# Naučna metoda

Algoritam za postavljanje teorije naučnim metodom
**Naučni metod** označava proces kojim naučnici dolaze do spoznaja o određenim fenomenima putem postavljanja pretpostavki te njihovog provjeravanja kroz eksperimente. Da bi imao naučni karakter, istraživački metod mora biti zasnovan na prikupljanju primetne, empirijske i merljive evidencije. Naučni metod je: „metod postupaka koji su osobeni za prirodne nauke od 17. veka, i koji se sastoje od sistematskih posmatranja, merenja i eksperimenta, kao i formulacije, testiranja i menjanje hipoteza“.

**Metod** je u teoriji saznanja i nauci, sistematski, objektivan način dolaska do nedvosmislenog odgovora na postavljene hipoteze. Postoji više vrsta podela metoda od kojih su najpoznatije metode u prirodnim i društvenim naukama.

## Reference

## Dodatna literatura

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Ovaj članak, ili jedan njegov segment, izvorno je preuzet iz knjige Ivan Vidanović "*Rečnik socijalnog rada*" uz odobrenje autora.

* Bauer, Henry H., *Scientific Literacy and the Myth of the Scientific Method*, University of Illinois Press, Champaign, IL, 1992
* Beveridge, William I. B., *The Art of Scientific Investigation*, Heinemann, Melbourne, Australia, 1950.
* Bernstein, Richard J., *Beyond Objectivism and Relativism: Science, Hermeneutics, and Praxis*, University of Pennsylvania Press, Philadelphia, PA, 1983.
* Bozinovski, Stevo, *Consequence Driven Systems: Teaching, Learning, and Self-Learning Agents*, GOCMAR Publishers, Bitola, Macedonia, 1991.
* Brody, Baruch A. and Capaldi, Nicholas, *Science: Men, Methods, Goals: A Reader: Methods of Physical Science*, W. A. Benjamin, 1968
* Brody, Baruch A., and Grandy, Richard E., *Readings in the Philosophy of Science*, 2nd edition, Prentice Hall, Englewood Cliffs, NJ, 1989.
* Burks, Arthur W., *Chance, Cause, Reason — An Inquiry into the Nature of Scientific Evidence*, University of Chicago Press, Chicago, IL, 1977.
* Alan Chalmers. *What is this thing called science?*. Queensland University Press and Open University Press, 1976.
* Chomsky, Noam, *Reflections on Language*, Pantheon Books, New York, NY, 1975.
* Crick, Francis (1988). *What Mad Pursuit: A Personal View of Scientific Discovery*. New York: Basic Books. ISBN 0-465-09137-7. .
* Dewey, John, *How We Think*, D.C. Heath, Lexington, MA, 1910. Reprinted, Prometheus Books, Buffalo, NY, 1991.
* Earman, John (ed.), *Inference, Explanation, and Other Frustrations: Essays in the Philosophy of Science*, University of California Press, Berkeley & Los Angeles, CA, 1992.
* Fraassen, Bas C. van, *The Scientific Image*, Oxford University Press, Oxford, UK, 1980.
* Franklin, James (2009). *What Science Knows: And How It Knows It*. New York: Encounter Books. ISBN 1594032076. .
* Gadamer, Hans-Georg, *Reason in the Age of Science*, Frederick G. Lawrence (trans.), MIT Press, Cambridge, MA, 1981.
* Giere, Ronald N. (ed.), *Cognitive Models of Science*, vol. 15 in 'Minnesota Studies in the Philosophy of Science', University of Minnesota Press, Minneapolis, MN, 1992.
* Hacking, Ian, *Representing and Intervening, Introductory Topics in the Philosophy of Natural Science*, Cambridge University Press, Cambridge, UK, 1983.
* Heisenberg, Werner, *Physics and Beyond, Encounters and Conversations*, A.J. Pomerans (trans.), Harper and Row, New York, NY 1971, pp. 63–64.
* Holton, Gerald, *Thematic Origins of Scientific Thought, Kepler to Einstein*, 1st edition 1973, revised edition, Harvard University Press, Cambridge, MA, 1988.
* Kuhn, Thomas S., *The Essential Tension, Selected Studies in Scientific Tradition and Change*, University of Chicago Press, Chicago, IL, 1977.
* Latour, Bruno, *Science in Action, How to Follow Scientists and Engineers through Society*, Harvard University Press, Cambridge, MA, 1987.
* Losee, John, *A Historical Introduction to the Philosophy of Science*, Oxford University Press, Oxford, UK, 1972. 2nd edition, 1980.
* Maxwell, Nicholas, *The Comprehensibility of the Universe: A New Conception of Science*, Oxford University Press, Oxford, 1998. Paperback 2003.
* Maclyn McCarty (1985) The Transforming Principle: Discovering that genes are made of DNA. New York: W. W. Norton. 252 p. ISBN 0-393-30450-7. Memoir of a researcher in the Avery–MacLeod–McCarty experiment.
* McComas, William F., ed. The Principal Elements of the Nature of Science: Dispelling the MythsPDF (189 KB), from *The Nature of Science in Science Education*, pp53–70, Kluwer Academic Publishers, Netherlands 1998.
* Misak, Cheryl J., *Truth and the End of Inquiry, A Peircean Account of Truth*, Oxford University Press, Oxford, UK, 1991.
* Newell, Allen, *Unified Theories of Cognition*, Harvard University Press, Cambridge, MA, 1990.
* Piattelli-Palmarini, Massimo (ed.), *Language and Learning, The Debate between Jean Piaget and Noam Chomsky*, Harvard University Press, Cambridge, MA, 1980.
* Popper, Karl R., *Unended Quest, An Intellectual Autobiography*, Open Court, La Salle, IL, 1982.
* Putnam, Hilary, *Renewing Philosophy*, Harvard University Press, Cambridge, MA, 1992.
* Rorty, Richard, *Philosophy and the Mirror of Nature*, Princeton University Press, Princeton, NJ, 1979.
* Salmon, Wesley C., *Four Decades of Scientific Explanation*, University of Minnesota Press, Minneapolis, MN, 1990.
* Shimony, Abner, *Search for a Naturalistic World View: Vol. 1, Scientific Method and Epistemology, Vol. 2, Natural Science and Metaphysics*, Cambridge University Press, Cambridge, UK, 1993.
* Thagard, Paul, *Conceptual Revolutions*, Princeton University Press, Princeton, NJ, 1992.
* Ziman, John (2000). *Real Science: what it is, and what it means*. Cambridge, UK: Cambridge University Press.

## Vanjske veze

* Uvod u naučno mišljenje i naučni metod Arhivirano 2018-01-01 na Wayback Machine-u