Rikunarita-ORG/Wikinium huggingface dataset:
# Consortium

A **consortium** (which may also be called **syndicate**) is formed by two or more independent companies, individuals, or other economic actors that work together for a limited amount of time, usually to fulfill a purpose. Consortia are common in the building industries, roads and bridges are often built by consortia.

## Overview

Very broadly speaking there are two kinds of consortia:

* Companies doing the same thing associate for a project. This is usually done, because each of the companies alone would not be able to handle the business, or the risk of faliing would be too big for one company alone. Forming a consortium allows these companies (which are not part of the same holding company) to handle the project.
* Companies doing different things unite for a project. Each company acts on its own, and only bears the risks associated with the parts of the job it executes.

The term can be traced to the 16th century, where it developed from *con sortes*, which is the plural of Latin *consors*. It can roughly be translated as *united by fate*. The english word consort probably has the same origin.

The company Airbus started as a consortium of different companies with the aim of building airplanes.

In 1970, they officially formed a *groupement d'intérêt économique* (which is a consortium, in the French legal system). Today, Airbus is a Societas Europaea, a shareholding company under European law. Not all consortia are done for profit: The Unicode consortium wants to promote the Unicode standard. It is a non-profit organisation, based in California.
# National Public Radio

Logo
**National Public Radio** (**NPR**) is an American non-profit media organization headquartered in Washington, D.C., with its NPR West headquarters in Culver City, California. It serves as a national syndicator to a network of over 1,000 public radio stations in the United States. It differs from other non-profit membership media organizations, such as the Associated Press, in that it was established by an act of Congress.

## Shows

The following shows are made by NPR in their studios in Washington, DC and Los Angeles:

* *Morning Edition*, two-hour morning news show
	+ *Weekend Edition*, weekend version of Morning Edition
* *All Things Considered*, two-hour afternoon news show
	+ *Weekend All Things Considered*
* *Talk of the Nation*, npr news call-in show
	+ *Science Friday*, the Friday Talk of the Nation, which's all about science
* *Wait Wait Don't Tell Me*, a weekend news quiz show
* *All Songs Considered*, a music podcast
* *Thistle and Shamrock*, a Celtic music show

The following shows are produced by other people & distributed by npr

* *Car Talk*, a weekly call-in show about auto repair
* *Fresh Air*, a talk show featuring interviews with celebs & entertainment reviews
* *Latino USA*, a weekly 30 minutes show about Latino issues
* *On the Media*, a weekly show 'bout journalism, the Internet and free speech

## NPR and the Gettysburg Address

William R. Rathvon is the only known eyewitness of the Gettysburg Address to have left an audio recording of what he remembered. 1 year before he died in '39, Rathvon's remarks were rec. at Feb 12, '38. It incl. his reading the address itself. The title of the rec. was "I Heard Lincoln That Day - William R. Rathvon, TR Productions". NPR found a copy during a "Quest for Sound" project in '99. NPR allows people to hear the rec. around Lincoln's birthday.

## Other websites

* "Official NPR website". *npr.org*. Retrieved 2010-09-25.
# Golf Manor, Ohio

**Golf Manor** is a village in Hamilton County, Ohio, United States. The population was 3,814 at the 2020 census. Golf Manor is located at ﻿ / ﻿ (39.187109, -84.446365).
# Trumbull County, Ohio

**Trumbull County** is a county in the U.S. state of Ohio. 201,977 people lived there in the 2020 census. The county seat is Warren, which developed industry along the Mahoning River.

Trumbull County is part of the Youngstown-Warren OH Metropolitan Statistical Area.
# Napoleon, Ohio

**Napoleon** is a city in and the county seat of Henry County, Ohio, United States. It is located near the Maumee River. It is 44 miles southwest of Toledo. As of the 2020 census, the city had a total population of 8,862.
# Crescenta Valley

**Crescenta Valley** is a valley located in Los Angeles County, California. It is bordered by the San Fernando Valley and the San Gabriel Valley. The valley was inhabited by the Tongva. During the late 1700s and the early 1800s, the valley was a rural area under the control of Spanish and Mexican real estate. The first American would arrive and settle in the area in 1871. Cities that occupy the Crescenta Valley are Los Angeles, Glendale, and La Cañada Flintridge.
# Dodger Stadium

Dodger Stadium and Downtown Los Angeles
Dodger Stadium in 2015
**Dodger Stadium** is a baseball stadium in Los Angeles, California. It is the home field of the Major League Baseball team called the Los Angeles Dodgers. It was built in 1962, making it one of the oldest ball parks. (Fenway Park in Boston, Massachusetts and Wrigley Field in Chicago, Illinois are older.) It is also the largest baseball park in the MLB by seating capacity.

Dodger Stadium was constructed from 1959 to 1962 at a cost of $23 million dollars. A neighborhood called Chavez Ravine had to be torn down to build the stadium. The Los Angeles Angels rented from the Dodgers from 1962 through 1965, before moving to Anaheim Stadium. The Angels called the ballpark **Chavez Ravine Stadium**.

Over five million people have seen a game in Dodger Stadium. The Dodgers have won six World Series while playing in the stadium, in 1963, 1965, 1981, 1988, 2020 and 2024.

There was talk of tearing down the stadium to build a football stadium, but that never did happen. The stadium is soon be occupied by a gondola lift to connect with Downtown Los Angeles's Union Station.
# Armenian Americans

William Saroyan was a well known Armenian American.
An **Armenian-American or American Armenian** is an American citizen who is Armenian, whether by culture, ethnicity, or religion. During the 2009 Census in the United States, 1,270,000 Americans indicated either full or partial Armenian ancestry.

## History

The first Armenian known to have moved to America is nicknamed "Martin the Armenian". He was one of the settlers in the Jamestown Colony in Virginia. He arrived in Jamestown in 1618, when the colony was only 11 years old. Martin was invited to the colony to raise silk worms. Other Armenians were also brought to the colony but they went back to Europe.

Armenians began to arrive in the United States in high numbers in the late 19th century. However, the influx was intensified when over 100,000 Armenian refugees came after World War I to flee the Armenian Genocide in the Ottoman Empire.

## Other websites

* Information about Armenian-Americans in the United States
* More Information about Armenian-Americans
# Variety (magazine)

*Variety*| Editor-in-Chief | Claudia Eller |
| Andrew Wallenstein |
| Categories | Trade, entertainment |
| Frequency | Weekly |
| Paid circulation | 54,000 |
| Founder | Sime Silverman |
| First issue | Weekly: December 16, 1905 (1905-12-16) (New York City) Dailies: 1933 (1933) (Los Angeles) 1998 (1998) (New York) |
| Company | Variety Media, LLC. (Penske Media Corporation) |
| Country | U.S. |
| Based in | Los Angeles, California, U.S. |
| Language | English |
| Website | www.variety.com |
| ISSN | 0042-2738 |
| OCLC number | 810134503 |

Variety is an American magazine that covers entertainment. It was started by Sime Silverman in New York in 1905. It began as a weekly newspaper reporting on theater and vaudeville. In 1933, Daily Variety, based in Los Angeles, was started. It covers the motion-picture industry. The website Variety.com has entertainment news, reviews, box office results, cover stories, and video and photo galleries. There is also a credits database, production charts and calendar. It has archive content dating back to 1905.

## Related pages

* Hollywood Reporter

## Other websites

* Official website
# American University

**American University** is a private, Methodist university in Washington, D.C.. The university has about 13,019 students. It was founded in 1893. The current president of the university is former U.S. Health and Human Services Secretary Sylvia Mathews Burwell since June 2017.

## Sports

The athletics teams of the university are called the Eagles. They have 9 varsity teams and they compete in the Patriot League.

## Other websites

* American University's Official website
* American Eagles' Official athletics website
# The Athletic

The Atheltic's logo
**The Athletic** is a website that reports and offers opinions on sports. It is a subscription based service, and reports on both local and national sporting events. It's coverage includes professional sports leaques such as the NFL and NHL, as well as college sports, mixed martial arts, and NASCAR. The Athletic began by covering sports in Chicago. It was soon able to expand, first to Toronto, and then to Cleveland. In 2019, The Athletic began to cover sports from the United Kingdom. In July 2023, the company shut down the New York Times' sports department, let go of or moved its sports staff, and started using The Athletic as the new sports section with different leaders.

## Other websites

* Official website
# Manchester Evening News

Manchester Evening News| Type | Daily newspaper |
| Format | Tabloid |
| Owner(s) | Reach plc |
| Editor | Sarah Lester |
| Founded | 1868 (1868) |
| Political alignment | Labour |
| Headquarters | Chadderton, Greater Manchester, England |
| Circulation | 8,344 (as of 2023) |
| ISSN | 0962-2276 |
| OCLC number | 500150526  |
| Website | www.manchestereveningnews.co.uk |

The **Manchester Evening News** is a daily newspaper in Greater Manchester. It started in 1868. It was owned by the Guardian Media Group from 1924 to 2010 when it was sold to Trinity Mirror plc, now called Reach plc.

It is now principally online. The average print daily circulation for the first half of 2021 was 22,107. In the 2018 British Regional Press Awards, it was named Newspaper of the Year and Website of the Year.

*City Life* -- which started as an independent political and cultural magazine for the Manchester area -- was bought by GMG in 1989. In December 2007, *City Life* ceased independent publication, and became a 20-page supplement to the Friday issue of the *Manchester Evening News.*
# Pico Rivera, California

**Pico Rivera** is a city in Los Angeles County, California. It is in the southeastern part of the county, near Whittier and Montebello. The city was formed in 1958 when the communities of Pico and Rivera came together. Those places had been farming towns, but became residential after World War II. At one time, there was a large factory that made Ford cars in Pico Rivera. The city has a large Mexican-American population, with Latinos making up 88% of the population.
# Antelope Valley

**Antelope Valley** is in northern Los Angeles County, California, and the southeast part of Kern County, California. It is a part of the western tip of the Mojave Desert. It is between the Tehachapi, Sierra Pelona, and the San Gabriel Mountains.

The valley was named for the pronghorns that roamed there. They were killed in the 1880s, mostly by hunting, or moved to other areas. The main cities in the Antelope Valley are Palmdale and Lancaster.
# Universal City, California

**Universal City, California** is a unincorporated community within the San Fernando Valley region of Los Angeles, California. The city is home to Universal Studios Hollywood.

## Other websites

* Oak Crest -Universal Ranch 1913
* Universal City 1912
* " Facts and Figures about Universal City" "Souvenir Edition" ©1915 Archived 2010-04-28 at the Wayback Machine
* "Scrapit" Nestor Plant Article Archived 2010-04-28 at the Wayback Machine
* Universal City 1914
# Channel Islands of California

The **Channel Islands of California** are eight islands off the coast of California. They are inside a wide curve of the Pacific Ocean, called a bight, between Santa Barbara and San Diego.

The four northern islands are part of the Transverse Ranges geologic province, and the four southern islands are part of the Peninsular Ranges geologic province.
# Auburn, California

**Auburn** is a city in and the county seat of Placer County, California. Its population was 13,776 during the 2020 census.

Auburn is known for its California Gold Rush history, and is registered as a California Historical Landmark.
# Coastal California

Coastal Carlifornia
**Coastal California**, also known as the California coastline, Golden Coast refers to parts of California near the ocean.

## Geography

Coastal California includes the North Coast, San Francisco Bay Area (including Silicon Valley), Central Coast, and South Coast. The coastline is slowly eroding because of natural processes and it may be happening faster because of climate change. In the last 100 years, the water level has gone to less than 6 in (150 mm) along the coast of California. In the next 100 years, the water is expected to go from less than 6 in (150 mm) to 9 ft (2.7 m), which is a danger to the many houses at the coast.

### Counties

The counties that are part of coastal California are:

South Coast
* Los Angeles
* Orange
* San Diego

Central Coast
* Monterey
* San Benito
* San Luis Obispo
* Santa Barbara
* Santa Cruz
* Ventura

San Francisco Bay Area
* Alameda
* Contra Costa
* Marin
* Napa
* San Francisco
* San Mateo
* Santa Clara
* Solano
* Sonoma

North Coast
* Del Norte
* Humboldt
* Mendocino
# East Bay

A satellite image of the East Bay
South Berkeley, Emeryville, Oakland, Alameda and Bay Bridge
The **East Bay** is a subregion of the San Francisco Bay Area, California, United States.

## Major employers

East Bay's largest employers are:

1. University of California, Berkeley with about 20,000 employees
2. AT&T with around 11,000 employees
3. The U.S. Postal Service with around 10,000 employees
4. Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory with approximately 8,750 employees
5. Chevron Corporation with 8,730 employees
6. Contra Costa County by offering 8,416 jobs
7. Safeway with 7,922 employees
8. Bank of America with 7,081 employees
9. Pacific Gas and Electric Company employing up to 5,200 people
10. New United Motor Manufacturing, Inc. (NUMMI) about 5,100 employees
11. Kaiser Permanente with 4,730 employees
12. Lucky Stores with 4,631 employees
13. Bio-Rad Laboratories with 4,300 employees
14. Wells Fargo with about 4,000 employees
15. Mount Diablo Unified School District with 3,700 employees
16. West Contra Costa Unified School District with 3,360 employees
17. John Muir Medical Center with 3,023

## Other websites

* EBparks.org
# Northern California

The counties of Northern California
**Northern California** (NorCal) is a region of California. The definitions of it vary, but it usually contains the area around San Francisco and Sacramento. About 15 million people live in Northern California.

The upper portion of Northern California is home to the southern end of the Cascade mountain range, which stretches into British Columbia. Mt. Shasta, the Cascade's second highest-peak, is a cultural and religious center.

## Related pages

* Southern California
# Colusa County, California

The location of Colusa County in California

**Colusa County** is a county in the U.S. state of California. It is by the Sacramento River, in the north part of the Central Valley. Its county seat is Colusa. As of 2020, it has 21,839 people. It covers about 1,156 square miles (2,990 km2).
# Pasadena Star-News

Pasadena Star-News| Type | Daily newspaper |
| Format | Broadsheet |
| Owner(s) | Los Angeles Newspaper Group |
| Headquarters | Pasadena, California |
| Sister newspapers | *Los Angeles Daily News* *San Gabriel Valley Tribune* *Whittier Daily News* |
| Website | pasadenastarnews.com |

The Pasadena Star-News is the local daily newspaper for Pasadena, California. The *Star-News* is a member of the Los Angeles Newspaper Group, since 1996. It is also part of the San Gabriel Valley Newspaper Group, along with the *San Gabriel Valley Tribune* and the *Whittier Daily News*.

Ridder Newspapers bought the *Star-News* in 1956; Bernard J. Ridder took over as Publisher. Ridder merged with Knight to form Knight Ridder in 1974. The paper was sold in 1989 to a company owned by William Dean Singleton; the Thomson Corporation bought majority control of the paper a year later. Thomson sold the *Star-News* to Singleton's MediaNews Group in 1996.

The Pasadena Star-News was first published in 1884. The paper was in a building at the corner of Colorado Blvd. and Oakland Avenue for years. This building is now being used by Technique at Le Cordon Bleu College of Culinary Arts and 24 Hour Fitness.

The newspaper also published the *Rose Magazine*.

## Other websites

* Pasadena Star-News website
# Intertitle

**Intertiles** (singular: intertitle) or simply **title cards** (singular: title card) are illustration or simple background image with dropping a title for television programs.
# Josiah Henson

| Josiah Henson |
| --- |
| Josiah Henson in 1877 |
| Born | (1789-05-15)May 15, 1789 Charles County, Maryland, United States |
| Died | May 5, 1883(1883-05-05) (aged 93) Dresden, Ontario, Canada |
| Nationality | American, Canadian |
| Other names | Uncle Tom |
| Occupation(s) | author, abolitionist, minister, colonizer, soldier, army officer |
| Spouse | Nancy Henson |
| Relatives | Matthew Henson |
| Signature |
|  |

**Josiah Henson** (June 15, 1789 – May 5, 1883) was an author, abolitionist, and minister. Born into slavery, he escaped to Upper Canada and founded a settlement and laborer's school for other fugitive slaves at Dawn.

## Other websites
# AFI's 100 Years... 100 Stars

**AFI's 100 Years... 100 Stars** is a list of the top actors in Hollywood history. It was announced by the American Film Institute on June 16, 1999.

The list promised one hundred people on it, but in the end there were only fifty.

As of 2026, of the fifty stars listed, only one is still alive (Sophia Loren). At the time the list was unveiled Katharine Hepburn, Elizabeth Taylor, Shirley Temple, Lauren Bacall, Marlon Brando, Gregory Peck, Kirk Douglas and Sidney Poitier were also still living.

## The list

| # | Male Legends | Female Legends |
| --- | --- | --- |
| 1. | BogartHumphrey Bogart | HepburnKatharine Hepburn |
| 2. | GrantCary Grant | DavisBette Davis |
| 3. | StewartJames Stewart | HepburnAudrey Hepburn |
| 4. | BrandoMarlon Brando | BergmanIngrid Bergman |
| 5. | AstaireFred Astaire | GarboGreta Garbo |
| 6. | FondaHenry Fonda | MonroeMarilyn Monroe |
| 7. | GableClark Gable | TaylorElizabeth Taylor |
| 8. | CagneyJames Cagney | GarlandJudy Garland |
| 9. | TracySpencer Tracy | DietrichMarlene Dietrich |
| 10. | ChaplinCharlie Chaplin | CrawfordJoan Crawford |
| 11. | CooperGary Cooper | StanwyckBarbara Stanwyck |
| 12. | PeckGregory Peck | ColbertClaudette Colbert |
| 13. | WayneJohn Wayne | KellyGrace Kelly |
| 14. | OlivierLaurence Olivier | RogersGinger Rogers |
| 15. | KellyGene Kelly | WestMae West |
| 16. | WellesOrson Welles | LeighVivien Leigh |
| 17. | DouglasKirk Douglas | GishLillian Gish |
| 18. | DeanJames Dean | TempleShirley Temple |
| 19. | LancasterBurt Lancaster | HayworthRita Hayworth |
| 20. | MarxThe Marx Brothers | BacallLauren Bacall |
| 21. | KeatonBuster Keaton | LorenSophia Loren |
| 22. | PoitierSidney Poitier | HarlowJean Harlow |
| 23. | MitchumRobert Mitchum | LombardCarole Lombard |
| 24. | RobinsonEdward G. Robinson | PickfordMary Pickford |
| 25. | HoldenWilliam Holden | GardnerAva Gardner |
# Geraldine Page

**Geraldine Page** (22 November 1924 – 13 June 1987) was an American theater and movie actress. She was nominated for eight Academy Awards during her career. Page was born around Kirksville, Missouri.
# Dennis Hopper

| Dennis Hopper |
| --- |
| Hopper at the 2008 Cannes Film Festival |
| Born | Dennis Lee Hopper (1936-05-17)May 17, 1936 Dodge City, Kansas, U.S. |
| Died | May 29, 2010(2010-05-29) (aged 74) Venice, Los Angeles, California, U.S. |
| Resting place | Ranchos de Taos, New Mexico, U.S. |
| Nationality | American |
| Education | Helix High School |
| Alma mater | Actors Studio |
| Occupations | * Actor
* movie director
* photographer
* painter
 |
| Years active | 1954–2010 |
| Spouses |

Brooke Hayward
​ ​(m. 1961; div. 1969)​

Michelle Phillips
​ ​(m. 1970; div. 1970)​

Daria Halprin
​ ​(m. 1972; div. 1976)​

Katherine LaNasa
​ ​(m. 1989; div. 1992)​

Victoria Duffy
​ ​(m. 1996; sep. 2010)​ |
| Children | 4 |

**Dennis Lee Hopper** (May 17, 1936 – May 29, 2010) was an American actor, movie director, and photographer. He has appeared in many movies and television shows, since the 1950s.

## Early life

Hopper was born on May 17, 1936 in Dodge City, Kansas. He spent his life in Kansas City, Missouri, and in San Diego, California. Hopper studied to be an actor at Helix High School and at the Actors' Studio. Hopper has two brothers.

## Career

Hopper is probably best known for directing, co-writing, and starring in the Oscar-nominated movie *Easy Rider* (1969). In 1994, Hopper had a role in the thriller movie *Speed*. He has a star on the Hollywood Walk of Fame.

## Personal life

Hopper was married to Brooke Hayward from 1961 until they divorced in 1969. Hopper was then married to Michelle Phillips from 1970 until they divorced weeks later. He was married to Daria Halprin from 1972 until they divorced. He was later married to Katherine LaNasa from 1989 until they divorced in 1992. Hopper was married to Victoria Duffy from 1998 until they divorced in 2010, months before his death. Hopper had 3 daughters and a son.

### Lawsuit

Hopper once insulted actor Rip Torn after he said "Texans are hippie-hating rednecks" and was sued for a total of $475,000 dollars.

### Illness and death

On October 29, 2009, his manager announced that Hopper had prostate cancer. He was terminally ill. He died of the disease on May 29, 2010 in Venice, California. He was 74. He was buried at Ranchos de Taos, New Mexico. *Alpha and Omega* was his last movie and was dedicated to his memory.

## Other websites

 Media related to Dennis Hopper at Wikimedia Commons

* Dennis Hopper on IMDb
# Shirley Knight

Shirley Knight
**Shirley Knight Hopkins** (July 5, 1936 – April 22, 2020) was an American movie, stage and television actress. Knight was born in Goessel, Kansas.

Knight was nominated twice for the Academy Award for Best Supporting Actress for her roles in *The Dark at the Top of the Stairs* and *Sweet Bird of Youth*. She played Ruth in the TV show *Thirtysomething*, Edith Niedelmeyer in *Color of Night* and Edie Danziger in *Diabolique*.

She also starred as Phyllis Van De Kamp in *Desperate Housewives*. Knight also played Mrs. Blart in *Paul Blart: Mall Cop*.

She won a Golden Globe, a Tony and three Emmy Awards.

Knight died of natural causes on April 22, 2020, at her daughter's home in San Marcos, Texas. She was 83.
# Ichthyology

**Ichthyology** is the scientific study of fish.
The term **Ichthyology** is derived from the Greek words *ichthyus*, meaning fish, and *logos*, meaning knowledge.
It includes hagfish and lampreys (jawless fish), cartilagenous fish (such as sharks, skates and rays) (Chondrichthyes) and bony fishes (Osteichthyes).

A person who studies fish is called an *ichthyologist*.