# Singapurska strategija

Vojni transportni brod RMS *Queen Mary* u Singapuru, kolovoz 1940. godine.
**Singapurska strategija** (engleski: *Singapore strategy*) naziv je za britansku pomorsku obrambenu politiku koja se razvijala kroz niz ratnih planova od 1919. do 1941. godine. Suština strategije bila je obrana od potencijalnog japanskog napada na Dalekom istoku, odnosno uspostava stabilne pomorske baze koja bi Kraljevskoj ratnoj mornarici omogućila da spriječi eventualni japanski prodor do Indije ili Australije. Uspješnost strategije ovisila je o uspostavi stabilne pomorske baze, a 1919. godine za njezinu je lokaciju odabran Singapur; radovi na realizaciji strategije nastavili su te tokom naredna dva desetljeća.

Autori strategije zamislili su kako bi pomorski rat protiv Japana imao tri faze: u slučaju napada, trupe u Singapuru branile bi svoje položaje, što bi britanskoj floti dalo dovoljno vremena da dođe na Daleki istok, gdje bi pomogli u obrani ili oslobodili Hong Kong, nakon čega bi britanska mornarica izvršila blokadu japanskih otoka i tako prisilila Japance na dogovor. Ideja o invaziji na Japan odbačena je kao nepraktična, a autori strategije su vjerovali kako Japanci ne bi svjesno vodili bitku u kojoj su bili evidentno nadjačani. Svjesni učinaka blokade na pomorsku zemlju, Britanci vjerovali su kako bi ekonomski pritisak bio dovoljan da natjera Japance na dogovor.

Tijekom 1920-ih i 1930-ih godina, Singapurska strategija bila je okosnica britanske obrambene politike na Dalekom istoku. Kako navodi Stephen Roskill, do 1937. godine, "koncept 'Glavne singapurske flote' stekao je, moguće kroz konstantno ponavljanje, svojevrsnu nedodirljivost u rangu Svetih spisa." Međutim, kombinacija financijskih, političkih i praktičnih poteškoća dovela je do toga da strategija nikada nije u potpunosti realizirana. Tijekom 1930-ih godina, strategija je bila na meti oštrih kritika kako u Britaniji tako i u kolonijama, posebice u Australiji, gdje se strategija nerijetko spominjala kao izgovor za štedljivu obrambenu politiku Krune. Strategija je eventualno dovela do slanja Jedinice Z u Singapur, ali i do potapanja brodova *Prince of Wales* i *Repulse* uslijed japanskog zračnog napada 10. prosinca 1941. godine. Subsekventni pad Singapura opisan je od strane Winstona Churchilla kao "najgora katastrofa i najveća kapitulacija u britanskoj historiji."

## Reference

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