# Zagrebačka katedrala

| Zagrebačka katedrala |
| --- |
|  |
| Lokacija
 | Zagreb, Hrvatska
 |
| Koordinate
 | ﻿ / ﻿ |
| Arhitekt
 | Hermann Bollé (Friedrich von Schmidt)
 |
| Godine izgradnje
 | 1880. - 1906.
 |
| Renoviran
 | 1990. - 1997.
 |
| Religija
 | Katoličanstvo
 |
| Patron
 | Sveta Marija
 |
| Arhitektonski stil
 | neogotika
 |
| Materijal
 | cigla, kamen
 |
| Dimenzije
 | 77 x 48,20 x 108 m
 |

**Zagrebačka katedrala** punim nazivom *Katedrala Uznesenja Blažene Djevice Marije i svetih Stjepana i Ladislava* je neogotička bazilika u Zagrebu, smještena je na Kaptolu. Bila je posvećena prvome mađarskom kralju Stjepanu. Zagrebačka katedrala je najveća hrvatska sakralna građevina, duga 77 m, široka 48,2 m, visoka 108 m, a u njezinu unutrašnjost površine od 1617 m² može stati 5000 ljudi.

## Historija crkve

Pretpostavlja se da je na mjestu današnje katedrale, stajala mala crkvica sagrađena negdje između 9. i 11. vijek, čija se daljnja sudbina ne zna. Ono što se pouzdano zna, je da se ubrzo nakon osnivanja Zagrebačke biskupije (oko 1094.) počelo se s gradnjom veće romaničke crkve, ali kako se gradnja oduljila (trajala je do 1217.) građevina je dobila i gotička obilježja.

Za provale Tatara 1242. teško je oštećena, pa ju je biskup Timotej (1263. – 1287.) počeo temeljito restaurirati u gotičkom stilu. Obnova je nastavljena i kroz 14. i 15. vijek, a u 16. vijeku je i utvrđena zidinama i kulama, da bi svoj konačni izgled dobila u 17. vijeku kad je uz nju izgrađen masivni renesansni zvonik.

Zagrebačka katedrala prije potresa 1880.
Više put je stradala od požara, ali je njen definitivni kraj bio veliki potres 1880. kad je zaključeno da joj je statika toliko narušena da ju je bolje srušiti i podići novu građevinu na njezinom mjestu.

Nacrti za izgradnju nove katedrale naručeni su kod bečkog eksperta za neogotiku Friedricha von Schmidta. On ih je napravio, ali kako nije mogao doći u Zagreb, poslao je svog mladog asistenta Hermanna Bolléa. koji je od 1880. do 1906. podigao građevinu, temeljno izmjenivši projekt Schmidta, tako da je današnja trobrodna katedrala sa dva vitka tornja i visokim krovištem, zapravo njegovo djelo.

Katedrala za vrijeme gradnje oko 1900.
Temeljito je preuređen i enterijer bazilike, izbačeni su stari barokni oltari i podignuti novi, umjesto starih grobnica biskupa i plemstva sagrađena je nova grobnica iza glavnog oltara. U njoj su sahranjeni; Petar Zrinski i Fran Krsto Frankopan, nakon što su njihovi posmrtni ostatci preneseni 1919. iz Bečkog Novog Mjesta. Tu su i grobnice posljednja tri zagrebačka nadbiskupa: Alojzija Stepinca, Franje Šepera i Franje Kuharića.

Više galerije tornja su bile zatvorene 1938. zbog nekoliko samoubojstava.

## Orgulje

Njemačka tvrtka E.F. Walcker je izgradila orgulje zagrebačke katedrale 1855. godine s 52 registra. Tada glazbalo je imalo tri manuala s pedalom. Nakon nekoliko pregrađivanja orgulje danas imaju 78 registra na četiri manuala s dispozicijom (2005. g.):

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|  |
| --- |
| **I. manual** C–a3

---

 |
| 1. | Prinzipal | 16′
 |
| 2. | Tibia | 16′
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| 3. | Diapason | 8′
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| 4. | Gemshorn | 8′
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| 5. | Copula | 8′
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| 6. | Gamba | 8′
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| 7. | Dolce | 8′
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| 8. | Flöte | 8′
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| 9. | Nasard | 5 1/3′
 |
| 10. | Oktave | 4′
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| 11. | Copula minor | 4′
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| 12. | Dolce | 4′
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| 13. | Quinte | 2 2/3'
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| 14. | Superoktav | 2'
 |
| 15. | Blockflöte | 2'
 |
| 16. | Mixtur VI | 2 2/3'
 |
| 17. | Zimbel IV | 1 1/3'
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| 18. | Fagott | 16'
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| 19. | Trompete | 8'
 |

 |

|  |
| --- |
| **II. manual** C–a3

---

 |
| 20. | Bourdon | 16′
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| 21. | Principal | 8′
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| 22. | Copula | 8′
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| 23. | Viola d'amour | 8′
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| 24. | Flauto | 8′
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| 25. | Salicional | 8′
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| 26. | Diapason | 4′
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| 27. | Traversflöte | 4′
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| 28. | Superoktav | 2′
 |
| 29. | Quinte | 1 1/3'
 |
| 30. | Sesquialter II | 2 2/3'
 |
| 31. | Cornett V | 8′
 |
| 32. | Scharff IV | 1′
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| 33. | Vox humana | 8'
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| 34. | Schalmey | 4'
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|  | *Tremulant* |

 |

|  |
| --- |
| **III. manual** C–a3

---

 |
| 35. | Quintatön | 16′
 |
| 36. | Geigenprinzipal | 8′
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| 37. | Fugara | 8′
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| 38. | Hohlflöte | 8′
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| 39. | Dulciana | 8′
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| 40. | Aeoline | 8′
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| 41. | Voix celeste | 8′
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| 42. | Flauto amabile | 4′
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| 43. | Viola | 4′
 |
| 44. | Nasard | 2 2/3′
 |
| 45. | Flautino | 2′
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| 46. | Mixtur IV | 2 2/3′
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| 47. | Physharmonica | 8′
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| 48. | Oboe | 8'
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| 49. | Trompete harmon | 8′
 |

 |

|  |
| --- |
| **IV. manual** C–a3

---

 |
| 50. | Hornprinzipal | 8′
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| 51. | Traversflöte | 8′
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| 52. | Viola | 8′
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| 53. | Unda maris | 8′
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| 54. | Ital. Prinzipal | 4′
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| 55. | Blockflöte | 4′
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| 56. | Nasard | 2 2/3'
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| 57. | Schwiegel | 2′
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| 58. | Sifflöte | 1′
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| 59. | Terzian II | 1 3/5'
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| 60. | Großmixtur VI |  |
| 61. | Tuba magna | 16'
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| 62. | Tuba mirabilis | 8'
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| 63. | Vox humana | 8'
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| 64. | Clairon | 4'
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|  | *Tremulant* |  |

 |

|  |
| --- |
| **Pedal** C–f1

---

 |
| 65. | Grand Bourdon | 32′
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| 66. | Prinzipalbass | 16′
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| 67. | Subbass | 16′
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| 68. | Violonbass | 16′
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| 69. | Octavbass | 8′
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| 70. | Hohlflötenbass | 8′
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| 71. | Violoncello | 8′
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| 72. | Flöte | 4′
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| 73. | Cornett IV | 5 1/3′
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| 74. | Bombardon | 32′
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| 75. | Tuba | 16′
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| 76. | Posaune | 8′
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| 77. | Clarine | 4′
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| 78. | Singend Kornett | 2′
 |

 |

**Spojnice:**

I/P, II/P, III/P, IV/P,

Super I/P, Super II/P, Super III/P, Super IV/P,

II/I, III/I, IV/I, Sub I, Sub II/I, Sub III/I, Sub IV/I,

Super I, Super II/I, Super III/I, Super IV/I,

III/II, IV/II, Sub III/I, Sub IV/II, Super IV/II,

IV/III, Sub IV/III, Super IV/III

999-struki generalni slagar, dvostruki razdijeljeni slagar, sekvencer naprijed i nazad, automatični pedal, Crescendo, način isključenih generalnih jezičnih registra, način isključenog ručnog registranja, način pojedinačno isključenih jezičnih registra, Tutti, Pleno, Schweller III, Schweller IV.

Pneumatični sustav s čunjima uz elektropneumatično upravljanje trakture.

## Reference

## Vanjske veze

* Zagrebačka katedrala (Glas Koncila)