Sartorius in *Yu-Gi-Oh! GX*. She was also the voice of Meowth in the *Pokémon* anime.

## Personal life

Blaustein was born intersex. She was a male when she was born, and lived as male for many years until changing to female.

## Other websites

* Madeleine Blaustein on IMDb
# Chad McQueen

**Chadwick Steven McQueen** (December 28, 1960 – September 11, 2024) was an American actor, movie producer, martial artist, and race car driver. He was best known for his role as Dutch in the 1984 movie *The Karate Kid* and its 1986 sequel. His son is actor Steven R. McQueen.

McQueen was born in Los Angeles, California. His parents were Steve McQueen and Neile Adams. His acting career began in 1978 and he retired from acting in 2001.

In 2020, McQueen suffered a fall and never fully recovered from his injuries. He died on September 11, 2024 from organ failure in Palm Desert, California at the age of 63.

## Other websites

* Chad McQueen on IMDb
* McQueen Racing, LLC
# Frank

The term **Frank** has many meanings:

* Franks, a Germanic people active during the Middle Ages
* The people who live in Franconia (*Franken*) today are calls *Franks*
* A hot dog
* *Frank* (Amy Winehouse album)

## People

* Anne Frank (1929-1945) wrote a diary during the Second World War
* Frank Sinatra (1915-1998), American singer who is one of the most highly acclaimed male popular song vocalists of all time
* Frank Zappa (1940-1993), American musician
# Voluntary association

A **voluntary association** or **union** is a group of individuals who voluntarily enter into an agreement to form a body (or organization) to work together for a purpose.

In most of the cases no formalities are necessary to start an association. But in some jurisdictions, there is a minimum for the number of persons starting an association, in others the association must register with the police or other official body to inform the public of the association's existence. This is not necessarily a tool of political control but much more a way of protecting the economy from fraud.

## Legal status

An unincorporated association has been defined as existing:

"...where two or more persons are bound together for one or more common purposes by mutual undertakings, each having mutual duties and obligations, in an organisation which has rules identifying in whom control of the organisation and its funds is vested, and which can be joined or left at will."
In most countries, an unincorporated association does not have separate legal personality, and nor do members of the association usually enjoy limited liability. However, in some countries they are treated as having separate legal personality for tax purposes.

Associations that are organized for profit or financial gain are usually called partnerships. A special kind of partnership is a co-operative which is usually founded on one man–one vote principle and distributes its profits according to the amount of goods produced or bought by the member. Associations may take the form of a non-profit organization or they may be not-for-profit corporations; this does not mean that the association cannot make benefits from its activity, but all the benefits must be reinvested. Most associations have some kind of document or documents that regulate the way in which the body meets and operates. Such an instrument is often called the organization's bylaws, regulations, or agreement of association.

## Freedom of association

The freedom of association stands in the Universal Declaration of Human Rights:

Article 20
(1) Everyone has the right to freedom of peaceful assembly and association.
(2) No one may be compelled to belong to an association.
## Related pages

* Society

## Footnotes

## Other websites

* Law relating to unincorporated associations Archived 2007-11-02 at the Wayback Machine
* French Association of Epargne and Retraite Archived 2019-05-09 at the Wayback Machine
# Reinforcement learning

**Reinforcement learning (RL)** is teaching a *software agent* how to behave in an environment by telling it how well it's doing. It is an area of machine learning inspired by behaviorist psychology.

Reinforcement learning is different from supervised learning because the correct inputs and outputs are never shown. Also, reinforcement learning usually learns as it goes (online learning) unlike supervised learning. This means an agent has to choose between exploring and sticking with what it knows best.

## Introduction

369x369px
A reinforcement learning system is made of a *policy* ( WIKINIUM\_MATH\_PH\_0 ), a *reward function* ( WIKINIUM\_MATH\_PH\_2 ), a *value function* ( WIKINIUM\_MATH\_PH\_4 ), and an optional *model* of the environment.

A *policy* tells the agent what to do in a certain situation. It can be a simple table of rules, or a complicated search for the correct action. Policies can even be stochastic, which means instead of rules the policy assigns *probabilities* to each action. A policy by itself can make an agent do things, but it can't learn on its own.

A *reward function* defines the goal for an agent. It takes in a state (or a state and the action taken at that state) and gives back a number called the *reward*, which tells the agent how good it is to be in that state. The agent's job is to get the biggest amount of reward it possibly can in the long run. If an action yields a low reward, the agent will probably take a better action in the future. Biology uses reward signals like pleasure or pain to make sure organisms stay alive to reproduce. Reward signals can also be stochastic, like a slot machine at a casino, where sometimes they pay and sometimes they don't.

A *value function* tells an agent how much reward it will get following a policy WIKINIUM\_MATH\_PH\_6 starting from state WIKINIUM\_MATH\_PH\_8 . It represents how *desirable* it is to be in a certain state. Since the value function isn't given to the agent directly, it needs to come up with a good guess or estimate based on the reward it's gotten so far. Value function estimation is the most important part of most reinforcement learning algorithms.

A *model* is the agent's mental copy of the environment. It's used to *plan* future actions.

Knowing this, we can talk about the main loop for a reinforcement learning episode. The agent interacts with the environment in *discrete time steps*. Think of it like the "tick-tock" of a clock. With discrete time, things only happen during the "ticks" and the "tocks", and not in between. At each time WIKINIUM\_MATH\_PH\_10 , the agent observes the environment's state WIKINIUM\_MATH\_PH\_12 and picks an action WIKINIUM\_MATH\_PH\_14 based on a policy WIKINIUM\_MATH\_PH\_16 . The next time step, the agent receives a reward signal WIKINIUM\_MATH\_PH\_18 and a new observation WIKINIUM\_MATH\_PH\_20 . The value function WIKINIUM\_MATH\_PH\_22 is updated using the reward. This continues until a terminal state WIKINIUM\_MATH\_PH\_24 is reached.

## Related pages

The biology behind Reinforcement learning can be found at:

* Operant conditioning
* Reward
# Sokhumi

| Sokhumi
სოხუმი  (Georgian) Аҟәа  (Abkhaz) Сухум(и)  (Russian) |
| --- |
| City |
|  |
| Seal |
| SokhumiLocation of Sokhumi in GeorgiaShow map of AbkhaziaSokhumiSokhumi (Georgia)Show map of Georgia |
| Coordinates: ﻿ / ﻿ |
| Country | Georgia |
| Partially recognized state | Abkhazia |
| Settled | 6th century BC |
| City Status | 1848 |
| Government |
|  • Mayor | Beslan Eshba |
| Area |
|  • Total | 27 km2 (10 sq mi) |
| Highest elevation | 140 m (460 ft) |
| Lowest elevation | 5 m (16 ft) |
| Population (2011) |
|  • Total | 62,914 |
| Time zone | UTC+4 (MSK) |
| Postal code | 384900 |
| Area code | +7 840 22x-xx-xx |
| Vehicle registration | ABH |

**Sokhumi** or **Sukhumi** (Georgian: სოხუმი) is the capital and largest city of the breakaway independent state of Abkhazia.

Sokhumi was a multi-ethnic city. The people were Georgians, Abkhazians (Apsuans), Russians, Turks, Armenians and Greeks during Soviet Rule. During the Georgian-Abkhaz conflict, Georgians in Abkhazia were forced to leave. Most Greeks have also left.
# Transport

Many different types of vehicles including carriages, trams, trains, cars, bicycles, balloons, planes, ships, airships and yachts.
**Transport**, or **transportation**, is moving people or things from one place to another place. Transport can be divided into *infrastructure*, *vehicles* and *operations*.

*Infrastructure* includes cableways, roads, railways, airports, canals and pipelines. The infrastructure is the network where things are carried. Infrastructure also includes airports, railway stations, bus stations and seaports (docks). Infrastructure is usually built by governments and paid for by taxes from the citizens of a country or region. Infrastructure such as roads and railways are designed by civil engineers and urban planners.

*Vehicles* or vessels travel on the infrastructure. Vehicles include cable cars, cars, trucks, trains, spaceships and airplanes. Vehicles are usually designed by mechanical engineers. Vessels include boats, ferries, and barges which travel on canals and use docks and seaports. In the same way that trains use train stations, airplanes use airports. In the same way that trains use railway lines (train tracks), airplanes use flight paths and then fly in the sky.

*Operations* control the system. Operations include traffic signals, railway signals and air traffic control. Operations also include the government policies (a policy is a plan of action to guide decisions and actions) and regulations (a set or group of laws and rules) used to control the system, such as tolls, fuel taxes, and traffic laws.

## Transport and communications

Transport and communication can be used instead of each other (someone could telephone a person rather than visit them). Transport traffic also needs communication. For example, air traffic control lets more airplanes fly. So, an increase of either transport or communication usually leads to an increase in the other one.

## Transport, energy, and the environment

Transport uses a lot of energy. Trams, trolleybuses and trains use electricity and cycling is human-powered. Most transport uses hydrocarbons (oil and gas). This can create pollution. Environmental regulations (laws) and low-pollution fuels (for example liquified natural gas) can reduce pollution. But as more vehicles are used, more pollution is created. Ethanol and biodiesel pollute less than petroleum.

## Kinds of transportation

Mule train
Transport can be by cable, land, water or air:

* Cable using cableways. e.g. cable cars and ski lifts etc.
* Land transport using walking, roads and railway tracks. by bicycles and other vehicles. e.g. buses, cars, trucks, trains, trams, bikes etc.
* Water transport using ships and barges in canals, and in rivers and seas. e.g. ships, submarines, jet skis etc.
* Air transport using airplanes and airports and helicopters. e.g. jets, aeroplanes etc.
* Pipeline

## Other websites

 Media related to Transport at Wikimedia Commons
# Sous

The **Sous region** (also spelt Sus, Suss, Souss or Sousse) is a historical part of Morocco, which is part of the administration of Souss-Massa and Guelmim-Oued Noun. The region is known for the argan tree (which has become a symbol of Souss) as well as for being the capital of the Shilha Berber ethnic group. It is a big commercial and tourist region of the Kingdom. Vegetable production, shared between very big farms and small producers, helps the economic development of the region. The Souss plain produces 40% of Moroccan citrus fruits, and 60% of the production of early vegetables. It was historically a big part of trans-Saharan trade.

## History

Medieval Arab geographers split the Sous region into two sub-regions: al-Sūs al-Aqṣā, or "farther Sus", and al-Sūs al-Adnā, or "nearer Sus". Sus al-Aqsa was the southern/western part, and Sus al-Adna was the northern/eastern part; however, there were never any exact boundaries between the two. The capital of the Sous was at Igli. There was also a ribat at Massa near the Atlantic coast.

## Other websites

* Euratlas Periodis Web - Map of Suss in Year 1600
# Designer

A **designer** is a person who designs or plans how something will look, work, or be made. Designers use their creativity, knowledge and skills to solve problems and create things that are functional, attractive and useful. Some things they might design include automotives, typefaces, clothing, graphics, interiors, products, movies, commercials and websites.

To become a designer, individuals often need to take formal education in design-related fields such as graphic design, fashion design or type design.

Designers work in various industries, including advertising, fashion, architecture and technology. They may work independently as freelancers or as part of design teams within companies or design agencies.

## Types of designers

There are many different types of designers, each specializing in a particular area of design. Some common types of designers include:

* Graphic designers create visual concepts using computer software or by hand to communicate ideas that inspire, inform, or captivate consumers. They design logos, brochures, advertisements, and other materials to convey messages effectively.
* Type designers design fonts and typefaces.

* Fashion designers create hats, purses, bags and shoes. They sketch designs, select fabrics and patterns, and oversee the production of their creations.

* Interior designers plan and design interior spaces to make them both functional and aesthetically pleasing. They consider factors such as layout, color schemes, furniture and lighting.

* Industrial designers develop concepts and designs for manufactured products, such as cars, appliances and electronics.
* Web designers design websites.

## Related pages

* Game designer