Rikunarita-ORG/Wikinium huggingface dataset:
# American Sign Leid

**American Sign Leid** (Inglis: *American Sign Language*, *ASL*) is the sign leid uisit in the Unitit States an Canadae, an is the first or preferrit leid o Deif fowk in the USA; There are 2,000,000 Deif adults in the USA an Canadae whu uise ASL plus an estimatit children. The leid makes uise o space an involves movement o the hands, body, face an heid. Mony thoosans o fowk who are no deif an aa uise ASL, as hearin relatives o deif fowk, sign leid interpreters or as a result o ither contact wi the American deif community.
# Freedom o releegion

*Freedom o Releegion*, bi the Belgian sculptor Eugène Simonis
**Freedom o releegion** or **freedom o belief** is a principle that supports the freedom o an individual or commonty, in public or private, to manifest releegion or belief in teachin, practice, worship, an observance. It an aa includes the freedom tae chynge ane's releegion or belief.
# Breetish Columbie

| Breetish Columbie *British Columbia*  (Inglis) *Colombie-Britannique*  (French) |
| --- |
| BannerCoat airms |
| Motto(s): *Laitin: *Splendor sine occasu** (Inglis: *Splendour without diminishment*) |
| Map o Canadae wi Breetish Columbie heichlichtit |
| Confederation | 20 Julie 1871 (7t) |
| Capital | Victoria |
| Lairgest ceety | Vancouver  |
| Lairgest metro | Metro Vancouver |
|  |
| Govrenment |
|  • Teep | Constitutional monarchy |
|  • Lieutenant-Govrenor | Janet Austin |
|  • Premier | David Eby (BC NDP)  |
| Legislatur | Legislative Assembly of British Columbia |
| Federal representation | (in Canadian Pairlament) |
| Hoose seats | 36 o 338 (10.7%) |
| Senate seats | 6 o 105 (5.7%) |
|  |
| Area |
|  • Total | 944735 km2 (364,764 sq mi) |
|  • Laund | 925186 km2 (357,216 sq mi) |
|  • Water | 19549 km2 (7,548 sq mi)  2.1% |
| Area rank | Rankit 5th |
|   | 9.5% o Canadae |
| Population (2011) |
|  • Total | 4,400,057 |
|  • Rank | Rankit 3rd |
|  • Density | 4.76/km2 (12.3/sq mi) |
| Demonym(s) | Breetish Columbiae  |
| Offeecial leids | Inglis (*de facto*) |
|  |
| GDP |
|  • Rank | 4t |
|  • Tot (2009) | C$191.006 billion |
|  • Per capita | C$41,689 (7th) |
| Time zone | UTC−8 & −7 |
| Postal abbr. | BC |
| Postal code prefix | V |
| ISO 3166 code | CA-BC |
| Flouer | Pacific Dogwood |
| Tree | Western Red Cedar |
| Bird | Steller's Jay |
| Website | www.gov.bc.ca |
| Rankins include aw provinces an territories |

**Breetish Columbie** (Inglis: *British Columbia*, French: *Colombie-Britannique*) is the wastrenmaist o Canadae's provinces an is kent for its natural beauty, as reflectit in its Laitin motto, *Splendor sine occasu* ("Splendour athoot Diminishment"). Its name wis chosen bi Queen Victoria in 1858. In 1871, it became the saxt province o Canadae.

The caipital o Breetish Columbie is Victoria, the fifteent lairgest metropolitan region in Canadae. The lairgest ceety is Vancouver, the third-lairgest metropolitan aurie in Canadae an the seicont-lairgest in the Paceefic Northwast.
# Scottish Society for Prevention of Cruelty to Animals

The **Scottish Society for Prevention of Cruelty to Animals** is a charity that ettles tae forder ainimal weelfare.

It wis foondit in 1839 wi the aim o betterin the weelfare o cairt-horse. It haes 13 ainimal weelfare centres that helps mair nor 15,000 ainimals ilka year. The associe is weel kent internaitionaly fir its traitment o seabirds fund in ile-sliks.
# Shamanism

**Shamanism** (/ˈʃɑːmən/ SHAH**-mən* or /ˈʃeɪmən/ SHAY**-mən*) is a practice that involves a practitioner reachin altered states o consciousness in order tae encoonter an interact wi the spirit warld an channel these transcendental energies intae this warld.

## Films

* Quantum Men (Carlos Serrano Azcona) Spain 2011

* Other Worlds (Jan Kounen) France 2004

* Bells From the Deep (Werner Herzog) Germany 1993

* The Mad Masters (Jean Rouch) France 1955

* Au pays des mages noirs (Jean Rouch) France 1947
# Agnosticism

**Agnosticism** is the view that the truth value o certaint claims—especially claims aboot the existence or non-existence o ony deity, but an' a' ither releegious an metaphysical claims—is unkent or unkenable. Agnosticism can be defined in various ways, an is whiles uised tae indicate doubt or a skeptical approach tae questions. In some senses, agnosticism is a stance aboot the similarities or differences atween belief an knawledge, rather than aboot ony specific claim or belief.

Thomas Henry Huxley, an Inglis biologist, coined the wird *agnostic* in 1869. Housomeivver, earlier thinkers an written works hae promotit agnostic pynts o view. Thay include Protagoras, a 5t-century BCE Greek philosopher, an the Nasadiya Sukta creation meeth in the Rig Veda, an auncient Hindu releegious text. Syne Huxley coined the term, mony ither thinkers hae written extensively aboot agnosticism.
# North Africae

Northern Africa (UN subregion)
  geographic, including above
**North Africae** or **Northren Africae** is the northmaist region o the African continent, linkit bi the Sahara tae Sub-Saharan Africae. Geopolitically, the Unitit Naitions definition o Northren Africae includes aicht kintras or territories; Algerie, Egyp, Libie, Morocco, Sooth Sudan, Sudan, Tunisie, an Wastren Sahara. Algerie, Morocco, Tunisie, Mauritanie, an Libie thegither are an aw referred tae as the Maghreb or **Maghrib**, while Egyp is a transcontinental kintra bi virtue o the Sinai Peninsulae, which is in Asie. The ither notable pairt o North Africae is the territory o the Wastren Sudan. Three sma Spaingie *plazas de soberanía* – tiny islets wi military bases aff the coast o Morocco wi nae ceevilian population – are in the aurie, an the Spaingie Canary Islands an Portuguese Madeira Islands, in the North Atlantic Ocean northwast o the African mainland, are whiles includit in considerations o the region.

Mony scholars hae emphasized a destinction atween Northren Africae an the rest o Africae as historically an ecologically significant acause it haes been assertit the the Sahara desert haes made it sae that contact wi Sub-Saharan Africae wis limitit an that the culturs o North Africae became hintle mair closely teed tae Soothwastren Asie an Europe. Indeed, the modren Islamic influence in the aurie is significant, an North Africae, alang wi the Middle East, is a major pairt o the Arab Warld. Recent wirk in the field o Saharan studies an airchaeology housomeivver, are beginnin tae quaisten this paradigm, pairticularly wi respect tae historicizin the region.

Some researchers hae postulatit that North Africae, an no East or Sooth Africae, wis the oreeginal hame o the modren humans who first trekkit oot o the continent.

## Freemit airtins

* Human Rights for Indigenous Peoples
* North Africa's Weather Forecasts and Weather Conditions Archived 2021-03-07 at the Wayback Machine
* North Africa news and analysis
* Africa Interactive Map Archived 2010-01-17 at the Wayback Machine frae the United States Army Africa
# Grenada

| **GrenadaLa Grenade* (French) |
| --- |
|
Banner

Coat o airms

 |
| **Motto:**"Ever Conscious of God We Aspire, Build and Advance as One People" |
| **Anthem:Hail Grenada*

---

**Ryal anthem:God Save the King* |
| Map indicatin the location o Grenada in the Lesser Antilles |
| Caipital | St. George's ﻿ / ﻿ |
| Lairgest ceety | capital |
| Offeecial leids | * Inglis
 |
| Recognised regional leids | Grenadian Creole Inglis Grenadian Creole French |
| Ethnic groups (2001) | * 89.4% African
* 8.2% Mixed
* 1.6% Indian
* 0.9% ither (includes indigenous)
 |
| Demonym(s) | Grenadian |
| Govrenment | Pairlamentar democracy unner constitutional monarchy |
|  |
| • Monarch  | Charles III |
| • Govrenor-General  | Cécile La Grenade |
| • Prime Meenister  | Keith Mitchell |
|  |
| Legislatur | Pairlament |
| • Upper house | Senate |
| • Lower house | Hoose o Representatives |
| Formation |
|  |
| • Associatit State  | Mairch 3, 1967 |
| • Independence frae the Unitit Kinrick  | Februar 7, 1974 |
| • Grenadian Revolution  | Mairch 13, 1979 |
| • Constitution Restoration  | December 4, 1984 |
|  |
| Aurie |
| • Total | 348.5 km2 (134.6 sq mi) (185th) |
| • Water (%) | 1.6 |
| Population |
| • 2016 estimate | 107,317 (185t) |
| • Density | 318.58/km2 (825.1/sq mi) (45t) |
| GDP (PPP) | 2016 estimate |
| • Total | $1.457 billion |
| • Per capita | $13,599 |
| GDP (nominal) | 2016 estimate |
| • Tot | $1 billion |
| • Per capita | $9,332 |
| HDI (2014) |  0.750 heich · 79th |
| Currency | East Caribbean dollar (XCD) |
| Time zone | UTC−4 |
| • Summer (DST) | UTC−4 |
| Drivin side | caur |
| Cawin code | +1-473 |
| ISO 3166 code | GD |
| Internet TLD | .gd |
| 1. Plus trace o Arawak / Carib.
 |

Territorial organization
**Grenada** (pronounced /ɡrɨˈneɪdə/*(deprecatit template)*) is an island kintra an Commonweel Realm consistin o the island o Grenada an sax smawer islands at the soothren end o the Grenadines in the sootheastren Caribbean Sea. Grenada is locatit northwast o Trinidad an Tobago, northeast o Venezuela, an soothwast o Saunt Vincent an the Grenadines.

Grenada is forby cried the "Island o Spice" due tae the production o nitmug an mace crops o which Grenada is ane o the warld's lairgest exporters.

Its size is 344 square kilometres (133 sq mi), wi an estimatit population o 110,000. Its caipital is St. George's. The naitional bird o Grenada is the critically endangered Grenada Dove.

## Gallarie

*
*
*
*
*
*
*
*
*
*
*
*
# Aruba

| Aruba  |
| --- |
|
Banner

Coat o airms

 |
| **Anthem:Aruba Dushi Tera* *Aruba, Dear Kintra*  |
| Location o  Aruba  (circled in red)in the Caribbean  (light yellow) |
| Caipital and largest city | Oranjestad ﻿ / ﻿ |
| Offeecial leids | * Dutch
* Papiamento
 |
| Releegion  | 81% Roman Catholic |
| Demonym(s) | Aruban |
| Sovereign state |  Kinrick o the Netherlands |
| Govrenment | Unitary pairlamentary representative democracy unner constitutional monarchy |
|  |
| • Monarch  | Willem-Alexander |
| • Governor  | Alfonso Boekhoudt |
| • Prime Meenister  | Evelyn Wever-Croes |
|  |
| Legislatur | Estates o Aruba |
| Autonomy frae the Netherlands Antilles |
|  |
| • Date  | 1 Januar 1986 |
|  |
| Aurie |
| • Total | 178.91 km2 (69.08 sq mi) |
| • Water (%) | negligible |
| Population |
| • 2013 estimate | 102,911 (197t) |
| • Density | 575.21/km2 (1,489.8/sq mi) (22nt) |
| GDP (PPP) | 2009 estimate |
| • Total | US$2.516 billion (182nt) |
| GDP (nominal) | 2013 estimate |
| • Tot | US$2.565 billion (162th) |
| • Per capita | US$24,924 (32nt) |
| Currency | Aruban florin (AWG) |
| Time zone | UTC−4 (AST) |
| Drivin side | richt |
| Cawin code | +297 |
| ISO 3166 code | AW |
| Internet TLD | .aw |

**Aruba** (Dutch pronunciation: [aːˈrubaː], Papiamento: [aˈruba]) is an island in the soothren Caribbean Sea, locatit aboot 1,600 kilometre (990 mi) wast o the Lesser Antilles an 29 kilometre (18 mi) north o the coast o Venezuela.
# Leucippus

| Leucippus |
| --- |
| Leucippus |
| Born | Early 5t century BCE Abdera or Miletus |
| Dee'd | 5t century BCE |
|  |
| Era | Pre-Socratic filosofie |
| Region | Wastren Filosofie |
| Schuil | Pre-Socratic filosofie: Atomism, Materialism |
| Main interests | Metapheesics |
| Notable ideas | Atomism |
|
Influences[show]
* Zeno o Elea
 |
|
Influenced[show]
* Democritus
 |
|  |

**Leucippus** (/luːˈsɪpəs/; Greek: Λεύκιππος, *Leukippos*; fl. 5t century BCE) is reportit in some auncient soorces tae hae been a filosofer who wis the earliest Greek tae develop the theory o atomism — the idea that everything is componed entirely o various imperishable, indivisible elements cried atoms.
# Thocht experiment

A famous example, Schrödinger's cat (1935), presents a cat that micht be alive or dead, dependin on an earlier random event. It illustrates the problem o the Copenhagen interpretation applied tae everyday objects.
A **thocht experiment** or Gedankenexperiment (frae German) considers some hypothesis, theory, or principle for the purpose o thinkin throu its consequences.
# COVID-19

| Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) |
| --- |
| Synonyms | * 2019-nCoV acute respiratory disease
* Novel coronavirus pneumonia
* Wuhan pneumonia
 |
|  |
| Symptoms |
| Specialty | Infectious diseases |
| Symptoms | Fiver, coch, shortness o braith |
| Complications | Pneumonie, ARDS, kidney failyie |
| Causes | SARS-CoV-2 |
| Risk factors | Nae takkin preventive meisurs |
| Diagnostic method | PCR testin, medical eemagin |
| Prevention | Correct haund washin technique, coch etiquette, avydin close contack wi seik fowk or subclinical cairiers |
| Treatment | Symptomatic an supportive |
| Daiths | Template:Cases in 2019–20 coronavirus ootbrak (3 tae 4% o confirmed cases; lawer whan unconfirmed cases are includit) |

**Coronavirus disease 2019** (**COVID-19**) is an infectious disease caused bi SARS-CoV-2, a virus closely relatit tae the SARS virus. It caused a pandemic fae the 11t o Mairch 2020 til the 5t o Mey 2023.
# Abraham Maslow

| Abraham Maslow |
| --- |
| Born | Abraham Harold Maslow April 1, 1908 (1908-04) Brooklyn, New York Ceety, New York, U.S. |
| Dee'd | 8 Juin 1970(1970-06-08) (aged 62) Menlo Park, Californie, U.S. |
| Naitionality | American |
| Alma mater | Varsity o Wisconsin–Madison |
| Kent for | Maslow's hierarchy o needs |
| Hauf-marrae(s) | Bertha Goodman Maslow (m. 1928) |
| Bairns | * Ann Maslow
* Ellen Maslow
 |
| **Scientific career** |
| Fields | Psychology |
| Institutions | * Cornell Varsity
* Brooklyn College
* Brandeis Varsity
 |
| Doctoral advisor | Harry Harlow |
| Influences | * Alfred Adler
* Kurt Goldstein
* Henry Murray
 |
| Influenced | * Douglas McGregor
* Roberto Assagioli
* Colin Wilson
* Abbie Hoffman
* Wayne Dyer
* Elliot Aronson
 |
|  |

**Abraham Harold Maslow** (/ˈmæzloʊ/; 1 Apryle 1908 – 8 Juin 1970) wis an American psychologist that wis best kent for creatin Maslow's hierarchy o needs, a theory o psychological heal predicatit on fulfillin innate human needs in priority, culminatin in sel-actualisation.

Maslow's hierarchy o needs
# Norwich

| Norwich |
| --- |
| Ceety & Nan-metropolitan destrict |
| Norwich in March 2009 |
| Coat airms |
| Shown athin Norfolk |
| Coordinates: ﻿ / ﻿ |
| Kintra | Unitit Kinrick |
| Constituent kintra | Ingland |
| Region | East o Ingland |
| Coonty | Norfolk |
| Govrenment |
|  • Teep | Nan-metropolitan destrict |
|  • Local Authority | Norwich City Council |
|  • MPs | Clive Lewis (Labour) Chloe Smith (Conservative) |
| Area |
|  • Ceety & Nan-metropolitan destrict | 39.02 km2 (15.07 sq mi) |
| Population (2011 est.) |
|  • Ceety & Nan-metropolitan destrict | 147,835 (Ranked 144t) |
|  • Urban | 213,166 |
|  • Urban density | 3388/km2 (8,770/sq mi) |
|  • Metro | 376,500 (Travel to Work Area) |
|  • Ethnicity (2011 census) | White (90.9%) Asian (4.5%) Mixed (2.3%) Black (1.6%) Arab (0.5%) Other (0.4%) |
| Time zone | UTC+0 (Greenwich Mean Time) |
| Postcode | NR1–NR16 |
| Area code(s) | 01603 |
| ONS code | 33UK |

**Norwich** (/ˈnɒrᵻdʒ/ NORR**-ij* or /ˈnɒrᵻtʃ/ NORR**-ich*) is a ceety in Ingland. It is the regional admeenistrative centre an coonty toun o Norfolk. Durin the 11t century, Norwich wis the seicont lairgest ceety in Ingland, efter Lunnon, an ane o the maist important places in the kinrick.

The built-up area o Norwich haes a population o 259,100. This aurie extends ayont the ceety bundary, wi extensive suburban auries on the wastren, northren an eastren sides, includin Costessey, Hellesdon, Old Catton, Sprowston an Thorpe St Andrew. The parliamentary seats cross ower intae adjacent local govrenment destricts. 135,800 (2008 est.) fowk live in the City of Norwich an the population o the Norwich Travel tae Wirk Aurie (i.e. the aurie o Norwich in which maist fowk baith live an wirk) is 367,035 (the 1991 figure wis 351,340). Norwich is the fowert maist densely populated local govrenment destrict athin the East o Ingland wi 3,480 fowk per square kilometre (8,993 per square mile).

## Twinned ceeties

Offeecially:

* Novi Sad, Serbie
* Rouen, Fraunce
* Koblenz, Germany

Unoffeecially:

* El Viejo, Nicaragua.
# Édith Piaf

| Édith Piaf |
| --- |
| Piaf in 1962 |
| Born | Édith Giovanna Gassion 19 December 1915(1915-12-19) Belleville, Paris |
| Dee'd | 10 October 1963(1963-10-10) (aged 47) Plascassier, Grasse, Fraunce |
| Ither names | La Môme Piaf (*The Little Sparrow*) |
| Thrift | * French cabaret sangster
* sangwriter
* actress
 |
| **Muisical career** |
| Genres | * Cabaret
* Torch sangs
* Chanson
* Muisical theatre
 |
| Instruments | Voice |
| Years active | 1935–1963 |
| Labels | * Pathé, Pathé-Marconi
* Capitol/EMI (US and Canada)
* Parlophone/WEA (2013–present)
 |
| Associate acts | * Théo Sarapo
* Jacques Pills
* Yves Montand
* Charles Aznavour
* Les Compagnons de la chanson
 |
|  |
| Signatur | File:EdithPiafSignature.svg |

**Édith Piaf** (French: [edit pjaf] ( listen); 19 December 1915 – 10 October 1963; born **Édith Giovanna Gassion**) wis a French cabaret sangster, sangwriter an actress wha acame widely regairdit as Fraunce's naitional chanteuse, as well as bein ane o Fraunce's greatest internaitional starns.

Her muisic wis eften autobiografical wi her sangin reflectin her life, an her specialty bein chanson an torch ballads, pairteecularly o luve, loss an sorrae. Amang her well-kent sangs are "La Vie en rose" (1946), "Non, je ne regrette rien" (1960), "Hymne à l'amour" (1949), "Milord" (1959), "La Foule" (1957), "L'Accordéoniste" (1955), an "Padam ... Padam ..." (1951).

Syne her premature daith in 1963 an wi the aid o several biografies an films includin 2007's Academy Awaird winnin *La Vie en rose*, Piaf haes acquired a legacy as ane o the greatest performers o the 20t century, an her vyce an muisic continue tae be celebratit globally.
# Govrenment o the Unitit Kinrick

| His Majesty's Government |
| --- |
| Welsh: *Llywodraeth y Deyrnas Unedig* Erse: *Rialtas na Ríochta Aontaithe* Scots: Govrenment o the Unitit Kinrick |
| File:HM Government logo.svg |
| Owerview |
| State | Unitit Kinrick |
| Leader | Prime Minister
(Rishi Sunak) |
| Appyntit bi | King o the Unitit Kinrick (Charles III) |
| Main organ | Cabinet o the Unitit Kinrick |
| Responsible tae | Parliament o the Unitit Kinrick |
| Annual budget | GB£882 billion |
| Heidquarters | 10 Downing Street, Lunnon |
| Wabsteid |  |

**Her Majesty's Govrenment** (**HMG**), for common referrt to sae the **British Govrenment**, is the middlins govrenment o the Unitit Kinrick o Graet Breetain an Northren Ireland.
# Swaden

| Kinrick o Swaden Konungariket Sverige |
| --- |
|
Banner

Greater coat o airms

 |
| **Motto:**(royal) "*För Sverige – i tiden*" "For Swaden – Wi the Times" |
| **Anthem:Du gamla, Du friaThoo auncient, thoo free*

---

**Ryal anthem:KungssångenSang o the Keeng* |
| Location o  Swaden  (dark green)– on the European continent  (green & dark grey) – in the European Union  (green)  —  [Legend] |
| Caipital and largest city | Stockholm ﻿ / ﻿ |
| Offeecial leids | Swadish |
| Ethnic groups  | Na offeecial statistics |
| Demonym(s) | * Swadish
* Swede
 |
| Govrenment | Unitar pairlamentar constitutional monarchy |
|  |
| • King  | Carl XVI Gustaf |
| • Speaker  | Andreas Norlén |
| • Prime Meenister  | Ulf Kristersson |
|  |
| Legislatur | Riksdag |
| History |
|  |
| • A unifee'd Swadish kinrick established  | Bi the early 12t century |
| • Pairt o Kalmar Union  | 1397–1523 |
| • Pairt o Swadish-Norse Union  | 4 November 1814 – August 1905 |
| • Jyned the European Union  | 1 Januar 1995 |
|  |
| Aurie |
| • Total | 450,295 km2 (173,860 sq mi) (55t) |
| • Water (%) | 8.7 |
| Population |
| • 30 June 2017 census | 10,053,061  (89t) |
| • Density | 22.0/km2 (57.0/sq mi) (196t) |
| GDP (PPP) | 2020 estimate |
| • Total | $563.882 billion (39th) |
| • Per capita | $52,477 (16t) |
| GDP (nominal) | 2020 estimate |
| • Tot | $528.929 (23rd) |
| • Per capita | $50,339 (12t) |
| Gini (2020) |  26.9 law |
| HDI (2019) |  0.945 verra heich · 7t |
| Currency | Swadish krona (SEK) |
| Time zone | UTC+1 (CET) |
| • Summer (DST) | UTC+2 (CEST) |
| Date format | yyyy-mm-dd |
| Drivin side | richt |
| Cawin code | +46 |
| Internet TLD | .se |
| 1. **^** "*För Sverige – I tiden*" haes been adoptit bi Carl XVI Gustaf as his personal motto.
2. **^Du gamla, Du fria** haes niver been offeecially adoptit as naitional anthem, but is sae bi convention.
3. **^** Syne 1 Julie 2009. Five ither leids are offeecially recognised as minority leids: Finnish, Meänkieli, Romani, Sami, an Yiddish. The Swadish Sign Leid an aa haes a special status.
4. **^** On 31 December 2012, approximately 27% o the population haed a full or pairtial furrin backgrund.
5. **^** Since 3 September 1967.
6. **^** The .eu domain is an aa uised, as it is shared wi ither European Union member states.
 |

Territorial organization
The **Kinrick o Swaden** (Swadish: *Sverige*) is a Nordic kintra on the Scandinavian hauf-island. It's a constitutional monarchy, an the king is Carl XVI Gustaf. Aboot 10,000,000 fowk bydes in Swaden. The caipital ceety o Swaden is Stockholm, that haes aboot 2.1 million indwallers. Swaden is a member o the European Union. It haes mairches wi Norawa an Finland.
# Studebaker

Studebaker Corporation| Industrie | Vehicle manufactur |
| Foondit | Februar 1852 (1852-02) |
| Foonder | Studebaker brithers |
| Defunct | Mey 1967 (1967-05) |
| Heidquarters | South Bend, Indiana, USA |
| Products | Automobiles historic wagons, carriages an harness |
| Parent | Studebaker Brothers Manufacturing Company |

**Studebaker Corporation**, or simply **Studebaker** (/ˈstuːdəbeɪkər/, *'*ST**OO'-də-bay-kər*), wis a Unitit States wagon an automobile manufacturer based in Sooth Bend, Indiana. Foondit in 1852 an incorporatit in 1868 unner the name o the Studebaker Brothers Manufacturing Company, the company wis originally a producer o wagons for farmers, miners, an the military.

Studebaker entered the automotive business in 1902 wi electric vehicles an in 1904 wi petrol vehicles, all selt unner the name "Studebaker Automobile Company". Till 1911, its automotive division operatit in partnership wi the E-M-F Company an the Garford Company o Elyria, Ohio.

The first petrol caurs tae be fully manufactured bi Studebaker wur marketit in August 1912. Ower the next 50 years, the company established an enviable reputation for quality an reliability. The Sooth Bend plant ceased production on December 20, 1963, an the last Studebaker caur rolled off the Hamilton, Ontario, Canadae, plant on Mairch 16, 1966.
# John Ruskin

| John Ruskin |
| --- |
| John Ruskin in 1863 |
| Born | 8 Februar 1819(1819-02-08) 54 Hunter Street, Brunswick Square, Lunnon, Ingland |
| Dee'd | 20 Januar 1900(1900-01-20) (aged 80) Brantwood, Coniston, Lancashire, Ingland |
| Thrift | Writer, airt creetic, drauchtsman, wattercolourist, social thinker |
| Ceetizenship | Inglis |
| Alma mater | Christ Church, Varsity o Oxford King's College London |
| Period | Victorian era |
| Notable warks | *Modern Painters* 5 vols. (1843–60), *The Seven Lamps of Architecture* (1849), *The Stones of Venice* 3 vols. (1851–53), *Unto This Last* (1860, 1862), *Fors Clavigera* (1871–84), *Praeterita* 3 vols. (1885–89). |
| Spoose | Euphemia Chalmers Gray (1848–1854) (mairiage annulled) |
|

---

 |
| Signatur |  |

**John Ruskin** (8 Februar 1819 – 20 Januar 1900) wis the leadin Inglis airt creetic o the Victorian era, as well as an airt patron, drauchtsman, wattercolourist, a prominent social thinker an philanthropist.
# Protest

Demonstration agin the Preses o Iran Mahmoud Ahmadinejad durin the Rio+20 conference in Brazil, Juin 2012
A **protest** (cried a **remonstrance**, **remonstration** or **demonstration** an aw) is an expression o bearin witness on behauf o an express cause bi wirds or actions wi regaird tae pairteecular events, policies or situations.