# Kmerski jezik

| santali |
| --- |
| ភាសាខ្មែរ |
| Izgovor | pʰiːəsaː kʰmaːe |
| Države | Kambodža, Vijetnam, Tajland |
| Broj govornika | 16 miliona (2007) |
| Jezična porodica | austroazijski
* **santali**
 |
| Pismo | Kmersko pismo |
| Službeni status |
| Službeni |  Kambodža |
| Regulator | Savet za kmerski jezik |
| Jezični kodovi |
| ISO 639-1 | `km` |
| ISO 639-2 | `khm` |
| ISO 639-3 | `khm` |

**Kmerski jezik** (ភាសាខ្មែរ) je zvanični jezik Kambodže. To je jezik naroda Kmer, najbrojnije etničke zajednice u zemlji. Ovaj se jezik ubraja u austroazijsku jezičku porodicu.

Sa susednim tai, lao i vijetnamskim jezikom, kmerski jezik sačinjava jezički savez. Za razliku od njih, kmerski nema melodijski akcenat.

Najraniji zapisi kmerskog jezika potiču iz 6-7. veka nove ere. Preko budizma i hinduizma, sanskrit je uticao na kmerski jezik. Kmerski jezik se zapisuje sopstvenim, kmerskim pismom, koje je slično tai i lao pismu.

Kmerskim jezikom se služi oko 13-21 milion ljudi.

## Osobine

Red reči u kmerskom odgovara šablonu: subjekat-glagol-objekat. Reči se najčešće sastoje iz jedne morfeme, a za tvorbu reči povremeno služe prefiksi i infiksi. Kmerske reči najčešće imaju dva ili tri sloga. Glagoli se često povezuju u nizove. Imenice nemaju rod ni broj. Kmerski jezik razlikuje nekoliko nivoa učtivog obraćanja.

### Fonetika

**suglasnici**
| slovo | izgovor | slovo | izgovor | slovo | izgovor | slovo | izgovor | slovo | izgovor
 |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| ក | kɑɑ | ខ | khɑɑ | គ | kɔɔ | ឃ | khɔɔ | ង | ŋɔɔ
 |
| ច | cɑɑ | ឆ | chɑɑ | ជ | cɔɔ | ឈ | chɔɔ | ញ | ɲɔɔ
 |
| ដ | dɑɑ | ឋ | tɑɑ | ឌ | dɔɔ | ឍ | thɔɔ | ណ | nɑɑ
 |
| ត | tɑɑ | ថ | thɑɑ | ទ | tɔɔ | ធ | thɔɔ | ន | nɔɔ
 |
| ប | bɑɑ | ផ | pɑɑ | ព | bɔɔ | ភ | pɔɔ | ម | mɔɔ
 |
| យ | jɔɔ | រ | rɔɔ | ល | lɔɔ | វ | vɔɔ |  |
| ស | sɑɑ | ហ | hɑɑ | ឡ | lɑɑ | អ | ʔɑɑ
 |

Napomena: izgovor je označen po IPA.

## Literatura

* Ferlus, Michel. (1992). *Essai de phonétique historique du khmer* (Du milieu du premier millénaire de notre ère à l'époque actuelle)", Mon–Khmer Studies XXI: 57-89)
* Headley, Robert and others. (1977). *Cambodian-English Dictionary*. Washington, Catholic University Press. ISBN 0-8132-0509-3
* Herington, Jennifer and Amy Ryan. (2013). Sociolinguistic Survey of the Khmer Khe in Cambodia Arhivirano 2021-03-10 na Wayback Machine-u. Chiang Mai: Linguistics Institute, Payap University.
* Huffman, F. E., Promchan, C., & Lambert, C.-R. T. (1970). *Modern spoken Cambodian*. New Haven: Yale University Press. ISBN 0-300-01315-9
* Huffman, F. E., Lambert, C.-R. T., & Im Proum. (1970). *Cambodian system of writing and beginning reader with drills and glossary*. Yale linguistic series. New Haven: Yale University Press. ISBN 0-300-01199-7
* Jacob, Judith. 1974. *A Concise Cambodian-English Dictionary*. London, Oxford University Press. ISBN 0-19-713574-9
* Jacob, J. M. (1996). *The traditional literature of Cambodia: a preliminary guide*. London oriental series, v. 40. New York: Oxford University Press. ISBN 0-19-713612-5
* Jacob, J. M., & Smyth, D. (1993). *Cambodian linguistics, literature and history: collected articles*. London: School of Oriental and African Studies, University of London. ISBN 0-7286-0218-0
* Keesee, A. P. K. (1996). *An English-spoken Khmer dictionary: with romanized writing system, usage, and indioms, and notes on Khmer speech and grammar*. London: Kegan Paul International. ISBN 0-7103-0514-1
* Meechan, M. (1992). *Register in Khmer the laryngeal specification of pharyngeal expansion*. Ottawa: National Library of Canada = Bibliothèque nationale du Canada. ISBN 0-315-75016-2
* Sak-Humphry, C. (2002). *Communicating in Khmer: an interactive intermediate level Khmer course*. Manoa, Hawai'i: Center for Southeast Asian Studies, School of Hawaiian, Asian and Pacific Studies, University of Hawai'i at Manoa. OCLC: 56840636
* Smyth, D. (1995). *Colloquial Cambodian: a complete language course*. London: Routledge. ISBN 0-415-10006-2
* Stewart, F., & May, S. (2004). *In the shadow of Angkor: contemporary writing from Cambodia*. Honolulu: University of Hawai'i Press. ISBN 0-8248-2849-6
* Tonkin, D. (1991). *The Cambodian alphabet: how to write the Khmer language*. Bangkok: Trasvin Publications. ISBN 974-88670-2-1

## Vanjske veze

* Etnološki izveštaj o kmerskom jeziku
* Uvod u kmerski jezik
* englesko-kmersko-engleski rečnik Arhivirano 2008-05-16 na Wayback Machine-u
* Kheng.info—An online audio dictionary for learning Khmer, with thousands of native speaker recordings and text segmentation software.
* Language Links Database - language links and resources for Khmer language
* SEAlang Project: Mon–Khmer languages. The Khmeric Branch
* Khmer Swadesh vocabulary list (from Wiktionary's Swadesh-list appendix)
* Dictionary and SpellChecker open sourced and collaborative project based on Chuon Nath Khmer Dictionary
* How to install Khmer script on a Windows 7 computer Arhivirano 2011-01-23 na Wayback Machine-u
* How to install Khmer script on a Windows XP computer Arhivirano 2011-09-25 na Wayback Machine-u
* *Khmer Arhivirano 2018-09-26 na Wayback Machine-u* at UCLA Language Materials project Arhivirano 2006-07-20 na Wayback Machine-u
* Online Khmer & English dictionary Arhivirano 2011-08-21 na Wayback Machine-u
* Khmer Online Dictionaries Arhivirano 2017-01-05 na Wayback Machine-u
* USA Foreign Service Institute (FSI) Cambodian basic course