# Tutlayt Tajapunit

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| Tutlayt Tajapunit |
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| Tamazirt : |  Japun |
| Adɣar : | Tamazirt n Japun |
| Amḍan n imsawaln : | ~128 imlyunen (2020) |
| Ism n imsawaln : | Ijapuniyn |
| Tawja : | Tutlayin tijapuniyn |
| Agmmay n tirra : | Kanji - Kana - Katakana - Hiragana |
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| **Isngal n tutlayt** |
| ISO 639-1 : | ja |
| ISO 639-2 : | jpn |
| ISO 639-3 : | jpn |
| Glottolog : | nucl1643 |
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| **Takarḍa** |
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**Tajapunit** (日本語 *nihongo,* (ssfld as)) tga yat tutlayt tasyanit n lqblt. Ar sis sawaln 125 n umlyun n middn, ɣ Japun zwar, tamazirt nna ɣ tga tutlayt tanamurt. Tkcm ɣ twja n tutlayin tijapuniyin-tiryukiyin, d ur nssin mad tucka i tutlayin ann yaḍn. Illa mad isman tutlayin tijapuniyin d tutlayt n Aynu, niɣd tutlayt takuriyt, niɣd tutlayt talṭayit, macc ḥtta yat ɣ tannayin ad ur ttawqbal ɣ dar imusnawn.

Tajapunit ur d tucki ɣ tutlayt tacinwit, waxxa ar ttyara s iskkiln nns. Yan ugḍam mqqurn n umawal ajapuni yucka d ɣ tcinwit. Ar ttyara ula s iskkiln yaḍnin ur gin icinwiyn: ism nnsn Hiragana d Katakana.

## Amzruy

Yat tasna ɣ uḍriṣ n Manyucu, yan izli aqbur s tutlayt tajapunit.
Aylli ittussan f tjapunit n uzmz aqbur idrus acku ur ta tkcim tirra s Japun zɣ Cinwa.

Tajapunit taqburt nttat ad igan tikli akk iqburn ittussann n tutlayt ad. Azuzzr n ddin n tbudit nttan ad yiwin angraw n tirra acinwi s Japun. Iḍṛiṣn akk iqburn ɣ Japun ttyuran s tcinwit taklasikit, maca iẓḍaṛ ad ttuɣrn s tjapunit s tɣarast n kanbun. Kra n iḍṛiṣn ad gisn laṭṛ n tjṛṛumt tajapunit, zund anmala n tguriwin (amyag dat n uskkin).

Tajapunit n tuẓẓumt (1185-1573) tbḍa f sin: tin uzmz n Kamakura, d tin uzmz n Murumaci. Azmz n Kamakura (1185-1333) ittussan s samuray d tafyudalit. Azmz ad badln gis imslitn: /au/ infl s /ɔː/, d imsli /p/ ikcm zɣ Cinwa.

## Tirra

### Amzruy

Tirra tkcm s Japun s talɣa n ungraw n tirra acinwi, zɣ tmazirt n Bakji dat n tasut tiss 5. Lliɣ txla Bakji tɣra Japun i imusnawn n Cinwa bac ad lmdn uggar f ungraw n tirra acinwi. Imusnawn ad zzuzzrn iskkiln icinwiyn ɣ Japun zɣ tasur tiss 7 ar tasut tiss 8.

Ar tssmras tutlayt tajapunit sin ingrawn n tirra:

* Ikanjitn
* Ikanatn (gis Hiragana d Katakana)

Iẓḍar yan ad isnfl ikanatn s kra n tmatarin mẓẓinin bac ad fkn imslitn yaḍnin. Llant snat tmatarin: *dakutin* (゛) d *handakutin* (゜). S umdya:

#### Dakutin

* か + *dakutin* = が *ga*
* さ *sa* → ざ *za*
* た *ta* → だ *da*
* は *ha* → ば *ba*

#### Handakutin

* は *ha* + *handakutin* = ぱ *pa*.

### Kana (s hiragana d katakana)

## Amawal

llan kraḍ iɣbula mqqurnin n umawal ɣ tutlayt tajapunit, *yamaṭu kuṭuba* (大和言葉) nɣ d *wagu* (和語), *kangu* (漢語), d *gayraygu* (外来語).

Asidf n umawal nna d yuckan ɣ tutlayin n Urupa, *gayraygu*, ibda d urṭṭal zɣ tabṛṭqqizt ɣ tasut tiss 16. Dffir, ibda uṛṭṭal zɣ thulanḍiyt (ar as ttinin s tjapunit: *rangaku*, 蘭学) ɣ uzmz n Iḍo. Lliɣ tnnurẓm Japun ɣ uzmz n Miji ɣ tasut tiss 19 ibda uṛṭṭal zɣ tutlayin ad: talimant, tafṛansist d tanglizt. Ɣilad tutlayt tanglizt ad igan aɣbalu izwarn nna yakkan tiguriwin i tutlayt tajapunit.

## Tinml

Tisdawiyin timqranin ɣ umaḍal as ssaqrant tutlayt tajapunit. Ula kra n tinmal n imẓyanen ar ssaqrant tutlayt ad. Ɣayad ibadl bahra f uzmz dat n uqryan amaḍlan wiss sin, lliɣ ɣar 65 n umirikni issn i ad yara d ad yaqqra d ad irms tutlayt ad.

## Tisaɣulin

## Ẓṛ uggar

* Iskkiln icinwiyn

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|  | Ẓṛ ula Wikipidya s **Tajapunit**, asamu ilelli |