Rikunarita-ORG/Wikinium huggingface dataset:
# U.S. state

In the United States, a **state** is a political entity. There are currently 50 of them, and they are bound together in a federation. Each has a government and can make laws over a particular area that the state covers. All states have a shared sovereignty with the U.S. federal government. People who were born or naturalized in states are citizens of both the United States and the state they are in. People can move between states without asking or saying so, unless a court has said they can't. Four states call themselves "commonwealths" in their official names. Washington, D.C. is a federal district and not a state nor in a state.

States divide their territory into counties, or something similar with different name, which are not sovereign. Most states give their counties some government authority; a few states give them none. State governments get their power from the people of that state. States have a number of States' rights under the United States Constitution. States and the people that live in them are represented in the United States Congress, in the Senate and the House of Representatives. Each state also selects electors (an equal number to the number of Senators and Representatives from that state) to vote in the Electoral College, which elects the President of the United States. Puerto Rico, a territory of the United States, is considered as a possible 51st state for the future.

## States of the United States

The 50 states, in alphabetical order, along with each state's flag:

* Alabama
* Alaska
* Arizona
* Arkansas
* California
* Colorado
* Connecticut
* Delaware
* Florida
* Georgia
* Hawaii
* Idaho
* Illinois
* Indiana
* Iowa
* Kansas
* Kentucky
* Louisiana
* Maine
* Maryland
* Massachusetts
* Michigan
* Minnesota
* Mississippi
* Missouri
* Montana
* Nebraska
* Nevada
* New Hampshire
* New Jersey
* New Mexico
* New York
* North Carolina
* North Dakota
* Ohio
* Oklahoma
* Oregon
* Pennsylvania
* Rhode Island
* South Carolina
* South Dakota
* Tennessee
* Texas
* Utah
* Vermont
* Virginia
* Washington
* West Virginia
* Wisconsin
* Wyoming

## Map

*Click on any state to learn more about that state.*

## Related pages

* Insular area
* ISO 3166-2:US
* List of online encyclopedias of U.S. states, encyclopedias typically maintained by state historical societies, universities, or humanities councils
# Municipal corporation

A **municipal corporation** is a term used by the local government. An incorporated town is able to create its own laws. These laws are in addition to the laws of the country, province, or state where the town is located.

Municipal corporation happens when an urban neighborhood becomes a self-governing entity under state laws. After this event, an award or declaration is presented by the municipal charter.

## Municipal charters

A municipal charters is a legal paper that establishes municipality; such as a city or town. This was created in Europe during the Middle Ages time. With a municipal charter, the new towns or cities are given rights.

## Municipal charters by country

### Canada

In Canada, charters are given by the provincial authorities.

### Germany

In Germany, the municipal charters have existed since the Medieval Times.

### India

Municipal building in Bangalore.
In India the municipal corporation has a local government that is in charge of a city population that has 200,000 people or more. Because of the panchayati raj system, the city government has to discuss with the state government. Mumbai, Delhi, Kolkata, Bangalore, Chennai, Hyderabad and Ahmedabad have the biggest municipal corporations. Members are chosen from the wards of the city. The municipal corporations are responsible for roads, public transportation, water supply, records of births and deaths, sanitation that includes waste management, sewage, drainage and flood control, public safety services like fire and ambulance services, gardens and maintenance of buildings. Taxes is where the municipal corporations get their money from to fix problems in their cities.

### Republic of Ireland

In Ireland municipal corporations have been in Ireland since the Medieval Times. In Dublin, the municipal corporation have been there since the 13th century.

### South Africa

In Durban the municipal corporation was called the "Durban Corporation".

### Sweden

In Sweden, cities were made by the royal charter until 1951.

### Philippines

In the Philippines, cities are made by the laws enacted by a lot of national legislatures.

### United Kingdom

In the United Kingdom, cities are made by the royal letter patent.

### United States

In the United States, cities are made by the municipal charters. This is usually followed by a referendum vote.
# Namesake

A **namesake** is a person named after another person. In general, a thing (such as a company, place, ship, building, or idea) named after a person or thing that first had the name.

## Family

Naming a child after a relative, friend, or well-known person is common in the English-speaking world. When a son is named for his father, they add "Jr."/"II", "III'", or another suffix to the name of the son.

## Concepts

Buildings, such as the Trump Tower (named after Donald Trump, and companies, like the Ford Motor Company (named after Henry Ford, are often named for their founders or owners. A city may be named after someone. For example, Lawrence, Kansas is named after Amos Adams Lawrence.

## Other websites
# Mayor–council government

**The Mayor-Council government system,** sometimes called the **Mayor-Commission government system,** is one of two variations of government most commonly used in modern representative municipal governments in the United States.

## Strong-mayor form

Strong-mayor is a form of mayor-council government. It is made up of an executive branch and a legislative branch. Both branches are elected by the people. The executive brance is usually a city mayor. The legislature is usually a city council.
# Aftab Pureval

| Aftab Pureval |
| --- |
|  |
|  |
| 70th Mayor of Cincinnati |
| **Incumbent** |
| **Assumed office**  January 4, 2022 |
| Preceded by | John Cranley |
|  |
| Personal details |
| Born |  (1982-09-09) September 9, 1982 Xenia, Ohio, U.S. |
| Political party | Democratic |
| Spouse(s) |
Whitney Whitis ​(m. 2018)​ |
| Residence | Cincinnati, Ohio, U.S. |
| Education | Ohio State University (BA) University of Cincinnati (JD) |
| Signature |  |
| Website | voteaftab.com |

**Aftab Karma Singh Pureval** (born September 9, 1982) is an American attorney and politician. He is the mayor of Cincinnati since 2022.

On November 2, 2021 with 65.8% of the vote, he was elected as mayor making him the first Asian American to be elected as the mayor of Cincinnati.
# 2020 United States Census

| Twenty-fourth Census of the United States |
| --- |
|

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|  |
| --- |
| **April 1, 2020** |

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| Seal of the U.S. Census Bureau |
| The "Census 2020" logo |
| General information |
| Country | United States |

The **2020 United States Census**, known as **Census 2020**, was the twenty-fourth United States Census. National Census Day was on April 1, 2020.

In 2020, the United States population was 331,449,281, a 7.71% increase from the 2010 Census.

The Department of Commerce announced in March 2018 that the 2020 Census will ask if individuals are United States citizens according to a request from the Trump administration. 11 states (Connecticut, Delaware, Illinois, Massachusetts, New Jersey, New Mexico, Oregon, Pennsylvania, Rhode Island, Washington, California) have said they would sue to block the Trump administration's request.

## Other websites

* 2020 Census from the United States Census Bureau
# Urban area

An urban area of Singapore
An **urban area** is an area where many people live and work close together. The population density is higher than in the surrounding area. It is where buildings are close together. Urban is the opposite of rural, where farm lands and nature are. Urban areas are usually cities and towns. Most of the work available in urban areas is factory and office work. Agricultural work is rare because buildings are close together and there is no space for farm lands.

There are different urban area definitions for each country. The definitions mostly depend on how populated the country is and if the definition shows a true percentage of how urbanized the country is. For example, in Poland an urban area is any place that has the status of a town, whereas in China it is any district, city, or town with a population density higher than 1500 people per square kilometer. The urban population definition for Canadian and Scandinavian countries depends on density. If there is a house every 200 meters it is classified as urban.

A large urban area, with all connected areas (usually developed around some city) is called a Metropolitan area.

## Europe

### Norway

If two buildings are less than 50 m, from other, then both building can be part of an urban area. Exceptions are made due to parks, industrial areas, rivers, and similar things. Groups of houses less than 400 m from the main (group or) body of an urban area, are included in the urban area.

## Related pages

* List of largest cities (includes a list of urban areas)
# Metropolitan area

Satellite image of the New York metropolitan area, the largest metropolitan area in the United States and one of the largest in the world, with Long Island in the east and Manhattan in the image's center.
A metropolitan area usually includes a main city and a series of smaller satellite cities as can be seen in this map of Madrid's metropolitan area (click on the map to enlarge it).
A **metropolitan area** is a metropolis and its surrounding suburbs. The word "metropolitan" comes from two Greek language words meaning "mother" and "city". A metropolitan area may be much larger than its inner city, and its suburbs may be smaller towns and villages which are now connected to the larger city as suburbanization has spread. The biggest such metropolitan area is that of Tokyo. 8.5 million people live in Tokyo itself, 36.5 million live in the *metropolitan area*.

A metropolitan area is a large urban area. The inner city may look little different from the surrounding area of buildings and roads. The entire built-up area is the metropolitan area. The inner city may be near the middle, or to one side. Some urban areas have more than one inner city.

Some places, such as in Australia, have metropolitan government. The entire metropolitan area is included as a part of the city, and the population of the suburban area is considered to be part of the city's population.

Sydney, for example, has a population of approx. 4.5 million people, which includes the population of the suburbs, although there are some places which are part of the Greater Sydney Area, whose population does not count toward the population of Sydney.

## Related pages

* List of largest cities (includes a list of metropolitan areas)
* Metropolis
# Time zone

**Time zones** give specific areas on the Earth a time of day that is earlier or later than the neighboring time zones. This is because when it is daytime on one side of the earth, it is night-time on the other side. There are 24 time zones dividing the earth into different times, each with its own name, like the North American Eastern Time Zone. The North American Eastern Time Zone contains large cities in North America like New York City and Miami.

Greenwich Mean Time (GMT) began in 1675. This was when the Royal Observatory, Greenwich was built to help ships find their longitude at sea. GMT was a standard reference for time keeping when each city kept a different local time. When railways began carrying many people quickly among cities keeping different time, they adopted time zones to simplify operations. By about 1900, almost all time on earth was in the form of standard time zones.

Greenwich Mean Time is now called UTC (Coordinated Universal Time). UTC is the time standard of the world. All other parts of the world are offset (plus or minus) according to their longitude. Most of the zones are offset by a full hour, but there are some offset by half an hour or 45 minutes.

In some parts of the world they follow the Daylight Saving Time (DST), and during this period of time in summer they add one hour to their normal solar hour.

In the poles, the time is UTC in the North Pole and UTC+12 in the South Pole.

The time zones are numbered in relation to the UTC, so in Los Angeles the time zone will be UTC−8, in London UTC+0, in Rome UTC+1, and in New Delhi UTC+5:30.
# Area codes 513 and 283

**Area code 513 and 283** is a telephone area code in the North American Numbering Plan. It covers the southwestern part of Ohio, including cities like Cincinnati, Hamilton, and Middletown. Area code 513 was established in 1947 as one of the original area codes and originally served the entire state of Ohio. Over time, as the demand for phone numbers increased, area code 513 was split by 937 in 1996 and overlaid by 283 on April 28, 2023, although 283 was first introduced back in 2000.
# North American Numbering Plan

The **North American Numbering Plan** (**NANP**) is a telephone numbering plan. It includes 24 countries and territories, including the United States, Canada, Bermuda, and 17 nations of the Caribbean.

There are three-digit area codes and seven-digit telephone numbers.

## Related pages

* List of North American Numbering Plan area codes
# Federal Information Processing Standards

**Federal Information Processing Standards** (**FIPS**) are standards made by the Federal government of the United States for non-military government agencies and by government contractors to use, and they are announced to the public.

Many FIPS standards are modified versions of standards used in the wider community (ANSI, IEEE, ISO, etc.)

## Standard Publications

Some FIPS standards were originally developed by the U.S. government. For instance, standards for encoding data (e.g. country codes), but more significantly some encryption standards, such as the Data Encryption Standard (FIPS 46 Archived 2017-11-18 at the Wayback Machine) and the Advanced Encryption Standard (FIPS 197 Archived 2015-04-07 at the Wayback Machine).

## Other websites

* FIPS homepage
* FIPS resource center Archived 2017-09-09 at the Wayback Machine
* Computer Security Division Archived 2007-02-16 at the Wayback Machine
# Geographic Names Information System

The logo of the United States Geological Survey
The **Geographic Names Information System** (**GNIS**) contains name and location information about more than two million physical and cultural features in the United States of America and its Territories. GNIS was developed by the United States Geological Survey and the United States Board on Geographic Names (BGN) to promote the standardization of feature names.

## Other websites

* U.S. Board on Geographic Names website
* Geographic Names Information System (GNIS)
# County seat

A **county seat** is the location of a county government, and is usually the largest, oldest, or most central town or city within a county. In the United Kingdom and Ireland, the name county town is used rather than county seat.

In the U.S. state of Louisiana, counties are called parishes and have **parish seats** rather than county seats; while in Alaska, counties are called boroughs and have **borough seats**.

## Related pages

* County town
# Ohio River

Map of the Ohio River and its basin, or the land that it drains.
Rising sun on the Ohio river
The **Ohio River** is one of the most important tributaries to the Mississippi River. It is 981 miles long and it forms boundaries for the states of Ohio, Kentucky, Illinois, Indiana, and West Virginia before finally going to its headwaters in Pennsylvania. It is its widest a little to the West of downtown Louisville, where it is one mile wide. Cities on the Ohio River include Evansville, Indiana, Paducah, Kentucky, Cincinnati, Ohio, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania. The river begins in Pittsburgh. The Wabash, Kentucky and the Tennessee Rivers flow into the Ohio.

## Other websites

* **Historic Ohio, the magazine** Archived 2007-10-15 at the Wayback Machine
* **Ohio Historical Preservation Group** Archived 2009-03-27 at the Wayback Machine
* Ohio River Valley Families Online Searchable Database, a genealogy resource
* Image at the confluence with the Mississippi River
* Watershed information Archived 2005-12-26 at the Wayback Machine
* Ohio River Forecast Center, which issues official river forecasts for the Ohio River and its tributaries.
# Steamboat

The Belle of Louisville, an old steamboat that was first called the *Idlewild* and later called the *Avalon*
model of the first steamer, built by Jouffroy d'Albans
The *Stettin* is an icebreaker which is active in the port of Hamburg today. The photo shows the ship in Kiel,
A **steamboat** (also called a **steamship** or **steamer**) is a ship that uses a steam engine or steam turbine to move. At first, these were paddle steamboats. Some had a paddle wheel on the back. Others had two wheels on the sides. Most went down rivers. From about 1836, marine propellers, invented by Josef Ressel, were used. Claude François Jouffroy d’Abbans built the first working steamship in 1783.

There were many steamboats in the 19th century in the United States and other countries. However, the first steamboat was built by John Fitch in 1787. It had many paddles. Fitch tried to make money from the steamboat, but could not do so. He died in 1798, and did not live long enough to see Robert Fulton become the first person to build a steamboat that could make money. In 1807, Fulton built a steamboat that could travel from New York City to Albany in 32 hours. Steamboats became much faster later in the 19th century.

After the middle 19th century paddle steamers became rare, as the marine propeller gave more speed and burned less fuel. The new vessels were suited to the open ocean, and were usually called "steamships". During the 20th century, marine Diesel engines largely replaced steam propulsion.

## Other websites

 Media related to Steamboats at Wikimedia Commons
# Northern United States

Map of the Northern United States shown in blue. Regional definitions vary from source to source.
Nighttime video by the crew of Expedition 29 on board the International Space Station while it passed over the Northern United States.
The **Northern United States**, commonly referred to as the **American North** or simply **the North**, may be either a geographic or a historical term.

Geographically, the term includes the U.S. states and regions of the United States that are located across the northernmost part of the country. It includes but is not limited to states along the Canada–United States border.

## Census Bureau

The United States Census Bureau divides some of the Northern United States into the Midwest Region and the Northeast Region. The Census Bureau also includes the northernmost states of the Northwest, those that are in the West.

## Historical term

Before 19th century westward expansion, the term "Northern United States" was considered to be New England. By the 1830s, New England meant part of the Northeastern United States.

### American Civil War

During the American Civil War, the "Northern United States" meant the states that remained in the United States and were also called the Union states. In that context, the "Southern United States" meant the states that seceded to form the Confederate States. However, some slave states remained in the Union; called the "border states," they may be counted on either side.

## Related pages

* Southeastern United States
* Yankee
# East Coast of the United States

Map of the East Coast of the United States. Only the states that border the Atlantic Ocean are part of the East Coast.
The **East Coast of the United States**, is the Atlantic coastline of the United States. It is also called the "Eastern Seaboard" or "Atlantic Seaboard".

The coastal states are the farthest eastern states of the United States. These states touch the Atlantic Ocean all the way up to Canada. Sometimes people use it to mean only the Northeastern United States. Other times they mean the thirteen original states plus Maine, Washington, D.C. and Florida.
The East Coast has a long history. It was where the first English settlers arrived in the 1600s. Over time, cities grew, and it became a center for trade and culture. Today, cities like New York, Washington D.C., and Boston are very famous.

The region has many different landscapes. There are sandy beaches, rocky shores, and green forests. The weather can change a lot—summers can be hot, and winters can be cold. People enjoy visiting places like Florida for the warm sun or Maine for the beautiful fall colors.

Many people live and work on the East Coast. It has some of the largest cities in the U.S. and many important businesses. It is also home to famous universities, government buildings, and historical sites.

Overall, the East Coast is a special part of the United States. It has a rich history, diverse nature, and many exciting places to visit. Whether people live there or travel there, they find something interesting to enjoy.
# Southern United States

The states that are in red are in the South Region of the United States Census Bureau.
The **Southern United States** (also known as the **Southern States** or the **South**) is a term for the southeast of the United States. All of the states in the Confederacy were in the South, but not all Southern states joined the Confederacy. The slave states that did not join are called the "border states." The Southern States that are the farthest to the south are called the "Deep South."

Even though Arizona, New Mexico, and Southern California are geographically south in the United States, they are usually classified as being part of the Southwest, not the South. Their climate, culture, and ethnic makeup of the Southwest are different from those of the South.

Most of the South is a land of long, hot summers. Winters are mostly short and cool. There is much rainfall. That combination gives the South a long growing season. Important crops include cotton, tobacco, peanuts, and peaches.

Also, the cuisine of the Southern United States is distinct from those of other regions.

As defined by the United States Census Bureau, these states make up the South:

1. Alabama
2. Arkansas
3. Delaware
4. Florida
5. Georgia
6. Kentucky
7. Louisiana
8. Maryland
9. Mississippi
10. North Carolina
11. Oklahoma
12. South Carolina
13. Tennessee
14. Texas
15. Virginia
16. Washington, D.C. (although not a state)
17. West Virginia

The border state of Missouri is also sometimes considered Southern although the Census classifies it as in the Midwest.

Except for Florida and Texas, most of the South had few immigrants, unlike the rest of the United States, in the late 19th and the 20th centuries. Most of the people in the South are of English, Scottish, or Irish ancestry or the descendants of African-American slaves. Some Southerners identify themselves as being of "American" ancestry.