# Tram

A tram in Moscow, which has one of the largest existing tram networks in the world
Streetcars in Toronto--a city that operates the largest streetcar system in North America.
A double deck tram in London, 1910. Double decker trams were commonplace in Great Britain and Dublin before tramways were torn up in the 1950s and 1960s
A **tram** (**tramcar**, **streetcar** or **trolley**) is a passenger vehicle that is like a light train. It carries people to places within a city. Because a single tram can carry many people at the same time, riding on a tram instead of driving a car is a good way to help prevent pollution and stop the roads getting too busy.

The word *tram* is used mainly outside North America, while within North America these vehicles are called *streetcars* as they run mainly on streets. In some areas the cars are called *trolleys* as the carry a trolley pole on the roof.

More modern and larger trams manufactured since the 1970s, such as the one in the second picture from Warsaw, are called **light rail vehicles**. These vehicles are bigger because they are very often made of two or more parts, with a bendy section in the middle which works like a human joint. In railway jargon, these types of vehicles are called "articulated". These may often have their own right-of-way instead of travelling on the street and their stops are usually farther apart than the stops of trams so that they can travel faster.

On Market Street in San Francisco, vintage streetcars from the 1910s through the 1940s, called "historic streetcars" (the *F Market* line), that travel on the street are a popular tourist attraction. Another city whose trams are highly used by tourists is Hong Kong, because here the trams have two floors which is very rare in the world.

The largest tram networks in the world are in: Melbourne, St. Petersburg, Amsterdam, Berlin, Moscow and Vienna.

## History

Tram networks around the world:
  Countries with tram networks
  Countries without tram networks

Trams first came into use in the 1830s, and were pulled by horses, and sometimes called horsecars. Step by step these were replaced by electric trams.

From the 1900s to 1930s, in many metropolitan areas in North America, there were special bigger and longer streetcars that travelled long distances to distant suburbs and towns on what were called *interurban* lines. These streetcar lines sometimes had "dedicated tracks" with their own right-of-way (land surrounding the tracks) and made fewer local stops.

In the late 1940s and early 1950s, in the United States, there was a conspiracy by Standard Oil, General Motors, and Firestone Rubber. They formed a company called National City Lines to buy streetcar systems, tear up the tracks, and replace them with buses in almost all the cities in North America. They did this so they could make bigger profits by selling more oil, buses, cars and rubber tires. This conspiracy is somewhat referred to in the 1988 film Who Framed Roger Rabbit. Because of this, it was necessary to spend hundreds of millions of dollars of public funds in the 1980s and 1990s to reconstruct the streetcar systems as light rail systems using light rail vehicles.

* A PESA 120N light rail vehicle in Warsaw
* A double-decker tram in Hong Kong
* A Metrolink tram in the United Kingdom

## Related pages

* Light rail
* Rapid transit
* Bus