# Silicijska dolina

San Jose, najveći grad Silicijske doline
**Silicijska dolina** (engl. **Silicon Valley**) naziv je doline smještene u južnome dijelu Zaljevskog područja San Francisca u sjevernoj Kaliforniji. Naziv "Silicijska dolina" nastao je zbog velikog broja tvrtki visoke tehnologije u regiji, a dolazi od kemijskog elementa silicija koji je osnova za izradu čipova. Danas je Silicijska dolina područje s najvišom koncentracijom važnih visokotehnoloških (*hi-tech*) tvrtki u svijetu, te su neke od svjetski najpoznatijih tvrtki smještene upravo ovdje. Komparativne prednosti doline su velik broj visokoobrazovanih inženjera, inovatora i ulagača u razvoj novih proizvoda.

## Naziv

Naziv "Silicijska dolina" skovao je Ralph Vaerst, poduzetnik iz središnje Kalifornije. Prvi put ga je u tjedniku Electronic News objavio novinar Don Hoefler, Vaerstov prijatelj, 11. siječnja 1971. u seriji članaka pod nazivom "Silicon Valley USA,". Pojam "Silicijski" odnosi se na već tada veliku koncentraciju tvrtki koje se bave poluvodičima i računalima. Te su tvrtke polako zamjenjivale voćnjake koji su bili na tom području i zbog kojeg se nekad nazivalo *Valley of Heart's Delight* ("dolina radosti srca").

## Poznate tvrtke

Sjedište tvrtke Google u Mountain Viewu
Tisuće tvrtki ima svoje sjedište u Silicijskoj dolini, a mnoge od njih su na listi najbogatijih.
Najpoznatije tvrtke su:

* Adobe Systems
* Advanced Micro Devices (AMD)
* Agilent Technologies
* Apple Inc.
* Applied Materials
* Business Objects
* Cisco Systems
* eBay
* Google
* Hewlett-Packard
* Intel
* Intuit
* Juniper Networks
* LSI Logic
* National Semiconductor
* NetApp
* Nvidia
* Oracle Corporation
* SanDisk
* Sun Microsystems
* Symantec
* Yahoo!
* 3Com (sjedište u Marlboroughu, Massachusetts)
* Actel
* Actuate Corporation
* Adaptec
* Aeria Games and Entertainment
* Amdahl
* Antibody Solutions
* Aricent
* Asus
* Atari
* Atmel
* Broadcom
* BEA Systems (preuzeo Oracle Corporation)
* Cypress Semiconductor
* EMC Corporation (sjedište u Hopkintonu, Massachusetts)
* Facebook
* Fairchild Semiconductor
* Force10
* Foundry Networks
* Fujitsu (sjedište u Tokiju)
* Hitachi Global Storage Technologies
* IBM Almaden Research Center
* Logitech
* Maxtor
* McAfee
* Memorex (preuzeo Imation i premjestio u Cerritos)
* Micron Technology (sjedište u Boiseu, Idaho)
* Microsoft (sjedište u Redmondu, Washington)
* Netflix
* Netscape (preuzeo AOL)
* NeXT Computer, Inc. (preuzeo Apple)
* Opera Software
* OPPO
* Palm, Inc.
* PalmSource, Inc. (preuzeo ACCESS)
* PayPal (sada dio eBaya)
* PlayPhone
* Rambus
* RSA(preuzeo EMC)
* Redback Networks (preuzeo Ericsson)
* SAP AG (sjedište u njemačkom Walldorfu)
* Siemens (sjedište u Berlinu i Münchenu)
* Silicon Graphics
* Silicon Image
* Solectron (preuzeo Flextronics)
* Sony
* SRI International
* SunPower
* Tesla Motors
* Tellme Networks (preuzeo Microsoft)
* TiVo
* VA Software (Slashdot)
* WebEx (preuzeo Cisco Systems)
* Western Digital
* VeriSign
* Veritas Software (preuzeo Symantec)
* VMware (preuzeo EMC)
* Xilinx
* YouTube (preuzeo Google)
* Zoran Corporation

## Fakulteti

* Državno sveučilište u San Joseu
* Sveučilište u Santa Clari
* Sveučilište Stanford

## Gradovi

*Pogled na Silicijsku dolinu u smjeru zapada iz Alum Rock parka pored San Josea. S lijeva na desno (od juga prema sjeveru): Mountain View, Sunnyvale, Palo Alto itd. Na desnom kraju slike vidi se dio Zaljeva San Francisco.*
Brojni se gradovi nalaze u Silicijskoj dolini:

* Campbell
* Cupertino
* Los Altos
* Los Altos Hills
* Los Gatos
* Milpitas
* Monte Sereno
* Mountain View
* Palo Alto
* San Jose
* Santa Clara
* Saratoga
* Sunnyvale

Gradovi povezani s regijom:

* East Palo Alto (okrug San Mateo)
* Foster City
* Fremont (okrug Alameda)
* Menlo Park (okrug San Mateo)
* Newark (okrug Alameda)
* Redwood City (okrug San Mateo, u njemu sjedište imaju tvrtke Oracle, Electronic Arts i PDI/DreamWorks)
* Santa Cruz

## Galerija

* Silicijumska dolina
* Adobe Systems
* Apple Inc.
* eBay
* Google
* Sedište Intela
* Oracle
* Yahoo!

## Literatura

* Bronson, Po (2013). *The Nudist On The Lateshift: and Other Tales of Silicon Valley*. Random House. ISBN 9781448189649.
* Cringely, Robert X. (1996) [1992]. *Accidental Empires: How the boys of Silicon Valley make their millions, battle foreign competition, and still can't get a date*. HarperCollins. ISBN 9780887308550.
* English-Lueck, June Anne (2002). *Cultures@Silicon Valley*. Stanford University Press. ISBN 9780804744294.
* Hayes, Dennis (1990) [1989]. *Behind the Silicon Curtain: The Seductions of Work in a Lonely Era*. Black Rose Books. ISBN 9780921689621.
* Kaplan, David A. (2000). *The Silicon Boys: And Their Valleys Of Dreams*. HarperCollins. ISBN 9780688179069.
* Koepp, Rob. *Clusters of Creativity: Enduring Lessons on Innovation and Entrepreneurship from Silicon Valley and Europe's Silicon Fen*. John Wiley & Sons. ISBN 9780470855669.
* Lécuyer, Christophe Lécuyer (2006) [2005]. *Making Silicon Valley: Innovation and the Growth of High Tech, 1930-1970*. Chemical Heritage Foundation. ISBN 9780262122818.
* Levy, Steven (2014) [1984]. *Hackers: Heroes of the Computer Revolution*. O'Reilly Media. ISBN 9781449388393.
* O'Mara, Margaret Pugh (2015) [2004]. *Cities of Knowledge: Cold War Science and the Search for the Next Silicon Valley: Cold War Science and the Search for the Next Silicon Valley*. Princeton University Press. ISBN 9781400866885.
* Pellow, David N; Park, Lisa Sun-Hee (2002). *The Silicon Valley of Dreams: Environmental Injustice, Immigrant Workers, and the High-tech Global Economy*. New York University Press. ISBN 9780814767108.
* Saxenian, AnnaLee (1996). *Regional Advantage: Culture and Competition in Silicon Valley and Route 128*. Harvard University Press. ISBN 9780674753402.
* Scoville, Thomas (2001). *Silicon Follies* (Fiction). Simon & Schuster. ISBN 9780743419451.
* Whiteley, Carol; McLaughlin, John (2002). *Technology, Entrepreneurs and Silicon Valley*. Silicon Valley Historical Association. ISBN 0964921715. Arhivirano iz originala na datum 2019-12-04.

Journals and newspapers
* Kantor, Jodi (December 23, 2014). „A Brand New World In Which Men Ruled”. *New York Times*.
* Koenig, Neil (February 9, 2014). „Next Silicon Valleys: How did California get it so right?”. BBC News.
* Malone, Michael S. (January 30, 2015). „The Purpose of Silicon Valley”. MIT Technology Review.
* Norr, Henry (December 27, 1999). „Growth of a Silicon Empire”. *San Francisco Chronicle*.
* Palmer, Barbara (February 4, 2004). „Red tile roofs in Bangalore: Stanford's look copied in Silicon Valley and beyond”. *Stanford Report*.
* Schulz, Thomas (March 4, 2015). „Tomorrowland: How Silicon Valley Shapes Our Future”. *Der Spiegel*.
* Sturgeon, Timothy J. (December 2000). „Chapter Two: How Silicon Valley Came to Be”. *Industrial Performance Center* (Massachusetts Institute of Technology). Arhivirano iz originala na datum 2018-08-19.
* Williams, James C. (December 2013). „From White Gold to Silicon Chips: Hydraulic Technology, Electric Power and Silicon Valley”. *Social Science Information* (Sage Publications) **52** (4): 558–574.  (Subscription required for full text.)

Audiovisual
* *Silicon Valley: A Five Part Series* (DVD). Narrated by Leonard Nimoy. Silicon Valley Historical Association. 2012. Archived from the original on 2018-08-19. Retrieved 2015-06-26. `{{cite AV media}}`: Unknown parameter `|dead-url=` ignored (`|url-status=` suggested) (help)CS1 održavanje: others in cite AV media (notes) (link)
* „A Weekend in Silicon Valley”. *New York Times*. August 27, 2010.
* *Silicon Valley: A Five Part Series* (DVD). Narrated by Leonard Nimoy. Silicon Valley Historical Association. 2012. Archived from the original on 2018-08-19. Retrieved 2015-06-26. `{{cite AV media}}`: Unknown parameter `|dead-url=` ignored (`|url-status=` suggested) (help)CS1 održavanje: others in cite AV media (notes) (link)

## Vanjske veze

* Silicijska dolina
* Povijest Arhivirano 2007-06-08 na Wayback Machine-u
* Santa Clara County: California's Historic Silicon Valley – A National Park Service website
* Silicon Valley – An American Experience documentary broadcast in 2013
* Silicon Valley Cultures Project na sajtu Wayback Machine (*arhivirano 20. decembra 2007.*) from San Jose State University
* Silicon Valley Historical Association Arhivirano 2020-11-12 na Wayback Machine-u
* The Birth of Silicon Valley Arhivirano 2018-08-19 na Wayback Machine-u