Rikunarita-ORG/Wikinium huggingface dataset:
# Feudalism

**Feudalism** wis a combination o legal an militar customs in medieval Europe that flourished atween the 9t an 15t centuries. Braidly defined, it wis a wey o structurin society aroond relationships derived frae the hauldin o laund in exchynge for service or labour. Awtho derived frae the Latin wird *feodum* or *feudum* (fief), then in uise, the term *feudalism* an the seestem it descrives war nae conceived o as a formal poleetical seestem bi the fowk leevin in the Middle Ages. In its clessic defineetion, bi François-Louis Ganshof (1944), *feudalism* descrives a set o reciprocal legal an militar obligations amang the warrior nobility revolvin aroond the three key concepts o lairds, vassals an fiefs.

A braider definddtion o feudalism, as descrived bi Marc Bloch (1939), includes nae anerly the obligations o the warrior nobility but an aw thae o aw three estates o the realm: the nobility, the clergy, an the peisantry boond bi manorialism; this is sometimes referred tae as a "feudal society". Syne the publication o Elizabeth A. R. Brown's "The Tyranny of a Construct" (1974) an Susan Reynolds's *Fiefs and Vassals* (1994), thare has been ongaein inconclusive discussion amang medieval historians as tae whither feudalism is a uisefu construct for unnerstaundin medieval society.
# Hillary Clinton

| Hillary Rodham Clinton |
| --- |
|  |
|  |
| 67t Unitit States Secretar o State |
| **In office** Januar 21, 2009 – Februar 1, 2013 |
| Preses | Barack Obama |
| Depute | James Steinberg William Burns |
| Precedit bi | Condoleezza Rice |
| Succeedit bi | John Kerry |
| Unitit States Senator frae New York |
| **In office** Januar 3, 2001 – Januar 21, 2009 |
| Precedit bi | Daniel Patrick Moynihan |
| Succeedit bi | Kirsten Gillibrand |
| First Leddy o the Unitit States |
| **In office** Januar 20, 1993 – Januar 20, 2001 |
| Preses | Bill Clinton |
| Precedit bi | Barbara Bush |
| Succeedit bi | Laura Bush |
| First Lady o Arkansas |
| **In office** Januar 11, 1983 – December 12, 1992 |
| Govrenor | Bill Clinton |
| Precedit bi | Gay Daniels White |
| Succeedit bi | Betty Tucker |
| **In office** Januar 9, 1979 – Januar 19, 1981 |
| Govrenor | Bill Clinton |
| Precedit bi | Barbara Pryor |
| Succeedit bi | Gay Daniels White |
|  |
| Personal details |
| Born | Hillary Diane Rodham  (1947-10-26) 26 October 1947 Chicago, Illinois, U.S. |
| Poleetical pairty | Democratic (1968–present) |
| Ither poleetical affiliations | Republican (Before 1968) |
| Spoose(s) | Bill Clinton (m. 1975) |
| Bairns | Chelsea (b. 1980) |
| Alma mater | Wellesley College Yale Varsity |
| Religion | Methodism |
| Signatur |  |
| Wabsteid | Offeecial wabsteid |

**Hillary Diane Rodham Clinton** (/ˈhɪləri daɪˈæn ˈrɒdəm ˈklɪntən/; born October 26, 1947) is an umwhile Unitit States Secretar o State, U.S. Senator, an First Leddy o the Unitit States. Frae 2009 tae 2013, she wis the 67t Secretar o State, servin unner Preses Barack Obama. She previously representit New York in the Unitit States Senate (2001 tae 2009). Afore that, as the wife o Preses Bill Clinton, she wis First Lady frae 1993 tae 2001. In the 2008 election, Clinton wis a leadin candidate for the Democratic presidential nomination. She is the Democratic nominee for Preses o the Unitit States in 2016, runnin against Donald Trump, candidate for the Republican Pairty.
# Victoria, Breetish Columbie

| Victoria |
| --- |
| Ceety |
| City of Victoria |
| Clockwise frae top left: The Inner Victoria Harbour, Statue o Queen Victoria, the Fisgard Lighthouse, Neo-Baroque airchitectur o the British Columbia Parliament Buildings, The British Columbia Parliament Buildings, The Empress Hotel, an The Christ Church Cathedral. |
| Motto(s): *Semper Liber* (Laitin) (Translation: "Forever free") |
| Coordinates: ﻿ / ﻿ |
| Kintra | Canadae |
| Province | Breetish Columbie |
| Regional Destrict | Caipital |
| Incorporatit | 2 August 1862 |
| Govrenment |
|  • Mayor | Dean Fortin (past mayors) |
|  • Govrenin body | Victoria City Council |
|  • MP | Denise Savoie |
|  • MLAs | Carole James, Rob Fleming, Maurine Karagianis |
| Area |
|  • Ceety | 19.47 km2 (7.52 sq mi) |
|  • Metro | 696.15 km2 (268.79 sq mi) |
| Elevation | 23 m (75 ft) |
| Population (2011) |
|  • Ceety | 80,032
(67t) |
|  • Density | 4109.4/km2 (10,643/sq mi) |
|  • Metro | 344,630 (15t) |
|  • Metro density | 495/km2 (1,280/sq mi) |
| Time zone | UTC-8 (PST) |
| Postal code span | V0S, V8N-V8Z, V9A-V9E |
| Area code(s) | 250 an 778 |
| NTS Map | 092B06 |
| GNBC Code | JBOBQ |
| Website | Victoria.ca |

**Victoria** (/**[unsupported input]**vɪkˈtɔːriə/) is the caipital ceety o Breetish Columbie, Canada an is locatit on the soothren tip o Vancouver Island aff Canadae's Pacific coast. The ceety haes a population o aboot 80,017 athin the metropolitan aurie o Greater Victoria, which haes a population o 344,615, the 15t maist populous Canadian metro region. Sometimes Victoria is cried "a bit o Auld England" acause o its bonnie gardens.

## Sister ceeties

Victoria haes five Sister ceeties:

* Khabarovsk, Roushie
* Napier, New Zealand
* Morioka, Japan
* Suzhou, Fowkrepublic o Cheenae
* Anacortes, Washington (US)
# Unitit States Capitol

Unitit States Capitol
The **Unitit States Capitol** is a buildin whaur aw members o Congress meet. It is whaur the Senate an aw o the Hoose o Representatives meet. It is whaur new laws are made an proposit.
# AT&T

AT&T Inc.|  |
| Teep | Public |
| Treddit as | NYSE: T *Dow Jones Industrial Average Component S&P 500 Component* |
| Industrie | Telecommunications |
| Predecessor | American Telephone and Telegraph Company |
| Foondit | 5 October 1983 (1983-10-05) |
| Heidquarters | Whitacre Touer, Downtown, Dallas, Texas, Unitit States |
| Key fowk | Randall Stephenson (Chairman & CEO) |
| Products | Fixed line an mobile telephony, broadband an fixed-line internet services, deegital televeesion |
| Revenue |  US$163.8 billion (2016) |
| Operatin income |  US$24.347 billion (2016) |
| Net income |  US$13.33 billion (2016) |
| Tot assets |  US$403.82 billion (2016) |
| Tot equity |  US$124.11 billion (2016) |
| Nummer o employees | 273,000 |
| Subsidiaries | AT&T Corporation AT&T Mobility BellSouth Southwestern Bell AT&T Teleholdings Aio Wireless |
| Wabsteid | ATT.com |
| **Footnotes / references** for DJIA listing,  |

**AT&T Inc.** (stylized as **at&t**) is an American multinaitional telecommunications corporation, headquartert at Whitacre Touer in downtown Dallas, Texas. AT&T is the lairgest provider baith o mobile telephony an o fixed telephony in the Unitit States, an an aa provides broadband subscription televeesion services. AT&T is the third-lairgest company in Texas (the lairgest non-ile company, behind anly ExxonMobil an ConocoPhillips, an an aa the lairgest Dallas company). As of Mey 2013, AT&T is the 21st lairgest company in the warld bi market value, an the 13t lairgest non-ile company. As of 2013, it is an aa the 21st lairgest mobile telecom operator in the warld, wi ower 107.9 million mobile customers.
# Baltimore

Baltimore
**Baltimore** (/ˈbɔːltᵻˌmɔːr/, locally: [ˈbɔɫ.mɔɻ]) is the lairgest independent ceety in the Unitit States an the lairgest ceety an cultural centre o the US state o Maryland. The ceety is locatit in central Maryland alang the tidal portion o the Patapsco River, an airm o the Chesapeake Bay. Baltimore is whiles referred tae as **Baltimore Ceety** in order tae distinguish it frae surroondin Baltimore Coonty. Foondit in 1729, Baltimore is the lairgest U.S. seaport in the Mid-Atlantic an is situatit closer tae major Midwastren mercats than ony ither major seaport on the East Coast. Baltimore's Inner Harbor wis ance the seicont leadin port o entry for immigrants tae the Unitit States an a major manufacturin centre. The harbour is nou hame tae Harborplace, a shoppin, entertainment, an tourist centre, an the National Aquarium in Baltimore. Accordin tae Forbes, the ceety o Baltimore wis ratit 3rd best place tae shop in 2010. Efter a decline in manufacturin, Baltimore shiftit tae a service-orientit economy. Johns Hopkins University an Johns Hopkins Hospital are nou the ceety's lairgest employers.

At 620,961 in 2010, Baltimore's population haes been decreasin considerably syne the 1970s. The Baltimore Metropolitan Aurie haes approximately 2.7 million residents; the 21st lairgest in the kintra. Baltimore is an aa the lairgest ceety in the surroondin associatit combined statistical aurie o approximately 8.4 million residents.

The ceety is named efter Lord Baltimore, a member o the Erse Hoose o Lords an the foondin proprietor o the Maryland Colony. Baltimore hissel teuk his title frae a place in Bornacoola parish, Coonty Leitrim an Coonty Longford, Ireland. Baltimore is an anglicised form o the Erse *Baile an Tí Mhóir*, meanin "Toun o the Big Hoose", no tae be ramfeeselt wi Baltimore, Coonty Cork, the Erse name o which is *Dún na Séad*.

## Sister ceeties

The ceety o Baltimore includes the follaein sister ceeties belaw:

* Alexandria, Egyp (1995)
* Ashkelon, Israel (2005)
* Bremerhaven, Germany (2007)
* Gbarnga, Liberie (1973)
* Genoa, Italy (1985)
* Kawasaki, Japan (1978)
* Luxor, Egyp (1982)
* Odessa, Ukraine (1974)
* Piraeus, Greece (1982)
* Rotterdam, Netherlands (1985)
* Xiamen, Fowkrepublic o Cheenae (1985)
# Vice Preses o the Unitit States

| Vice Preses o the Unitit States o Americae Preses o the Unitit States Senate |
| --- |
| Vice Presidential Seal |
| Vice Presidential Staundart |
| **Incumbent JD Vance** since 20 Januar 2025 |
| Office o the Vice Preses |
| Style | Mister Vice Preses (Informal) The Honorable (Formal) Mister Preses (As presidin officer o the Senate) |
| Member o | Cabinet Naitional Security Cooncil |
| Residence | Number One Observatory Circle |
| Seat | Washington, D.C., USA |
| Appynter | Electoral College |
| Term length | Fower years |
| Constitutin instrument | U. S. Constitution |
| Furmation | Mairch 4, 1789 |
| First haulder | John Adams (Aprile 21, 1789) |
| Succession | First in the presidential line o succession |
| Wabsteid | www.whitehouse.gov |

The **Vice Preses o the Unitit States** is the seicont heichest public office creatit bi the Unitit States Constitution. The Vice Preses, thegither wi the Preses o the Unitit States, is indirectly electit bi the fowk throu the Electoral College tae a fower-year term o office. The Vice Preses is the first person in the presidential line o succession, an would ascend tae the Presidency upon the daith, resignation, or removal o the Preses.
# Physician

A **physician** or **physeecian** is a professional wha practices medicin, whilk is concerned wi promotin, maintainin or sturkenin human heal through the study, diagnosis, an treatment o disease, skaith, an ither physical an mental impairments.
# Garda Síochána

| An Garda Síochána |
| --- |
| Common name | Gardaí |
|  |
| Shield o An Garda Síochána |
| Motto | Wirkin wi Communities tae Pertect an Ser (*Ag obair le Pobail chun iad a chosaint agus chun freastal orthu*) |
| Agency owerview |
| Formed | 22 Februar, 1922 |
| Preceding agencies | * Ryal Irish Constabulary
* Irish Republican Polis
* Dublin Metropolitan Polis (in 1925)
 |
| Employees | 17,607 (total) 13,977 sworn members 3,164 civilian staff 466 reserves |
| Annual budget | €1.426 billion (2015) |
| Legal personality | Non govrenment: government agency |
| Jurisdictional structur |
| Naitional agency | Republic o Ireland |
|  |
| An Garda Síochána aurie o jurisdiction in daurk blue |
| Size | 70,273 km² |
| Population | 4,588,252 (2011) |
| General naitur | * Law enforcement
* Ceevilian police
 |
| Operational structur |
| Heidquarters | Garda Heidquarters, Phoenix Park, Dublin |
| Officers | 14,443 incl. 466 reserves (2019) |
| Civilians | 3,164 (2019) |
| Elected officer responsible | Charles Flanagan (TD), Meenister fur Justice an Equality |
| Agency executive | Drew Harris, Garda Commissioner |
| Regions | **4:** Dublin Metropolitan Region (DMR) North-Western Eastern Southern |
| Facilities |
| Stations | 564 |
| Motors | 2,815 (2017) |
| Boats | Garda Watter Unit |
| Aircraft | 2 helicopters 1 fixed-wing surveillance aircraft |
| Canines | Garda Dug Unit |
| Horses | Garda Muntit Unit |
| Wabsteid |
| www.garda.ie |
| Footnotes |
| **^** "Wirkin wi Communities tae Pertect an Ser" is descrived as mission statement raither than formal motto |

An Garda Síochána (Erse pronunciation: [ən ˈɡaːrd̪ə ˈʃiːxaːn̪ˠə] ( listen); meanin "the Gairdian o the Peace"), mair commonly referred to as the **Gardaí** ([ˈɡaːɾˠd̪ˠiː] "Gairdians") or "**the Gairds**", is the polis service o the Republic o Ireland. The service is heidit by the Garda Commissioner thit is appyntit by the Erse Govrenment. Its heidquarters are in Dublin's Phoenix Park.

## Soorces
# Naitional Heal Service

The **Naitional Heal Service** (**NHS**, Inglis: *National Health Service*) is the name o the public heal services o England, Scotland an Wales, an is commonly uised tae refer tae thae o Northren Ireland. Thay war established thegither as ane o the major social reforms follaein the Seicont World War on the foondin principles o bein comprehensive, universal an free at the pynt o delivery. The day, each provides a comprehensive range o heal services, the vast majority o which are free for fowk ordinarily resident in the Unitit Kinrick.

Taken thegither, the fower Naitional Heal Services in 2015-16 employed aroond 1.6 million fowk wi a combined budget o £136.7 billion. UK residents are nae chairged for maist medical treatment, wi exceptions such as a fixed chairge for prescriptions; dental treatment is admeenistered differently, wi staundart chairges for maist procedures. For non-residents, the NHS is free at the time o uise, for general practeetioner (GP) and emergency treatment nae includin admission tae hospital.