# Euro

| Euro |
| --- |
| Евро (Bulgarian), ϵυρώ (Greek), Euró (Hungarian), Eoró (Erse), Eiro (Latvie), Euras (Lithuanie), Ewro (Maltese), Evro (Slovene) |
|

|  |  |
| --- | --- |
|  |  |
| Euro banknotes | €1 cunyie |

 |
| ISO 4217 |
| Code | EUR |
| Nummer | 978 |
| Exponent | 2 |
| Denominations |
| Subunit |  |
|  1/100 | cent Actual uissage varies depending on leid |
| Plural | *See Euro lingueestic issues* |
| Seembol | € |
|  cent | c |
| Eik-name | The single siller, Fiber an ithers

local names
* Евро (Bulgarie)
* Eυρώ (Greek)
* Euró (Hungarian)
* Eiro (Latvie)
* Euras (Lithuanie)
* Ewro (Maltese)
* Evro (Slovene)
 |
| Banknotes |  |
|  Freq. uised | €5, €10, €20, €50, €100 |
|  Rarely uised | €200, €500 |
| Cunyies |  |
|  Freq. uised | 1c, 2c, 5c, 10c, 20c, 50c, €1, €2 |
|  Rarely uised | 1c, 2c (Belgium, Finland, Italy, Ireland an The Netherlands) |
| Demografics |
| Offeecial uiser(s) |  European Union (20)
* Euro aurie
* Austrick
* Belgium
* Croatia
* Cyprus
* Estonie
* Finland
* Fraunce
* Germany
* Greece
* Ireland
* Italy
* Latvie
* Lithuanie
* Luxembourg
* Maltae
* Netherlands
* Portugal
* Slovakie
* Slovenie
* Spain

Monetar agreement (10)
* Andorrae
* Monaco
* San Marino
* Vatican Ceety
* Akrotiri and Dhekelia (United Kingdom)
* Clipperton Island (France)
* Saunt Barthélemy (France)
* Saunt Martin (France)
* French Soothren an Antarctic Lands (France)
* Saunt Pierre an Miquelon (France)
 |
| Unoffeecial uiser(s) |
Unilateral adopters (2)
* Kosovo
* Montenegro

Ither pairtial uisers (2)
* Zimbabwe
* North Korea

Single euro peyments aurie (11 frae 34)
* Bulgarie
* Czech Republic
* Denmark
* Hungary
* Iceland
* Liechtenstein
* Norawa
* Poland
* Romanie
* Swaden
* Swisserland
 |
| Issuance |
| Central bank | European Central Bank |
|  Wabsteid | www.ecb.europa.eu |
| Prenter |
Several
* Istituto Poligrafico e Zecca dello Stato
* Banco de Portugal
* Bank of Greece
* Banque de France
* Bundesdruckerei
* Central Bank of Ireland
* De La Rue
* Fábrica Nacional de Moneda y Timbre
* François-Charles Oberthur
* Giesecke & Devrient
* Royal Joh. Enschedé
* National Bank of Belgium
* Österreichische Banknoten- und Sicherheitsdruck GmbH
* Setec Oy
 |
|  Wabsteid |
Several
* Istituto Poligrafico e Zecca dello Stato
* Banco de Portugal – Imprensa Nacional / Casa da Moeda
* Bank of Greece
* Banque de France
* Bundesdruckerei
* Central Bank and Financial Services Authority of Ireland
* De La Rue
* Fábrica Nacional de Moneda y Timbre
* François-Charles Oberthur
* Giesecke & Devrient
* Royal Joh. Enschedé
* National Bank of Belgium
* Oesterreichische Banknoten- und Sicherheitsdruck GmbH
* Setec Oy
 |
| Mint |
Several
* Bayerisches Hauptmünzamt, Munich (Mint merk: D)
* Currency Centre
* Fábrica Nacional de Moneda y Timbre
* Hamburgische Münze (J)
* Imprensa Nacional Casa da Moeda SA
* Istituto Poligrafico e Zecca dello Stato
* Koninklijke Nederlandse Munt
* Koninklijke Munt van België/Monnaie Royale de Belgique
* Mincovňa Kremnica
* Monnaie de Paris
* Münze Österreich
* Rahapaja Oy/Myntverket i Finland Ab
* Staatliche Münze Berlin (A)
* Staatliche Münze Karlsruhe (G)
* Staatliche Münze Stuttgart (F)
* Lithuanie Mint
 |
|  Wabsteid |
Several
* Munich mint
* Currency Centre
* Fábrica Nacional de Moneda y Timbre
* Hamburg mint
* Imprensa Nacional – Casa da Moeda SA
* Istituto Poligrafico e Zecca dello Stato
* Koninklijke Nederlandse Munt
* Koninklijke Munt van België/Monnaie Royale de Belgique
* Mincovňa Kremnica
* Monnaie de Paris
* Münze Österreich
* Rahapaja Oy/Myntverket i Finland Ab
* Berlin mint
* Karlsruhe-Stuttgart mints
* Lithuanie mint
 |
| Vailuation |
| Inflation | 1.6% (hauf o 2019) |
|  Soorce | ecb.europa.eu |
|  Method | HICP |
| Pegged bi |
12 siller
* Belaroushie ruble
* Bosnia & Herz. convertible mark
* Bulgarie lev
* Cape Verdean escudo
* Central African CFA franc
* CFP franc
* Comorian franc
* Dens krone
* Macedonie denar
* Moroccan dirham
* São Tomé an Príncipe dobra
* Wast African CFA franc
 |

The **euro** (Siller sign: **€**; baunkin code: **EUR**) is the offeecial siller o the European Union's Eurozone that at the meenit conseests o 20 states (Austrick, Belgium, Croatia, Cyprus, Estonia, Finland, Fraunce, Germany, Greece, Ireland, Italy, Latvia, Lithuanie, Luxembourg, Maltae, the Netherlands, Portugal, Slovakie, Slovenie, Spain).

It is the ae siller for mair nor 330 million Europeans. Includin airts uisin sillers pegged tae the euro, the euro directly affects close tae 500 million fowk warldwide.

Wi mair nor €610 billion in circulation as o December 2006 (equeevalent tae US$802 billion at the exchynge rates at the time), the euro is the siller wi the hiechest combined vailie o cash in circulation in the warld, haein surpassed the U.S. dollar.

The euro wis introduced tae warld financial mercats as an accoontin siller in 1999 an lenched as pheesical cunyies an baunknotes on 1 Januar 2002. It replaced the umwhile European Currency Unit (ECU) at a ratio o 1:1.

## Chairactereestics

### Cunyies an baunknotes

The ECB is in chairge o the Eurozone's policy on siller
The euro is dividit intae 100 **cents** (whiles cried *eurocent*, especially whan sinderin it frae the U.S. cent or the umwhile currency in a parteecular kintra). Aw circulatin euro cunyies (includin the €2 commemorative cunyies) haes a **common side** shawin the denomination (vailie) wi the auld 19 EU-kintras in the backgrund. Frae 2007 or 2008 on (lippenin on the kintra whaur the cunyie is issued) that "auld" cairt is replaced bi a cairt o Europe, that nou shows nane-EU-members sic as Norrowey. The cunyies haes a **naitional side** shawin an eemage speceefically waled bi the kintra that issued the cunyie. Euro cunyies frae ony kintra can be freely uised in ony naition that haes adoptit the euro.

The euro cunyies are €2, €1, €0.50, €0.20, €0.10, €0.05, €0.02, an €0.01. In the Netherlands cash transactions is roondit tae the nearest five cents, tae avoid the uise o €0.02, an €0.01, an in Finland, the twa smawest denominations isna ony langer struck, tho thay remain legal tender thare. (See Linguistic issues concernin the euro an aw.)

Commemorative cunyies wi €2 face value hae been issued wi chynges tae the design o the naitional side o the cunyie — as Greece did for the 2004 Summer Olympics. Thir twa-euro cunyies is legal tender throughoot the Eurozone. Cunyies wi various ither denominations hae been issued an aw, but thir are no intendit for general circulation. Thir later cunyies are anly legal tender in the naition that issued them.

Aw euro banknotes hae a **common design** for each denomination on baith sides. Notes are issued in €500, €200, €100, €50, €20, €10, €5. The design for each o them haes a common theme o European airchitecture in various airtistic periods. The front (or recto) o the note features windaes or gateways while the back (or verso) haes brigs. Care haes been taen sae that the airchitectural examples dinna represent ony actual existin monument, sae as no tae induce jealousy an controversy in the choice o whilk monument should be depictit. Some o the hiechest denominations sic as the €500 are no issued in a few kintras, tho thay remain legal tender athort the Eurozone.

### Eurozone

2023:
  Eurozone (20)
  ERM II members (2)
  unilaterally adoptit (2)
  ither EU members (5)
  special adoption greement (4)
* The euro is the ae siller in:

1. Austrick
2. Belgium
3. Croatia
4. Cyprus
5. Estonia
6. Finland
7. Fraunce
8. Germany
9. Greece
10. Ireland
11. Italy
12. Latvia
13. Lithuanie
14. Luxembourg
15. Maltae
16. the Netherlands
17. Portugal
18. Slovakie
19. Slovenie
20. Spain

Thir 20 kintras thegether is frequently referrit tae as the Eurozone or the euro airt, or mair informally "euroland" or the "eurogroup". Ootside o the airt covered bi the cairt, the euro is the legal siller o the French owerseas possessions o French Guiana, Réunion, Saint-Pierre et Miquelon, Guadeloupe, Martinique, Saint-Barthélemy, Saint Martin, Mayotte, an the uninhabited Clipperton Island an the French Southern an Antarctic Lands; the Portuguese autonomous regions o the Azores an Madeira; an the Spainyie Canary Islands.

* Acause o some bilateral greements, the European microstates o Monaco, San Marino, an Vatican Ceity mint thair ain euro cunyies on behalf o the European Central Baunk. Thay is, houaniver, severely limitit in the tot vailie o cunyies thay can issue.
* Andorrae, Montenegro, Kosovo, an Akrotiri an Dhekelia adoptit the foreign euro as thair legal Siller for movement o caipital an payments withoot parteecipation in the ESCB or the richt tae mint cunyies. Andorrae is in the process o enterin a monetary greement seemilar tae that o the microstates abuin.
* Several possessions an umwhile colonies o EU kintras hae sillers pegged tae the euro. Thir are French Polynesie, New Caledon, Wallis and Futuna (the CFP franc); Cape Verde; the Comoros; an fowerteen naitions o Central an Wast Africae (the CFA franc). See Sillers relatit tae the euro.
* Awtho no legal tender in Denmark, the euro is acceptit in some shops athort baith kintras, parteecularly internaitional shopss in lairge ceeties, an shops in Northren Ireland near the laundmairch wi the Republic o Ireland, whaur the euro is the offeecial siller. Seemilarly, the euro is widely acceptit in Swisserland, e'en bi offeecial boards, sic as the Swiss Railweys.

## Fremmit airtins

* Heiko Otto (ed.). "Euro baunk notes" (in Inglis and German). Retrieved 5 November 2017. (in Inglis) (in German)