# Minimalizam

Primer minimalizma u arhitekturi, Muzej umetnosti u Bregenzu u Austriji, arhitekte Petera Cumthora
**Minimalizam** ili **minimalistička umetnost** (1960—1975) je umetnički pokret koji odbacuje komentarisanje društva, lični izraz umetnika, narativne elemente ili aluzije na istoriju, politiku ili religiju. Bazira se na stvaranju predmeta, slika, skulptura i muzike čija je vrednost isključivo estetskog karaktera. Minimalisti su ograničili svoje delovanje na manipulaciju elementima kao što su boja, tonovi, oblici, linije i tekstura. Prvi koji je koristio termin minimalizam bio je kritičar David Burljuk u izložbenom katalogu umetnika Džona Grahama na izložbi slika koja je održana u galeriji Dadensajng u Njujorku, 1929. godine. Kasnije, šezdesetih godina dvadestog veka, to ime je dobio celi jedan pokret. Još neki nazivi za minimalizam su: **ABC umetnost** i **reduktivizam**. Ovaj pokret je rezultat reakcije na pretencioznost apstraktnog ekspresionizma i prima uticaje od pop umetnosti, kubizma i konceptualne umetnosti, sa glavnom inspiracijom u ruskoj avangardi, konkretnije u suprematizmu Kazimira Maljeviča.

Pokret je nastao u SAD, a među glavnim pokretačima ističe se umetnik Frank Stela. Njegova izložba „Crne slike“ (*Black Paintings*), priređena 1959. godine u Muzeju moderne umetnosti u Njujorku (engleski: *Museum of Modern Art*, skr. *MoMA*), ubrzo je postala inspiracija mnogim umetnicima, koji su počeli da napuštaju „ekspresiju“. Glavni istorijski događaj pokreta bila je izložba, održana 1966. godine u Njujorku, pod imenom „Osnovne strukture“ (*Primary Structures*).

Preciznost ujedno sa geometrijom i ponavljajućim dekorativnim šemama, ravnim i jednolično obojenim površinama sa čistim i nemešanim bojama, glavne su odlike minimalizma. Baza su geometrijske, racionalne šeme, a industijski materijali se koriste za eliminisanje tragova „ručnog rada“ umetnika. Spoljašnji izgled predmeta je glavni estetski kvalitet minimalizma.

Minimalizam želi da posmatrač uživa umetničko delo bez distrakcija kompozicije, tema i ostalih elemenata iz tradicionalne umetnosti. Materijali i način na koji je delo predstavnjeno su ujedno i sama njegova stvarnost ili tematika, ali takođe i razlog samog „postojanja“. Minimalizam ne pretenduje nikakvu drugu simboliku osim onoga što se može videti u samom delu. Boja se ne koristi za izražavanje osećanja nego za ograničavanje prostora. Apstraktni odnosi između različitih elemenata treba da navedu posmatrača na razmišljanje i ujedno su i sama srž tematike. Odbacuje se ideja iz tradicionalne umetnosti, po kojoj umetnost treba da bude lični izraz umetnika. Iako postoji dosta toga emotivnog i podsvesnog u minimalizmu, umetnik minimalista odbacuje osećanja kao princip stvaralaštva umetničkog dela i smatra da je reakcija na delo od strane posmatrača od primarne i suštinske važnosti.

Minimalizam ispituje prirodu umetnosti i njeno mesto u društvu. Iako su neki kritičari smatrali da je minimalizam umetnost koja će slabo uticati na dalji razvoj savremene umetnosti, ne mogu se negirati posledice i uticaji koje je ostavila na teoriju i praksu „postmoderne“.

## Umetnici minimalisti

* Karl Andre (*Carl Andre*)
* Donald Džud (*Donald Judd*)
* Keli Elsvort (*Kelly Ellsworth*)
* Robert Moris (*Robert Morris*)
* Ad Reinhart (*Ad Reinhardt*)
* Robert Smitson (*Robert Smithson*)
* Frank Stela (*Frank Stella*)
* Sol Levit (*Sol Lewitt*)
* Valter de Marija (*Walter De Maria*)

## Povezano

* Postminimalizam

## Reference

## Literatura

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## Vanjske veze

* Muzej savremene umetnosti u Beogradu
* Agence Photographique de la Réunion des musées nationaux et du Grand Palais des Champs-Elysées
* "A Short History of Minimalism—Donald Judd, Richard Wollheim, and the origins of what we now describe as minimalist" By Kyle Chayka January 14, 2020 The NationArhivirano 2020-01-17 na Wayback Machine-u
* Art of the States: minimalist minimalist works by American composers, including audio samples.
* Art and Music Since 1945: Introduction to Minimal Music, from Ohio State University's Department of Art Education.
* Minimal Music, Maximal ImpactArhivirano 2011-08-04 na Wayback Machine-u, by Kyle Gann, with a more comprehensive list of early minimalists.