Rikunarita-ORG/Wikinium huggingface dataset:
# A Vindication of the Rights of Woman

Title page from the first American edition of *Rights of Woman*
A Vindication of the Rights of Woman: with Strictures on Political and Moral Subjects is a book written by Mary Wollstonecraft in 1792. Today, it is known as one of the first books about feminism. In the 18th century, some people thought that women should not get a formal education. Wollstonecraft wrote this work as a reply to them. She says that women should have an education that fits their position in society. She says women are very important to the nation, because it is women who usually educate their children. She says that an educated woman can also be companions to their husbands, rather than just uneducated wives. Wollstonecraft does not see women as ornaments to society, or property to be traded in marriage. She argues that they are human beings, and therefore deserve the same basic rights men have.

In 1791, Charles-Maurice de Talleyrand-Périgord wrote a report to the French National Assembly. In this report, he argued, that women should only receive a very basic education.
Wollstonecraft used this report to write her reply. She also led an attack on the sexual double standards the society of the day had. She also indicted men for encouraging women to indulge in lots of emotion. Wollstonecraft wrote the *Rights of Woman* quickly so that she could directly respond to ongoing events; she wanted to write a more thoughtful second volume, but died before doing so.

Wollstonecraft calls for equality between the sexes in particular areas of life, such as morality, but she does not write that men and women are equal in all things. This has made it difficult to classify Wollstonecraft as a modern feminist as they believe men and women are equal in all things. She could not use either the word or the concept of *feminism*, because they were only developed later. Today, many people believe that her work was not received well, but this may be wrong. People who believe this also believe that Wollstonecraft was as reviled during her lifetime as she became after the publication of William Godwin's *Memoirs of the Author of A Vindication of the Rights of Woman* (1798). However, the *Rights of Woman* was actually well-received when it was first published in 1792. One biographer has called it "perhaps the most original book of [Wollstonecraft's] century".
# Seneca Falls Convention

The **Seneca Falls Convention** was a meeting of people who supported Women's rights. It was at Seneca Falls, New York in on July 19 and July 20, 1848.

Elizabeth Cady Stanton, a women's rights activist, wrote a "Declaration of Sentiments" which talked about what changes needed to happen. One of these ideas was that men and women are equal, The document argued that women were treated like slaves, which at the time was common because of women's lack of rights compared to men.

Many of the activists at the Convention were Quakers. Quakerism is a pacifistic sect of Christianity.

At the Convention, the activists created a document called the Seneca Falls Declaration. Over one hundred activists signed the document. Not all of these activists were women; men signed too. One man at the meeting was Frederick Douglass.

## Unequal rights

At the time of the Convention, women did not have the right to vote, sign contracts, or buy property. If they were married, they had to give any money they earned to their husbands. Women were also paid less than men.

### Divorce

Many women who wanted divorces couldn't get them because the marriage laws were unequal and favored men. Many women were simply not allowed to divorce because of the rules at the time.

At the time, divorce was fault-based. A person who wanted a divorce needed specific proof that their spouse did something wrong. These things included cheating or cruelty. This is similar to old Catholic marriage.

Even though the Seneca Falls Convention did not directly help with the rights women have during marriage and divorce, women's rights were accelerating and movements at the time were working to make women equal. This convention and others like them helped women's suffrage and were important in taking the small steps needed to create change.
# Freedom from Want (Norman Rockwell)

| Freedom from Want |
| --- |
|  |
| Artist | Norman Rockwell |
| Year | 1943 |
| Medium | oil on canvas |
| Dimensions | 116.2 cm × 90 cm (45.75 in × 35.5 in) |
| Location | Norman Rockwell Museum, Stockbridge, Massachusetts, United States |

Freedom from Want is a painting by Norman Rockwell and is one of his series of four paintings called the *Four Freedoms*. Rockwell was inspired to make these paintings since he heard the *Four Freedoms Speech* of American President Franklin D. Roosevelt of January 6, 1941.

## Background

This painting was made public in *The Saturday Evening Post* of March 6, 1943, along with an essay of Carlos Bulosan. The other paintings of the *Four Freedoms* series are *Freedom of Speech*, *Freedom of Worship* and *Freedom from Fear*, and were shown in other editions of the paper.

The painting shows a classical American family at Thanksgiving when a turkey is served during a meal. He took Vermont neighbors as models for his series.

Rockwell wanted to portray a family within a theme of continuity, virtue, homeliness and abundance without extravagance, as confirmed by water as the modest beverage choice. Outside the United States though, the images was explained as an expression of American overabundance.

There have been made many parodies of the painting. New York painter Frank Moore (1953-2002) made a painting in 1994 with Americans of different human race with the title *Freedom to Share*, whilst the turkey plate is full with medicines. Of Moore's painting have been made parodies as well.

Walt Disney has made a well known parody with Mickey and Minnie Mouse and several other Disney figures at the table. Furthermore the image has been used for many advertising goals, political campaigns and picture postcards.

The paintings toured through the United States with the motto *Buy War Bonds*. All together 1.2 million Americans saw the paintings and 132 million dollar was collected to be used in World War II.

The painting can be found in the Norman Rockwell Museum in Stockbridge, Massachusetts.

* Parts of this article are derived from the article on English Wikipedia
# Butternut squash

| *Cucurbita moschata* 'Butternut' |
| --- |
| Ripe butternut squash |
| Species | *Cucurbita moschata* |
| Hybrid parentage | 'Gooseneck squash' × 'Hubbard squash' |
| Breeder | Charles Leggett |
| Origin | 1940s in Stow, Massachusetts, United States |

Butternut squash cut lengthwise showing seeds
Butternut pumpkin (Australian term)
**Butternut squash** (*Cucurbita moschata*), sometimes known in Australia and New Zealand as **butternut pumpkin** or **gramma**, is a type of winter squash that grows on a vine. It has a sweet, nutty taste similar to that of a pumpkin. It has tan-yellow skin and orange fleshy pulp with a compartment of seeds in the blossom end.
# Jingle Bells

"**Jingle Bells**" is a popular American winter song about riding through the snow in a sleigh. It was written by James Lord Pierpont (1822–1893) of Medford, Massachusetts. It was published under the title "One Horse Open Sleigh" in the autumn of 1857. It was written to be sung for Thanksgiving. It is also sung at Christmas. It is sung at Christmas so much that most people believe it is a Christmas song, but it is not.

## Jingle Bells piano

## Song lyrics

> Dashing through the snow
>
>
>
> in a one-horse open sleigh,
>
> over the fields we go,
>
> laughing all the way.
>
> Bells on bob tail ring,
>
> making spirits bright
>
> What fun it is to ride and sing
>
> a sleighing song tonight.
>
> Jingle bells, jingle bells,
>
> jingle all the way.
>
> O, what fun it is to ride
>
> in a one-horse open sleigh.
>
> Jingle bells, jingle bells,
>
> jingle all the way.
>
> O, what fun it is to ride
>
> in a one-horse open sleigh.
>
> A day or two ago
>
> I thought I'd take a ride,
>
> and soon Miss Fannie Bright
>
> was seated by my side.
>
> The horse was lean and lank,
>
> misfortune seemed his lot,
>
> he got into a drifted bank
>
> and we, we got upsot.
>
> Jingle bells, jingle bells,
>
> jingle all the way.
>
> O, what fun it is to ride
>
> in a one-horse open sleigh.
>
> Jingle bells, jingle bells,
>
> jingle all the way.
>
> O, what fun it is to ride
>
> in a one-horse open sleigh.
>
> Now the ground is white,
>
> go it while you're young,
>
> Take the girls tonight
>
> and sing this sleighing song.
>
> Just get a bobtailed bay,
>
> two-forty for his speed,
>
> Then hitch him to an open sleigh,
>
> and crack! You'll take the lead.
>
> Jingle bells, jingle bells,
>
> jingle all the way.
>
> O, what fun it is to ride
>
> in a one-horse open sleigh.
>
> Jingle bells, jingle bells,
>
> jingle all the way.
>
> O, what fun it is to ride
>
>
>
> in a one-horse open sleigh.
>
> — James Lord Pierpont, Jingle Bells

## Gallery

* Chorus of "Jingle Bells"
* Plaque at 19 High Street, Medford, Massachusetts
* Historical marker in Savannah, Georgia
* One horse sleigh
# Macy's Thanksgiving Day Parade

The Macy's Thanksgiving Day Parade in 1979.
The **Macy's Thanksgiving Day Parade** is a parade that happens every Thanksgiving. It is held in Manhattan, New York City. It is presented, distributed and produced by chain store business Macy's. It was provided and started in 1924. The parade often includes many balloons, floats, celebrities, songs and more. It ends with the arrival of Santa Claus, which marks the start of the Christmas and holiday season. The hosts of *The Today Show* also host this event by introducing new acts in the parade. It is broadcasted on NBC.

## Other websites

* Official website Archived 2013-08-17 at the Wayback Machine
# Illinois's 1st congressional district

| Illinois's 1st congressional district |
| --- |
| Interactive map of district boundaries since January 3, 2023 |
| Representative |

|  |  |
| --- | --- |
|   | Jonathan Jackson D–Chicago |

 |
| Area | 621.6 sq mi (1,610 km2) |
| Population (2023) | 751,575 |
| Median household income | $67,268 |
| Ethnicity | * 49.7% Black
* 36.1% White
* 9.2% Hispanic
* 2.7% Two or more races
* 2.0% Asian
* 0.4% other
 |
| Cook PVI | D+20 |

**Illinois's first congressional district** is a congressional district in the U.S. state of Illinois. It is in Cook County. The district includes much of the South Side of Chicago and continues southwest to Joliet.

The district is currently represented by Jonathan Jackson who was elected in 2022.
# John Reynolds (Illinois politician)

| John Reynolds |
| --- |
|  |
|  |
| 4th Governor of Illinois |
| **In office** December 6, 1830 – November 17, 1834 |
| Lieutenant | * Zadok Casey
* William Lee D. Ewing
 |
| Preceded by | Ninian Edwards |
| Succeeded by | William Lee D. Ewing |
| Member of the U.S. House of Representatives from Illinois's 1st district |
| **In office** December 1, 1834 – March 3, 1837 |
| Preceded by | Charles Slade |
| Succeeded by | Adam W. Snyder |
| **In office** March 4, 1839 – March 3, 1843 |
| Preceded by | Adam W. Snyder |
| Succeeded by | Robert Smith |
| Member of the Illinois House of Representatives |
| **In office** 1826-1830 1846-1848 1852-1854 |
| Justice of the Illinois Supreme Court |
| **In office** 1818–1825 |
| Preceded by | *Office established* |
| Succeeded by | Samuel D. Lockwood |
|  |
| Personal details |
| Born | (1788-02-26)February 26, 1788 Montgomery County, Pennsylvania, U.S. |
| Died | May 8, 1865(1865-05-08) (aged 77) Belleville, Illinois, U.S. |
| Political party | Democratic |
| Spouse(s) | Married twice |
| Profession | Politician, lawyer |
| Signature |  |

**John M. Reynolds** (February 26, 1788 – May 8, 1865) was an American lawyer and politician. He was a justice of the Illinois Supreme Court from 1818 to 1825. Reynolds won several elections to the Illinois House of Representatives. He was also a member of the United States House of Representatives and was the fourth Governor of Illinois from 1830 to 1834.

Reynolds published *Pioneer History of Illinois* and a large autobiography titled *My Own Times*.
# Oscar Stanton De Priest

| Oscar Stanton De Priest |
| --- |
|  |
|  |
| Member of the U.S. House of Representatives from Illinois's 1st district |
| **In office** March 4, 1929 – January 3, 1935 |
| Preceded by | Martin B. Madden |
| Succeeded by | Arthur W. Mitchell |
|  |
| Personal details |
| Born | (1871-03-09)March 9, 1871 Florence, Alabama |
| Died | May 12, 1951(1951-05-12) (aged 80) Chicago, Illinois |
| Resting place | Graceland Cemetery, Uptown, Chicago |
| Political party | Republican |
| Spouse(s) | Jessie De Priest |
| Children | Laurence W. De Priest Oscar Stanton De Priest, Jr. |

**Oscar Stanton De Priest** was an American Republican politician and civil rights advocate. He served as a U.S. Representative from the state of Illinois. During his three terms, he was the only African American serving in Congress.

De Priest proposed a law barring discrimination in the Civilian Conservation Corps (CCC). The CCC was program of the New Deal to employ people across the country in building infrastructure. His proposal was made a law by President Franklin D. Roosevelt.

In 1929, De Priest made national news. First Lady Lou Hoover invited his wife, Jessie, to a traditional tea for congressional wives at the White House. In reaction several newspapers published a racist poem called *Niggers in the White House*. The poem was first published when Booker T. Washington dined with President Theodore Roosevelt.
# Bobby Rush

| Bobby Rush |
| --- |
|  |
|  |
| Member of the U.S. House of Representatives from Illinois's 1st district |
| **In office** January 3, 1993 – January 3, 2023 |
| Preceded by | Charles Hayes |
| Succeeded by | Jonathan Jackson |
| Chicago City Alderman for the 2nd Ward |
| **In office** 1983–1993 |
| Preceded by | William Barnett |
| Succeeded by | Madeline Haithcock |
|  |
| Personal details |
| Born | Bobby Lee Rush  (1946-11-23) November 23, 1946 Albany, Georgia, U.S. |
| Nationality | American |
| Political party | Democratic |
| Spouse(s) |
Sandra Milan
​ ​(m. 1967; div. 1974)​
Carolyn Thomas
​ ​(m. 1981; died 2017)​ |
| Children | 7 |
| Residence | Chicago, Illinois, U.S. |
| Alma mater | Roosevelt University (B.G.S.) University of Illinois at Chicago (M.A.) McCormick Seminary (M.A.) Illinois Institute of Technology (Ph.D.) |
| Occupation | * Politician
* civil rights leader
* pastor
 |
| Website | House website |
| Military service |
| Allegiance |  United States |
| Branch/service |  United States Army |
| Years of service | 1963–1968 |

**Bobby Lee Rush** (born November 23, 1946) is an American politician, civil rights leader and pastor. Rush is the U.S. Representative for Illinois's 1st congressional district. He was first elected in 1992 and took office in 1993. He retired in 2023. The district was located in the South Side of Chicago.

A member of the Democratic Party, Rush is the only politician to have defeated Barack Obama in an election, which he did in the 2000 Democratic primary for Illinois' 1st congressional district.

A civil rights activist during the 1960s, Rush became radicalized for a period and founded the Illinois chapter of the Black Panthers.

In 1999, Rush ran for Mayor of Chicago, but lost in the Democratic primary to incumbent Richard M. Daley.

In 2015, Rush endorsed Mayor Rahm Emanuel in Emanuel's run-off reelection campaign against Jesus "Chuy" Garcia.

On January 3, 2022, he announced that he was retiring from the U.S. House of Representatives.

## Other websites

* Congressman Bobby Rush official U.S. House site
* Bobby Rush at the Open Directory Project

* Biography at the *Biographical Directory of the United States Congress*

* Voting record maintained by *The Washington Post*

* Biography, voting record, and interest group ratings at Vote Smart

* Campaign finance reports and data at the Federal Election Commission
* Rush Appearances on C-SPAN
# Morgan F. Murphy

Murphy in 1973
**Morgan Francis Murphy** (April 16, 1932 – March 4, 2016) was an American politician. He was born in Chicago, Illinois. He was a member of the United States House of Representatives representing Illinois's 2nd district. He served from 1973 through 1981. He replaced Abner J. Mikva. He later served as a U.S. representative for Illinois's 3rd district. He served from 1971 through 1973.

Murphy died in Chicago, Illinois from prostate cancer on March 4, 2016. He was aged 83.
# Robin Kelly

| Robin Kelly |
| --- |
|  |
|  |
| Member of the U.S. House of Representatives from Illinois's 2nd district |
| **Incumbent** |
| **Assumed office**  April 11, 2013 |
| Preceded by | Jesse Jackson Jr. |
| Chair of the Democratic Party of Illinois |
| **Incumbent** |
| **Assumed office**  March 3, 2021 |
| Preceded by | Karen Yarbrough |
| Member of the Illinois House of Representatives from the 38th district |
| **In office** January 8, 2003 – January 12, 2007 |
| Preceded by | Harold Murphy |
| Succeeded by | Al Riley |
|  |
| Personal details |
| Born | Robin Lynne Kelly  (1956-04-30) April 30, 1956 New York City, New York, U.S. |
| Political party | Democratic |
| Spouse(s) |
Nathaniel Horn ​(m. 2003)​ |
| Children | 2 |
| Education | Bradley University (BA, MA) Northern Illinois University (PhD) |
| Website | House website |

**Robin Lynne Kelly** (born April 30, 1956) is an American politician. She is the U.S. Representative from Illinois's 2nd congressional district since 2013. She is a Democrat.

Kelly was in the Illinois House of Representatives from 2003 to 2007. She then was chief of staff for Illinois State Treasurer Alexi Giannoulias until 2010.

In May 2025, Kelly announced she would be retiring from the U.S. House to run for the U.S. Senate in 2026. She lost the Democratic nomination to Lieutenant Governor Juliana Stratton in the Democratic primary in March 2026.
# Delia Ramirez

| Delia Ramirez |
| --- |
|  |
|  |
| Member of the U.S. House of Representatives from Illinois's 3rd district |
| **Incumbent** |
| **Assumed office**  January 3, 2023 |
| Preceded by | Marie Newman |
| Member of the Illinois House of Representatives from the 4th district |
| **In office** December 21, 2018 – January 3, 2023 |
| Preceded by | Cynthia Soto |
| Succeeded by | Lilian Jiménez |
|  |
| Personal details |
| Born |  (1983-06-02) June 2, 1983 Chicago, Illinois, U.S. |
| Political party | Democratic |
| Spouse(s) | Boris Hernandez |
| Education | Northeastern Illinois University (BA) |
| Website | Campaign website |

**Delia Ramirez** (born June 2, 1983) is an American politician. She is the member of the U.S. House of Representatives from Illinois's 3rd congressional district since 2023. Ramirez was a member of the Illinois House of Representatives for the 4th district from 2018 to 2023. She was the first Guatemalan American elected to the Illinois General Assembly.

She was the Democratic nominee for the United States House of Representatives to represent Illinois' 3rd congressional district in 2022. She won the November 2022 general election.

Ramirez is the daughter of immigrants from Guatemala. She was raised in Chicago's Humboldt Park neighborhood. She studied at Northeastern Illinois University.
# Illinois's 5th congressional district

| Illinois's 5th congressional district |
| --- |
| Wikimedia | © OpenStreetMapInteractive map of district boundaries since January 3, 2023 |
| Representative |

|  |  |
| --- | --- |
|   | Mike Quigley D–Chicago |

 |
| Area | 158.3 sq mi (410 km2) |
| Distribution | * 100.0% urban
* 0.0% rural
 |
| Population (2023) | 754,102 |
| Median household income | $107,501 |
| Ethnicity | * 71.3% White
* 11.7% Hispanic
* 10.7% Asian
* 3.3% Two or more races
* 2.4% Black
* 0.5% other
 |
| Cook PVI | D+19 |

The **5th congressional district** of Illinois is a congressional district that covers parts of Cook and DuPage counties.

All or parts of Chicago, Elmhurst, Elmwood Park, Franklin Park, Hinsdale, La Grange Park, Norridge, Northlake, River Grove, Schiller Park, and Oakbrook Terrace are included.

It has been represented by Democrat Mike Quigley since a special election in April 2009.

## List of living former Representatives

| Representative | Term in office | Date of birth (and age) |
| --- | --- | --- |
| Bill Lipinski | 1983–1993 |  (1937-12-22) December 22, 1937 |
| Michael Patrick Flanagan | 1995–1997 |  (1962-11-09) November 9, 1962 |
| Rod Blagojevich | 1997–2003 |  (1956-12-10) December 10, 1956 |
| Rahm Emanuel | 2003–2009 |  (1959-11-29) November 29, 1959 |
# Melissa Bean

| Melissa Bean |
| --- |
|  |
|  |
| Member of the U.S. House of Representatives from Illinois's 8th district |
| **In office** January 3, 2005 – January 3, 2011 |
| Preceded by | Phil Crane |
| Succeeded by | Joe Walsh |
|  |
| Personal details |
| Born | Melissa Luburich  (1962-01-22) January 22, 1962 Chicago, Illinois, U.S. |
| Political party | Democratic |
| Spouse(s) | Alan Bean (m. 1985) |
| Education | Oakton College Roosevelt University (BA) |

**Melissa Bean** (née **Luburich**; born January 22, 1962) is an American politician who was the U.S. representative for Illinois's 8th congressional district from 2005 to 2011. Bean is a member of the Democratic Party. She is the nominee to win back her old seat in the 2026 election.

## Other websites

 Media related to Melissa Bean at Wikimedia Commons

* Biography at the *Biographical Directory of the United States Congress*

* Voting record maintained by *The Washington Post*

* Biography, voting record, and interest group ratings at Vote Smart

* Campaign finance reports and data at the Federal Election Commission
* Profile at SourceWatch
* Appearances on C-SPAN
# Jan Schakowsky

| Jan Schakowsky |
| --- |
|  |
|  |
| Member of the U.S. House of Representatives from Illinois's 9th district |
| **Incumbent** |
| **Assumed office**  January 3, 1999 |
| Preceded by | Sidney R. Yates |
|  |
| Personal details |
| Born | Janice Danoff  (1944-05-26) May 26, 1944 Chicago, Illinois, U.S. |
| Political party | Democratic |
| Spouse(s) | Harvey Schakowsky (1965–1980) Robert Creamer (1980–present) |
| Children | 2 (with Schakowsky) |
| Education | University of Illinois at Urbana–Champaign (BS) |

**Janice Danoff Schakowsky** /ʃəˈkaʊski/ (born May 26, 1944) is an American politician. She is the U.S. Representative for Illinois's 9th congressional district since 1999. She is a member of the Democratic Party.

In April 2025, Schakowsky announced she would not run for re-election in 2026.

## Other websites

* Congresswoman Jan Schakowsky official U.S. House website
* Jan Schakowsky for Congress
* Jan Schakowsky at the Open Directory Project

* Biography at the *Biographical Directory of the United States Congress*

* Voting record maintained by *The Washington Post*

* Biography, voting record, and interest group ratings at Vote Smart

* Campaign finance reports and data at the Federal Election Commission
# Bob Dold

| Bob Dold |
| --- |
|  |
|  |
| Member of the U.S. House of Representatives from Illinois's 10th district |
| **In office** January 3, 2015 – January 3, 2017 |
| Preceded by | Brad Schneider |
| Succeeded by | Brad Schneider |
| **In office** January 3, 2011 – January 3, 2013 |
| Preceded by | Mark Kirk |
| Succeeded by | Brad Schneider |
|  |
| Personal details |
| Born | Robert James Dold Jr.  (1969-06-23) June 23, 1969 Evanston, Illinois, U.S. |
| Political party | Republican |
| Spouse(s) | Danielle Dold |
| Children | 3 |
| Education | Denison University (BA) Indiana University, Bloomington (JD) Northwestern University (MBA) |

**Robert James "Bob" Dold Jr.** (born June 23, 1969) is an American politician. He was the U.S. representative for the 10th congressional district of Illinois. Dold served from 2011-2013, as well as 2015-2017. In the 2016 election, he lost to Congressman Brad Schneider. Robert is a member of the Republican Party.