# Beijing

| Beijing 北京 |
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| Municipality |
| Municipality o Beijing • 北京市 |
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Clockwise frae top: Tiananmen, Temple o Heaven, National Grand Theatre, an Beijing National Stadium |
| Location o Beijing Municipality athin Cheenae |
| Coordinates: ﻿ / ﻿ |
| Kintra | Fowkrepublic o Cheenae |
| Diveesions  - Coonty-level  - Tounship-level |  16 destricts, 2 counties 289 touns an veelages |
| Govrenment |
|  • Teep | Municipality |
|  • CPC Ctte Secretary | Cai Qi, Yin Li |
|  • Mayor | Yin Yong |
| Area |
|  • Municipality | 16801.25 km2 (6,487.00 sq mi) |
| Elevation | 43.5 m (142.7 ft) |
| Population (2018) |
|  • Municipality | 21,542,000 |
|  • Density | 1,300/km2 (3,300/sq mi) |
|  • Urban (2018) | 21,450,000 |
|  • Metro (2017) | 24,000,000 |
|  • Ranks in Cheenae | Population: 26t; Density: 4t |
| Demonym(s) | Beijinger |
| Major ethnic groups |
|  • Han | 96% |
|  • Manchu | 2% |
|  • Hui | 2% |
|  • Mongol | 0.3% |
| Time zone | UTC+8 (Cheenae Staundart time) |
| Postal code | **1000**00 – **1026**29 |
| Area code(s) | 10 |
| GDP | 2011 |
|  - Total | CNY 1.6 trillion US$ 247.7 billion (13t) |
|  - Per caipita | CNY 80,394 US$ 12,447 (3rd) |
|  - Growt |  8.1% |
| HDI (2008) | 0.891 (2nt) – vera heich |
| License plate prefixes | 京A, C, E, F, H, J, K, L, M, N, P 京B (taxis) 京G, Y (ootside urban area) 京O (poliw an authorities) 京V (in red color) (militar heidquairters, central govrenment) |
| **Ceety trees** | Cheenese arborvitae (*Platycladus orientalis*) |
|   | Pagoda tree (*Sophora japonica*) |
| **Ceety flouers** | Cheenae rose (*Rosa chinensis*) |
|   | Chrysanthemum (*Chrysanthemum morifolium*) |
| Website | www.ebeijing.gov.cn |

| Beijing |
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| Cheenese | 北京 |
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| Hanyu Pinyin | Běijīng [Listen]  |
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| Postal | Peking |
| Leeteral meanin | Northren capital |
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| Transcriptions |
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| Staundart Mandarin |
| Hanyu Pinyin | Běijīng [Listen]  |
| Wade–Giles | Pei3ching1 or Pei3-ching1 |
| Wu |
| Romanieation | poh入cin平 |
| Hakka |
| Romanisation | Pet-kîn |
| Yue: Cantonese |
| Jyutping | bak1ging1 |
| Soothren Min |
| Hokkien POJ | Pak-kiaⁿ |
| Eastren Min |
| Fuzhou BUC | Báe̤k-gĭng |

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**Beijing** is the caipital o the Fowkrepublic o Cheenae. The ceety is kent as *Peking* an aw. It's locatit in the nor'east o the kintra.

The Forbidden Ceety, hames tae the Emperors o the Ming an Qing Deenasties.
The ceity o Beijing haes played a gey important pairt in the oncome o Cheenae. Mony fowk fae ither ceeties an kintras haes flittit tae Beijing tae leuk for wark. Near-haund 15 meellion fowk bides thare. In 2008 Beijing hostit the Olympic Gemmes.

Beijing haes a kenspeckle history. Syne the Jin deenasty, Beijing's been the caipital for mony deenasties, sic as the Yuan, Ming, Qing, an ithers forby. Thare's mony places o historic interest in Beijing. Thir places includes the Simmer Pailace, the Temple o Heiven, an the Great Waw o Cheenae.

## Name

Beijing means "the northren caipital" in the Cheenae leid. It wis ance a coonterpairt tae Nanjing, "the soothren caipital", durin the Ming Deenasty. This deenasty gied Beijing its name.

## History

The middle o Beijing wis settelt in the 1st millennium BC. In thae days, the Kinrick o Yan (?) set up thair caipital whaur Beijing is the day. Thay cried it Ji (?). Efter the Kinrick o Yan wis malafoustert, the ceity becam wee-er, awtho it wis still an important place.

Beijing becam mair important again in the 10t century, whan the Jin deenasty set its caipital thare. This ceity wis malafoustert bi Mongol arimies in 1215. Then in 1267, Mongols biggit a new ceity on the north lip o the Jin caipital, an cried it "Great Caipital" (??). That wis the beginnin o modren Beijing. Whan Kublai Khan, the Mongolian monarch, set up the Yuan deenasty, this ceity becam his caipital.

The Yuan, Ming, an Qing deenasties aw uised Beijing as thair caipitals. Whan the Qing deenasty tint pouer an the Republic o Cheenae wis establisht, the new Republic muived its caipital fae Beijing tae Nanjing. Whan the communists claucht pouer an estaiblisht the Fowk's Republic, Beijing becam the caipital o Cheenae ance again.

## Internaitional relations

### Twin touns — sister ceeties

Beijing haes numerous twin touns an sister ceeties aroond the warld, mony o them the caipitals o thair respective kintras:

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| * Tokyo, Japan (1979)
* Belgrade, Serbie (1980)
* New York Ceety, Unitit States (1980)
* Lima, Peru (1983)
* Washington D.C., Unitit States (1984)
* Madrid, Spain (1985)
* Rio de Janeiro, Brazil (1986)
* Île-de-France, Fraunce (1987)
* Cologne, Germany (1987)
* Algiers, Algerie (1989)
* Amman, Jordan (1990)
* Ankara, Turkey (1990)
* Cairo, Egyp (1990)
* Jakarta, Indonesie (1992)
* Riga, Latvie
* São Paulo, Brazil
 | * Islamabad, Pakistan (1993)
* Bangkok, Thailand (1993)
* Buenos Aires, Argentinae (1993)
* Kiev, Ukraine (1993)
* Seoul, Sooth Korea (1993)
* Amsterdam, Netherlands (1994)
* Berlin, Germany (1994)
* Brussels, Belgium (1994)
* Hanoi, Vietnam (1994)
* Moscow, Roushie (1995)
* Gauteng (Johannesburg an Pretoria), Sooth Africae (1998)
* Ottawa, Canadae (1999)
* Canberra, Australie (2000)
* Athens, Greece (2005)
* Bucharest, Romanie (2005)
* Budapest, Hungary (2005)
 | * Havana, Cuba (2005)
* Manila, Philippines (2005)
* Addis Ababa, Ethiopie (2006)
* Astana, Kazakhstan (2006)
* Helsinki, Finland (2006)
* Lunnon, Unitit Kinrick (2006)
* Tel Aviv, Israel (2006)
* Wellington, New Zealand (2006)
* Lisbon, Portugal (2007)
* Tirana, Albanie (2007)
* Doha, Qatar (2008)
* Santiago, Chile (2008)
* San José, Costa Rica (2009)
* Caracas, Venezuela (2010)
* Dublin, Ireland (2011)
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### Pairtner ceeties

Beijing haes twa pairtner ceeties, baith in Europe:

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| * Paris, Fraunce *(1997)*
* Roum, Italy *(1998)*
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| Precedit bi Lin'an (Song Dynasty) | **Caipital o Cheenae (as Dadu)** 1264–1368 | Succeedit bi Nanjing (Ming Dynasty) |
| Precedit bi Nanjing (Ming Dynasty) | **Caipital o Cheenae** 1420–1928 | Succeedit bi Nanjing (ROC) |
| Precedit bi Nanjing (ROC) | **Caipital o the Fowkrepublic o Cheenae** 1949–present | Succeedit bi present caipital |