Rikunarita-ORG/Wikinium huggingface dataset:
# Industrialisation

The Upper Furnace Pool of the Coalbrookdale foundries. It provided water to power the bellows for the blast furnaces, and the turning and grinding machines. The railway viaduct was built in 1862–64, and still carries trains taking coal to the Ironbridge power station.
New factories, built during industrialisation. This is a drawing made around 1860
The effect of industrialisation shown by rising income levels since 1500. The graph shows the gross domestic product (at purchasing power parity) per head between 1500 and 1950 in 1990 equivalent dollars for selected nations.
**Industrialisation** (or **industrialization**) is a process that happens in countries when they start to use machines to do work that was once done by people. Industrialisation changes the things people do. Industrialisation caused towns to grow larger. Many people left farming to take higher paid jobs in factories in towns.

Industrialisation is part of a process where people adopt easier and cheaper ways to make things. Using better technology, it becomes possible to produce more goods in a shorter amount of time. More things can be produced by fewer people.

After industrialisation people also do more specialised jobs. For example before industrialisation, a cobbler made the whole shoe. He worked on one pair of shoes, finished that, and then did the next pair of shoes. Industrial shoemaking involves many people in making shoes in a factory. An individual worker has a smaller task, however. One person cuts the sole of the shoe. Another person stitches it on. In short there is division of labour. They make even more shoes when they use cutting machines, sewing machines and other special machines. The factory may be owned by a rich person who can afford the machines, or by a company.

Industrialisation started in England with the industrial revolution in the 18th century. It spread first to parts of Europe, and to North America. In the 20th century industrialisation spread to most other countries.

## Related pages

* Industrial revolution
* Urbanization
# German Americans

German Americans**AmericanGermanGerman Americans** are an ethnic group of American citizens of German ancestry. According to the United States Census Bureau, in 2013 there were 46 million Americans who claimed some German ancestry. In parts of the Northern United States they outnumber any other ethnic groups. In Wisconsin, for example, 41% of the population is German-American. They are the largest ethnic group in the United States.
There are also Germans Americans of Danube Swabians Background
# Fortune 500

The **Fortune 500** is a list of the companies in the United States with the most revenue. It is created by *Fortune* magazine. The first list was published in 1955.
# Kroger

**Kroger** is a retail supermarket chain in the United States. As of 2010, it had 3,619 stores. Bernard Kroger opened the first Kroger store in 1883 in Cincinnati, Ohio. The company's headquarters are still in Cincinnati today. In 1999, the company merged with Fred Meyer, Inc.
# Procter & Gamble

Procter & Gamble|  |
| Headquarters | United States  |
| Revenue | 65,299,000,000 United States dollar (2016)  |
| Operating income | 13,441,000,000 United States dollar (2016)  |
| Net income | 10,604,000,000 United States dollar (2016)  |
| Total assets | 127,136,000,000 United States dollar (2016)  |
| Number of employees | 105,000 (2016)  |

**Procter & Gamble** (P&G) is an American corporation. The company is in downtown Cincinnati, Ohio. It was founded in 1837 by William Procter and James Gamble. It mostly has a wide range of cleaning products and hygienic products.

Before selling Pringles to Kellogg's, P&G's products also included food and drink.

Products produced by P&G include Crest, Ivory soaps, Tide laundry detergent and Prell shampoo. In the 1880s, they created Ivory soap, a product that floats in water.

In April 1985, the moon & stars symbol was removed from its packaging, because its stars resembled "666", the Satan symbol.

In January 2005, P&G announced they were buying Gillette, a company known for making razors and razor blades for shaving. P&G used to make Duracell batteries. The company makes Braun products and Oral-B toothbrushes.

P&G got out of the food business in 2012 when they sold Pringles to the Kellogg's food company. P&G had also sold Jif peanut butter, Crisco shortening and Folgers' coffee.

Procter and Gamble produced and sponsored the first serial dramas during the 1930s. Because of P&G being known for detergents, these serial dramas started being called soap operas. With television in the 1950s and 1960s, soap operas, such as *Guiding Light*, went from the radio to CBS television. The last P&G produced show, *As the World Turns*, left television in 2010. The only soap opera partially produced by P&G remaining on air is *The Young and the Restless* on CBS. From May 1964 to June 1999, P&G produced and sponsored *Another World* on the NBC network.
# United States Court of Appeals for the Sixth Circuit

| United States Court of Appeals for the Sixth Circuit |
| --- |
| (6th Cir.) |
|  |
|  |
| Location | Potter Stewart U.S. Courthouse(Cincinnati, Ohio) |
| Appeals from | * Eastern District of Kentucky
* Western District of Kentucky
* Eastern District of Michigan
* Western District of Michigan
* Northern District of Ohio
* Southern District of Ohio
* Eastern District of Tennessee
* Middle District of Tennessee
* Western District of Tennessee
 |
| Established | June 16, 1891 |
| Judges | 16 |
| Circuit Justice | Brett Kavanaugh |
| Chief Judge | Jeffrey Sutton |
| www.ca6.uscourts.gov |

The **United States Court of Appeals for the Sixth Circuit** (in case citations, **6th Cir.**) is a federal court which has appellate jurisdiction over the district courts in Kentucky, Ohio, Michigan and Tennessee.

The court is made up of sixteen judges. It is based at the Potter Stewart U.S. Courthouse in Cincinnati, Ohio. It is one of 13 United States courts of appeals.

## Other websites

* United States Court of Appeals for the Sixth Circuit
* Recent opinions from FindLaw
# Xavier University

**Xavier University** (/ˈzeɪviər/ *ZAY-vee-ər*) is a co-educational Jesuit, Catholic university located in Norwood, an enclave of Cincinnati, Ohio, United States. It was established in 1831.

The school is the sixth-oldest Catholic and fourth-oldest Jesuit university in the nation. Xavier has an undergraduate enrollment of 4,485 students and graduate enrollment of 2,165. Xavier is primarily an undergraduate, liberal arts institution.

## Other websites

* Official website
* Xavier Athletics website
# University of Cincinnati

The entrance to the University of Cincinnati campus.
The **University of Cincinnati** is a public university in Cincinnati, Ohio. The university has about 41,357 students. It was founded in 1819. The current president of the university is Gregory H. Williams.

## Sports

The athletics teams of the university are called the Bearcats. They have 18 varsity teams and they compete in the Big 12 Conference.

## Other websites

* University of Cincinnati's Official website
* Cincinnati Bearcats' Official athletics website Archived 2006-10-19 at the Wayback Machine
# Cincinnati Bengals

| Cincinnati Bengals |
| --- |
|  *Current season* |
| **Established 1968Play** in Cincinnati, Ohio |
|  |
|

 |
| League/conference affiliations |
|
American Football League (1968-1969)
* Western Division (1968-1969)

**National Football League (1970–present)American Football Conference (1970-present)**
	+ AFC Central (1970-2001)
	+ **AFC North (2002-present)**
 |
| **Current uniform** |
|  |
| Team colors | Black, Orange, White |
| Mascot | Who Dey |
| Personnel |
| Owner(s) | Mike Brown |
| Head coach | Zac Taylor |
| Team history |
| * **Cincinnati Bengals (1968–present)**
 |
| Championships |
| **League championships (0)** |
| **Conference championships (2)AFC:** 1981, 1988, 2021
 |
| **Division championships (6)AFC Central:** 1970, 1973, 1981, 1988, 1990
* **AFC North:** 2005, 2009, 2013, 2021
 |
| Home fields |
| * Nippert Stadium (1968-1969)
* Riverfront Stadium (1970-1999)
	+ a.k.a. Cinergy Field (1996-99)
* **Paycor Stadium (2000-present)**
 |

The **Cincinnati Bengals** are a professional American football team in Cincinnati, Ohio. They are currently members of the North Division of the American Football Conference (AFC) in the National Football League (NFL). Their first season, 1968, was as an American Football League franchise, but they joined the NFL as part of the 1970 AFL-NFL Merger. Their current quarterback is Joe Burrow.

The Bengals' stadium is Paycor Stadium, in Downtown Cincinnati. Their uniforms are an orange, black, or white jersey with tiger stripes and black or white pants.

The team chose its name for the fierce and dangerous big cat called the Bengal tiger.

## Other websites

* Cincinnati Bengals official web site
* Sports E-Cyclopedia.com
* Bengals History Archived 2007-05-10 at the Wayback Machine
# Cincinnati Reds

The **Cincinnati Reds** are a Major League Baseball team from Cincinnati, Ohio, are the oldest team in professional baseball, established in 1869. The team was known as the Cincinnati Red Stockings until 1878, when the team changed the name to the current Cincinnati Reds. The Reds joined the National League in 1876 The Reds have won World Series championships in 1919, 1940, 1975, 1976 and 1990. The strong Reds teams of the 1970s were nicknamed "The Big Red Machine". From 1912 to 1970, the Reds home stadium was Crosley Field, from 1970-2002 home games were played at Riverfront Stadium. Since 2003 the Reds have played home games at Great American Ball Park.

## Other websites

* Official Website
# Northwest Territory

The **Northwest Territory** is a former organized incorporated territory in the United States. It was made on July 13, 1787 and succeeded merged into Indiana Territory and the Statehood of Ohio on March 1, 1803.
# Continental Army

The **Continental Army** was the fighting force of the thirteen British colonies in the American Revolutionary War. It was created in 1775 by the First Continental Congress. Most of the army was disbanded in 1783 after the conclusion of the war. The army was officially closed by a resolution of Congress in 1784. A Legion of the United States partly replaced it in 1792, and the United States Army replaced it in 1796.

Congress elected George Washington as the commander-in-chief of the Continental Army when it was formed. He led the army until it was disbanded.
# Roman dictator

A **dictator** was the senior magistrate of the Roman Republic. They were regularly appointed from the earliest period of the Republic down to the Second Punic War.

Dictators had the full authority of the state to deal with a military emergency or to undertake a specific duty. The right of the Tribune of the plebs to veto his actions was extremely limited. However, to prevent the dictatorship from threatening the state itself, limitations were placed on his powers. A dictator had a clear sphere of authority. He had to resign once his task was done, or after six months.

After the Second Punic War, no dictators were appointed for over a century. Then the idea was revived by Sulla, and later by Caesar. Sulla was a tyrant, and Caesar was murdered soon after becoming dictator.

The office was formally abolished after the death of Caesar, and not revived under the Empire.
# Lake Erie

Lake Erie shown in darker blue
**Lake Erie** is one of the Great Lakes in North America. It is the second to the last in the Great Lake system before water flows into the St. Lawrence River. Like Lake Superior, Lake Huron, and Lake Ontario, Lake Erie is part of the boundary between the USA and Canada. In 1813 a naval battle was fought on the lake.

Most of the water that flows into Lake Erie flows through a small river, the Detroit River, that moves water down from Lake St. Clair past Detroit, Michigan. Some more water flows into Lake Erie from other rivers, including the Maumee and the Cuyahoga. At the foot of the Maumee is Toledo, Ohio. At the bend of the Cuyahoga is Cleveland, Ohio.

Water that flows out of Lake Erie flows past Buffalo, New York, and into the Niagara River. The river pours over Niagara Falls, one of the largest waterfalls in North America, and then into the lowest of all the Great Lakes, Lake Ontario.
# Levi Coffin

| Levi Coffin |
| --- |
| A drawing based on a c. 1850 engraving |
| Born | (1798-10-28)October 28, 1798 Guilford County, North Carolina, U.S. |
| Died | September 16, 1877(1877-09-16) (aged 78) Avondale, Cincinnati, Ohio, U.S. |
| Resting place | Spring Grove Cemetery, Cincinnati, Ohio |
| Occupation(s) | Farmer Pork Packing Merchant Banking |
| Known for | his work with Underground Railroad |
| Political party | Whig Republican |
| Board member of | Western Freedman's Society Second State Bank of Indiana |
| Spouse | Catherine White |
| Relatives | Lucretia Coffin Mott (cousin) |
| Signature |
|  |

**Levi Coffin** (October 28, 1798 – September 16, 1877) was an American Quaker, Republican, abolitionist, farmer, businessman and humanitarian. He was very active in the Underground Railroad. The Underground Railroad was a network that helped slaves escape. As he was an active leader of that organization is Indiana and Ohio., some people called him "President of the Underground Railroad". They estimated that three thosand fugitive slaves passed through his care. The Coffin home in Fountain City, Wayne County, Indiana is a museum today. At times, it was called d the Underground Railroad's "Grand Central Station".

Coffin was born near what became Greensboro, North Carolina. Even when he was a child, Coffin came to see what slavery looked like, and he soon came to oppose it. His family emigrated to Indiana in 1826. Slaveholders were persecuting Quakers more and more. Because of their beliefs, Quakers did not own slaves. Instead, many helped slaves escape.

In Indiana, Coffin settled near the National Road with other Quakers in Wayne County, Indiana, near the Ohio border. He farmed, and became a local merchant and business leader. Coffin grew wealthy from his various businesses assisting neighbors and travelers in the important transit corridor. Coffin became a major investor in and director of the local Richmond branch of the Second State Bank of Indiana in the 1830s. At that time, Richmond was the Wayne County seat. His financial position and standing in the community also helped supply food, clothing and transportation for Underground Railroad operations in the region.

His friends in the anti-slavery movement urged Coffin to move south. In 18476, he moved to the city of Cincinnati, which was an important port on the Ohio River. There he ran a warehouse, that sold only free-labour goods. Coffin abandoned the idea after a decade, because the business was not profitable. Despite this, he was able to help hundreds of slaves, between 1847 and 1857. He lodged them in his Ohio home, which was across the river from Kentucky, and not far from Virginia. Both Kentucky and Virginia were slave states, until slavery was abolished after the American Civil War.

In the last years of his life, Coffin traveled around the Midwest, as well as overseas to France and Great Britain, where he helped form aid societies to provide food, clothing, funds and education to former slaves. Coffin retired from public life in the 1870s, and wrote an autobiography, *Reminiscences of Levi Coffin*, published in 1876, a year before his death.
# Deep South

The "Deep South" (dark red): Louisiana, Mississippi, Alabama, South Carolina and Georgia
The term "Deep South" refers to the lower states in the Southern United States. It is also part of the "Bible Belt". The core states of the Deep South are Louisiana, Mississippi, Alabama, South Carolina and Georgia. North Florida, East Texas and South Tennessee are often included as part of the "Deep South". These areas relied heavily on plantation farming with slaves in the pre-Civil War era.

These states are racially diverse, where African Americans and White Americans form a majority or plurality in many areas. These states are generally socially conservative. Politically they are labelled as "Red States", because the people largely vote for the Republican Party, which is socially conservative and right-wing.
# Underground Railroad

The **Underground Railroad** was a secret network of routes and safe houses in the United States. Black slaves used the Underground Railroad to escape from slavery. It was created in the early 1800s, and was at its biggest between 1850 and 1860. The term “Underground Railroad” also describes the abolitionists, both black and white, free and enslaved, who helped the slaves along the way.

Routes on the Underground Railroad led to free states, Canada, Mexico and overseas. While traveling along these routes, slaves received help from abolitionists and those who had sympathy to their cause. British North America was another popular stopping point. Slavery was not allowed there, and its long border gave many points of access. More than 30,000 people were said to have escaped there using the network at its best, although U.S. Census statistics shows only 6,000.

One statistic suggests that by 1850, about 100,000 slaves had escaped to freedom by the "Railroad".

The Underground Railroad fugitives' stories are recorded in the Underground Railroad Records.

## Related pages

* Harriet Tubman
# 1920 United States Census

| Fourteenth Census of the United States |
| --- |
| **U.S. Census Bureau Seal** |
| General Information |
| Date Taken | January 5, 1920 |
| Total U.S. Population | 106,021,537 |
| Percent Change |  15.0% |
| Most Populous State | New York 10,385,227 |
| Least Populous State | Nevada 77,407 |
| Population Schedule |

The **Fourteenth United States Census** was done by the Census Bureau in January 1920. It found the population of the United States to be 106,021,537. This was an increase of 15.0 percent from the 1910 Census.

## Other websites

 Media related to 1920 United States Census at Wikimedia Commons
# Butler County, Ohio

| Butler County |
| --- |
| County |
| Butler County Courthouse |
| Seal |
| Location within the U.S. state of Ohio |
| Ohio's location within the U.S. |
| Coordinates: ﻿ / ﻿ |
| Country |  United States |
| State |  Ohio |
| Founded | May 1, 1803 |
| Named for | General Richard Butler |
| Seat | Hamilton |
| Largest city | Hamilton |
| Area |
|  • Total | 470 sq mi (1,200 km2) |
|  • Land | 467 sq mi (1,210 km2) |
|  • Water | 3.1 sq mi (8 km2)  0.7% |
| Population (2020) |
|  • Total | 390,357 |
|  • Density | 830/sq mi (320/km2) |
| Time zone | UTC−5 (Eastern) |
|  • Summer (DST) | UTC−4 (EDT) |
| Congressional district | 8th |
| Website | www.butlercountyohio.org |

**Butler County** is a county in the U.S. state of Ohio. In 2020, 390,357 people lived there. The county seat is Hamilton.
# Urban fantasy

**Urban fantasy** is a subgenre of fantasy that uses supernatural elements in an urban setting. The combination lets the writer create classic fantasy tropes, plot-elements, and unusual characters without having to create of an entire imaginary world.

Urban fantasy became more popular in fiction during the 19th century. Much of its audience was created in the 1930s-50s. The genre's current publishing popularity began in the 1980s in North America, as writers and publishers began to write more Urban Fantasy because of the success of Stephen King and Anne Rice.

## Characteristics

Urban fantasy combines imaginary/unrealistic elements of plot, character, theme, or setting with a mostly normal world.Urban fantasy combines normal things and the strange. These strange elements may exist secretly in the world or may happen openly. Fantastic parts of the story may be magic, paranormal beings, mythic or folk-tale plots, or thematic tropes (such as a quest, or a battle of good and evil). Authors may use current urban myths, use fictional technologies, or established supernatural characters and events from folklore, literature, film, or comics.

The urban part of the story is usually found in the setting—usually a large or small city—or even a suburban community in a metropolitan area. Use of technology (such as vehicles or communications) and everyday community and social buildings (such as libraries, schools/universities, or markets) create the context of the story. The time where the action happens may be in the recent past or the near future. The city-setting can be used to create a tone, move the plot, or may even be a character itself.

Urban fantasy is most often a sub-genre of low fantasy (where magical events mix with a normal world) and/or hard fantasy (which is when magic is something understandable and explainable), and stories may be found in the sub-genres of horror, occult detective fiction, or the different "punk" genres. Common themes include friendships or conflict between humans and other beings, and the changes such characters and events bring to local life.
# Filet-O-Fish

A McDonald's Filet-O-Fish sandwich
The **Filet-O-Fish** (or **Fish Fillet Burger** in Indonesia) is a fish sandwich. It is sold by McDonald's. It was introduced in 1962 by Lou Groen, a McDonald's franchise owner in Cincinnati, Ohio. The Filet-O-Fish has a battered fried fish fillet, a half slice of American cheese and tartar sauce on a bun.
# Sacramento Kings

| Sacramento Kings |
| --- |
|

|  |  |
| --- | --- |
|  | *2025–26 Sacramento Kings season* |

 |
|  |
| Conference | Western |
| Division | Pacific |
| Founded | 1923 |
| History | **Rochester Seagrams** 1923–1942 **Rochester Eber Seagrams** 1942–1943 **Rochester Pros** 1943–1945 **Rochester Royals** 1945–1957 **Cincinnati Royals** 1957–1972 **Kansas City-Omaha Kings** 1972–1975 **Kansas City Kings** 1975–1985 **Sacramento Kings** 1985–present |
| Arena | Golden 1 Center |
| Location | Sacramento, California |
| Team colors | Purple, slate gray, black       |
| Main sponsor | Blue Diamond Growers |
| President | John Rinehart |
| General manager | Monte McNair |
| Head coach | Doug Christie |
| Ownership | Vivek Ranadivé |
| Affiliation(s) | Stockton Kings |
| Championships | **1** (1951) |
| Conference titles | **1** (1951) |
| Division titles | **5** (1949, 1952, 1979, 2002, 2003) |
| Retired numbers | **12** (1, 2, 4, 6, 6, 11, 12, 14, 16, 21, 27, 44) |
| Website | www.nba.com/kings |
|  |
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| --- | --- | --- |
|

**Association** |

**Icon** |

**Statement** |
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**City** |

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The **Sacramento Kings** are an American professional basketball team in the National Basketball Association (NBA) in Sacramento, California. They began playing in the National Basketball Association in 1948. They play their home games at Golden 1 Center (their last arena being Sleep Train Arena (formally known as Arco Arena)). Notable players that played for the Kings include: Chris Webber, Jason Williams, Mike Bibby, Vlade Divac, Peja Stojaovic, Doug Christie, DeMarcus Cousins and DeAaron Fox.

## Other websites

* Official website