# Blackface

Reprodukcija postera za minstrel show Williama H. Westa iz 1900. godine koji je originalno izdala kompanija Strobridge Litho Co., a koji pokazuje transformaciju od bijelca u "crnca".
**Blackface** je izraz koji na engleskom doslovno znači "crno lice", a pod kojim se podrazumijeva kazališna šminka koja za svrhu ima izvođača "transformirati" u karikirani i stereotipni lik crnca. *Blackface* je svoj karakteristični oblik dobila u minstrel šouima u SAD u 19. vijeku, a koristili su je kako bijeli tako i crni izvođači. S vremenom je postala simbol rasističkih predrasuda te se od druge polovice 20. vijeka njeno korištenje smatra kontroverznim.

## Izvori

* Armstron-De Vreeze, Pamela (1997). „"Surviving Zwarte Piet — a Black mother in the Netherlands copes with a racist institution in Dutch culture"”. *Essence* magazine. Arhivirano iz originala na datum 2005-05-16. Pristupljeno 15. 11. 2005.
* Hughes, Langston and Meltzer, Milton (1967). *Black Magic: A Pictorial History of Black Entertainers in America*. New York: Bonanza Books. ISBN 0-306-80406-9.
* Lott, Eric (1993), *Love and Theft: Blackface Minstrelsy and the American Working Class*, New York: Oxford University Press, ISBN 0195078322
* Malik, Sarita. „The Black and White Minstrel Show”. Museum of Broadcast Communications. Arhivirano iz originala na datum 2007-01-07. Pristupljeno 08. 01. 2007.
* Sacks, Howard L, and Sacks, Judith (1993). *Way up North in Dixie: A Black Family's Claim to the Confederate Anthem*. Washington: Smithsonian Institution Press.
* Strausbaugh, John (2006), *Black Like You: Blackface, Whiteface, Insult and Imitation in American Popular Culture*, Jeremy P. Tarcher / Penguin, ISBN 1585424986
* Toll, Robert C. (1974), *Blacking Up: The Minstrel Show in Nineteenth-century America*, New York: Oxford University Press, ISBN 0819563005
* Twain, Mark (1924). „XIX, dictated 1906-11-30”. *Mark Twain's Autobiography*. New York: Albert Bigelow Paine. LCCN 24025122.
* Watkins, Mel (1999). *On the Real Side: A History of African American Comedy from Slavery to Chris Rock*. Chicago, Illinois: Lawrence Hill Books. ISBN 1-55652-351-3.

## Literatura

* Cockrell, Dale (1997). *Demons of Disorder: Early Blackface Minstrels and their World*. Cambridge Studies in American Theatre and Drama. ISBN 0-521-56828-5.
* Levinthal, David (1999). *Blackface*. Arena. ISBN 1-892041-06-5.
* Lhamon, Jr., W.T. (1998). *Raising Cain: Blackface Performance from Jim Crow to Hip Hop*. Harvard University Press. ISBN 0-674-74711-9.
* Rogin, Michael (1998). *Blackface, White Noise: Jewish Immigrants in the Hollywood Melting Pot*. University of California Press. ISBN 0-520-21380-7.
* Abbott, Lynn, & Seroff, Doug (2008). *Ragged but Right: Black Traveling Shows, "Coon Songs," and the Dark Pathway to Blues and Jazz. Arhivirano 2009-05-14 na Wayback Machine-u* Jackson: University Press of Mississippi. ISBN 1-57806-901-7.
* Chude-Sokei, Louis (2005). *The Last Darky: Bert Williams, Black-on-Black Minstrelsy and the African Diaspora*. Duke University Press. ISBN 082233643X.

## Vanjske veze

* "Blackface and other historic racial images from the Authentic History Center"
* "Bambizzoozled - Blackface in Movies and Television" Arhivirano 2015-02-17 na Wayback Machine-u
* "The Blackface Stereotype", Manthia Diawara
* "Cape Minstrel Festival Kaapse Klopse", Cape Town Magazine.
* Recent blackface stories in the news, from the Colorblind Society
* "Zulu Blackface: The Real Story!"
* "The New Era of Blackface," Louis Chude-Sokei
* "The History of Racist Blackface Stereotypes
* "Blacking Up: Hip-Hop's Remix of Race and Identity