# Ghana

| Republic o Ghana  |
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Coat o airms

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| **Motto:**"Freedom and Justice" |
| **Anthem:God Bless Our Homeland Ghana*
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| Caipital | Accra ﻿ / ﻿ |
| Offeecial leids | Inglis |
| Naitional leids | * Asante Twi, Dagaare, Dagbani, Dangme, Ewe, Ga, Gonja, Kasem, Fante, Akuapem Twi, Nzema, Wasa, Talensi, Frafra, Hausa
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| Ethnic groups (2010) | * 47.5% Akans (11.5 mln)
* 16.6% Dagbani / Mole (4 mln)
* 13.9% Ewe (2.9 mln)
* 7.4% Ga-Adangbe (1.8 mln)
* 5.7% Gurma (0.7 mln)
* 5.0% Fulani  (0.5 mln)
* 3.7% Guan / Gonja (0.3 mln)
* 2.5% Gurunsi (0.1 mln)
* 1.1% Bissa / Mande (0.1 mln)
* 1.6% Ither (0.1 mln)
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| Demonym(s) | Ghanaian |
| Govrenment | Unitar presidential constitutional republic |
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| • Preses  | Nana Akufo-Addo |
| • Vice-Preses  | Mahamudu Bawumia |
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| Legislatur | Pairlament |
| Unthirldom frae the Unitit Kinrick |
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| • Declared  | 6 Mairch 1957 |
| • Realm  | 6 Mairch 1957 – 1 Julie 1960 |
| • Republic  | 1 Julie 1960 |
| • Current constitution  | 28 Apryle 1992 |
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| Aurie |
| • Total | 238,535 km2 (92,099 sq mi) (80t) |
| • Water (%) | 4.61 (11,000 km2 / 4,247 mi2) |
| Population |
| • 2014 estimate | 27,043,093 (45t) |
| • 2010 census | 24,200,000 |
| • Density | 101.5/km2 (262.9/sq mi) (103rd) |
| GDP (PPP) | 2017 estimate |
| • Total | $131.498 billion (70t) |
| • Per capita | $4,650 (126t) |
| GDP (nominal) | 2017 estimate |
| • Tot | $42.753 billion (69t) |
| • Per capita | $1,511 (126t) |
| Gini (2006) | 42.8 medium |
| HDI (2015) |  0.579 medium · 139th |
| Currency | Ghana cedi (GH₵) (GHS) |
| Time zone | UTC+0 (GMT) |
| Drivin side | richt |
| Cawin code | +233 |
| ISO 3166 code | GH |
| Internet TLD | .gh |

Territorial Organization
**Ghana** (ɡanə), offeecially the **Republic o Ghana**, is a kintra locate in Wast Africae. It mairches wastle wi Côte d'Ivoire (Ivory Coast), norlins wi Burkina Faso, eastle wi Togo, an soothlins wi the Gulf o Guinea. The wird *Ghana* means "Warrior Keeng" an is derived frae the auncient Ghana Empire.

Ghana wis dwallt in pre-colonial times bi a nummer o auncient predominantly Akan kinricks, includin the Akwamu on the easter strand, the inland Ashanti Empire an various Fante an non-Akan states, lik the Ga an Ewe, alang the strand an inland. The Mande-Gur speakin groups in the north o the kintra estaiblisht several Islamized states, in parteecular Dagbon an Gonja, an wis the middle-men in tred atween ither lairger sahelian Muslim states (lik Mali an Songhai) an the early Akan kinricks, inspecially in the gowd, sclave an saut tred. Tred wi European states fordert efter contack wi the Portuguese in the 15t century, an the Breetish estaiblisht the Gold Coast Crown colony in 1874.

The Gowd Coast gat roon unthirldom frae the Unitit Kinrick in 1957, becomin the first Sub-Saharan African naition tae dae the like, an the name Ghana wis chuisen for the new naition tae refleck the auncient Empire o Ghana, whilk ance stendit ootthrough a feck o wast Africae. Ghana is a memmer o the Sooth Atlantic Peace an Cooperation Zone, the Commonweel o Naitions, the Economic Community o Wast African States, the African Union, an an associate member o La Francophonie. Ghana is the seicont lairgest producer o cocoa in the warld an is hame tae Lake Volta, the lairgest artificial loch in the warld bi surface aurie.

## Etymology

Cairt o Ghana The wird *Ghana* means Warrior King an wis the title accorded tae the kings o the medieval West African Ghana Empire. Geographically, the Ghana Empire wis thareaboot 500 mile (800 km) north an wast o modren Ghana, an it ruled territories in the aurie o the Sénégal River an east taewart the Niger River, in modren Senegal, Mauritanie an Mali.

*Ghana* wis adoptit as the legal name for the Gowd Coast combined wi Breetish Togoland upo gainin autonomy on Mairch 6, 1957. It wis no till Julie 1, 1960, housomeivver, that Ghana threapit its complete unthirldom frae Breetain an became kent as the *Republic o Ghana*.