# Mexico

| Unitit Mexican States * *Estados Unidos Mexicanos*  (Spaingie)
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| **Motto:**Nane |
| **Anthem:Himno Nacional Mexicano* (Inglis: *"Mexican National Anthem"*)  |
| **Naitional seal:Sello de los Estados Unidos Mexicanos*  (Spaingie) Seal o the Unitit Mexican States |
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| Caipital and largest city | Mexico Ceety ﻿ / ﻿ |
| Naitional leids | Spaingie |
| Ethnic groups (2010) | * 14.85% indigenous fowks
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| Demonym(s) | Mexican |
| Govrenment | Federal presidential constitutional republic |
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| • Preses  | Claudia Sheinbaum |
| • Preses o the Senate  | Gerardo Fernández Noroña |
| • Preses o the Chamber o Deputies  | Sergio Gutiérrez Luna |
| • Supreme Court Preses  | Norma Lucía Piña Hernández |
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| Legislatur | Congress |
| • Upper house | Senate |
| • Lower house | Chamber o Deputies |
| Unthirldom frae Spain |
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| • Declared  | 16 September 1810 |
| • Recognisit  | 27 September 1821 |
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| Aurie |
| • Total | 1,972,550 km2 (761,610 sq mi) (14t) |
| • Water (%) | 2.5 |
| Population |
| • 2025 estimate |  131,946,900 (10t) |
| • 2020 census | 126,014,024 |
| • Density | 61/km2 (158.0/sq mi) (142nt) |
| GDP (PPP) | 2025 estimate |
| • Total |  $3.408 trillion (12t) |
| • Per capita |  $25,557 (70t) |
| GDP (nominal) | 2025 estimate |
| • Tot |  $1.818 trillion (12t) |
| • Per capita |  $13,630 (63rd) |
| Gini (2022) |  40.2 medium |
| HDI (2023) |  0.781 heich · 77t |
| Currency | Peso (MXN) |
| Time zone | UTC−8 tae −6 (*See* Time in Mexico) |
| • Summer (DST) | UTC−7 tae −5 (varies) |
| Drivin side | richt |
| Cawin code | +52 |
| ISO 3166 code | MX |
| Internet TLD | .mx |

Territorial organization
**Mexico** (Spainish: México [ˈmexiko] ( listen); Nahuatl leids: *Mēxihco*), offeecially the **Unitit Mexican States** (Spaingie: *Estados Unidos Mexicanos*, listen ), is a federal republic in the soothrenmist portion o North Americae. It is mairchit tae the north bi the Unitit States; tae the sooth an wast bi the Paceefic Ocean; tae the sootheast bi Guatemala, Belize, an the Caribbean Sea; an tae the east bi the Gulf o Mexico. Kiverin awmaist 2,000,000 square kilometre (770,000 sq mi), the naition is the fift lairgest kintra in Americae bi tot aurie an the 13t lairgest independent state in the warld.

Wi an estimatit population o ower 120 million fowk, the kintra is the elevent maist populous state an the maist populous Spaingie-speakin state in the warld, while bein the seicont maist populous naition in Laitin Americae efter Brazil. Mexico is a federation compreesin 31 states an Mexico Ceety, a special federal entity that is also the caipital ceety an its maist populous ceety. Ither metropolises in the state include Guadalajara, Monterrey, Puebla, Toluca, an Tijuana.

Mexico haes the 15t lairgest nominal GDP an the 11t lairgest bi purchasin pouer parity. The Mexican economy is strangly airtit tae thae o its 1994 North American Free Tred Greement (NAFTA) pairtners, espeshally the Unitit States. In 1994, Mexico becam the first Laitin American member o the Organisation for Economic Co-operation an Development (OECD). It is clessifee'd as an *upper-middle income kintra* bi the Warld Bank an a newly industrialised kintra bi several analysts. The kintr is conseedert aith a regional pouer an a middle pouer, an is eften identifee'd as an emergin global pouer. Due tae its rich cultur an history, Mexico ranks first in Americae an seivent in the warld for nummer o UNESCO Warld Heritage Steids. Mexico is an ecologically *megadiverse kintra*, rankin fowert in the warld for its biodiversity. Mexico haes mony tourists: in 2016, it wis the aicht maist-veesitit kintra in the warld, wi 35 million internaitional arrivals. Mexico is a member o the Unitit Naitions (UN), the Warld Trade Organisation (WTO), the G8+5, the G20, the Unitin for Consensus group o the UN, an the Paceefic Alliance tred bloc. Bi 2050, Mexico coud potentially acome the warld's fift or seivent lairgest economy.

Pre-Columbian Mexico dates tae aboot 8000 BC an is identifee'd as ane o seiven cradles o ceevilisation an wis hame tae mony advanced Mesoamerican ceevilisations sic as the Olmec, Toltec, Teotihuacan, Zapotec, Maya, an Aztec afore first contact wi Europeans. In 1521, the Spaingie Empire conquered an colonised the territory frae its poleetically pouerfu base in Mexico-Tenochtitlan (pairt o Mexico Ceety), that wis admeenistert as the viceryalty o New Spain. Three centuries later, the territory becam a naition state follaein its recogneetion in 1821 efter the colony's Mexican War o Unthirldom. The post-unthirldom period wis tumultuous, chairacterised bi economic inequality an mony intense poleetical chynges. The Mexican–American War (1846–1848) led te a territorial cession o the extant northren territories tae the Unitit States. The Pastry War, the Franco-Mexican War, a ceevil war, twa empires, an the Porfiriato occurred in the 19t century. The Porfiriato wis endit bi the stairt o the Mexican Revolution in 1910, that culminatit wi the promulgation o the 1917 Constitution an the emergence o the kintra's current poleetical seestem as a democratic republic.

Entidades federativas de México| Name ificial | abbreviated | coat | Capital | Largest City | surface (km²) | population (2020) | Densidad de población (hab/km²) | Orden de creación | Fecha de creación | Ubicación |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| Aguascalientes | Ags. |  | Aguascalientes | Aguascalientes | 05618 | 01425607 | 237.23 | 07001240000000000000♠24 | 1819121405/02/1857 | 80px |
| Baja California | B. C. |  | Mexicali | Tijuana | 071446 | 03769020 | 50.86 | 07001290000000000000♠29 | 1819121416/01/1952 | 80px |
| Baja California Sur | B. C. S. |  | La Paz | La Paz | 073922 | 0798447 | 8.62 | 07001300000000000000♠30 | 1819121408/10/1974 | 80px |
| Campeche | Camp. |  | San Francisco de Campeche | San Francisco de Campeche | 057924 | 928363 | 14.20 | 07001250000000000000♠25 | 1819121429/04/1863 | 80px |
| Chiapas | Chis. |  | Tuxtla Gutiérrez | Tuxtla Gutiérrez | 073289 | 05543828 | 65.45 | 07001190000000000000♠19 | 1819121414/09/1824 | 80px |
| Chihuahua | Chih. |  | Chihuahua | Ciudad Juárez | 0247455 | 03741869 | 13.77 | 07001180000000000000♠18 | 1819121406/07/1824 | 80px |
| Ciudad de México | CDMX |  | — | Iztapalapa | 01485 | 09209944 | 5960.27 | 07001320000000000000♠32 | 1819121430/01/2016 | 80px |
| Coahuila de Zaragoza5 | Coah. |  | Saltillo | Saltillo | 0151563 | 03146771 | 20.16 | 07001160000000000000♠16 | 1819121407/05/1824 | 80px |
| Colima | Col. |  | Colima | Colima | 05625 | 0731391 | 115.65 | 07001230000000000000♠23 | 1819121409/12/1856 | 80px |
| Durango | Dgo. |  | Victoria de Durango | Victoria de Durango | 0123451 | 01832650 | 13.23 | 07001170000000000000♠17 | 1819121422/05/1824 | 80px |
| Guanajuato | Gto. |  | Guanajuato | León de los Aldama | 030608 | 06166934 | 179.25 | 07000200000000000000♠2 | 1819121420/12/1823 | 80px |
| Guerrero | Gro. |  | Chilpancingo de los Bravo | Acapulco de Juárez | 063621 | 03540685 | 53.26 | 07001210000000000000♠21 | 1819121427/10/1849 | 80px |
| Hidalgo | Hgo. | 60px | Pachuca de Soto | Pachuca de Soto | 020813 | 03082841 | 128.05 | 07001260000000000000♠26 | 1819121416/01/1869 | 80px |
| Jalisco | Jal. |  | Guadalajara | Zapopan | 078599 | 08348151 | 93.52 | 07000900000000000000♠9 | 1819121423/12/1823 | 80px |
| México | Méx. |  | Toluca de Lerdo | Ecatepec de Morelos | 022357 | 016992418 | 678.80 | 07000100000000000000♠1 | 1819121420/12/1823 | 80px |
| Michoacán de Ocampo | Mich. | 73x73px | Morelia | Morelia | 058643 | 04748846 | 74.20 | 07000500000000000000♠5 | 1819121422/12/1823 | 80px |
| Morelos | Mor. | 50px | Cuernavaca | Cuernavaca | 04893 | 01971520 | 363.22 | 07001270000000000000♠27 | 1819121417/04/1869 | 80px |
| Nayarit | Nay. | 50px | Tepic | Tepic | 027815 | 01235456 | 39.01 | 07001280000000000000♠28 | 1819121426/01/1917 | 80px |
| Nuevo León | N. L. | 50px | Monterrey | Monterrey | 064220 | 05784442 | 72.46 | 07001150000000000000♠15 | 1819121407/05/1824 | 80px |
| Oaxaca | Oax. | 50px | Oaxaca de Juárez | Oaxaca de Juárez | 093793 | 04132148 | 40.54 | 07000300000000000000♠3 | 1819121421/12/1823 | 80px |
| Puebla | Pue. | 50px | Puebla de Zaragoza | Puebla de Zaragoza | 034290 | 06583278 | 168.56 | 07000400000000000000♠4 | 1819121421/12/1823 | 80px |
| Querétaro | Qro. | 50px | Santiago de Querétaro | Santiago de Querétaro | 011684 | 02368467 | 156.45 | 07001110000000000000♠11 | 1819121423/12/1823 | 80px |
| Quintana Roo | Q. R. | 50px | Chetumal | Cancún | 042361 | 01857985 | 31.29 | 07001310000000000000♠31 | 1819121408/10/1974 | 80px |
| San Luis Potosí | S. L. P. | 50px | San Luis Potosí | San Luis Potosí | 060983 | 02822255 | 42.40 | 07000600000000000000♠6 | 1819121422/12/1823 | 80px |
| Sinaloa | Sin. | 50px | Culiacán Rosales | Culiacán Rosales | 057377 | 03026943 | 48.24 | 07001200000000000000♠20 | 1819121414/10/1830 | 80px |
| Sonora6 | Son. | 50px | Hermosillo | Hermosillo | 0179503 | 02944840 | 14.83 | 07001120000000000000♠12 | 1819121410/01/1824 | 80px |
| Tabasco | Tab. | 75x75px | Villahermosa | Villahermosa | 024738 | 02402598 | 90.49 | 07001130000000000000♠13 | 1819121407/02/1824 | 80px |
| Tamaulipas | Tamps. | 50px | Ciudad Victoria | Reynosa | 080175 | 03527735 | 40.77 | 07001140000000000000♠14 | 1819121407/02/1824 | 80px |
| Tlaxcala | Tlax. | 50px | Tlaxcala de Xicohténcatl | Tlaxcala de Xicohténcatl | 04016 | 01342977 | 291.32 | 07001220000000000000♠22 | 1819121409/12/1856 | 80px |
| Veracruz de Ignacio de la Llave | Ver. | 50px | Xalapa-Enríquez | Veracruz | 071820 | 08062579 | 106.42 | 07000700000000000000♠7 | 1819121422/12/1823 | 80px |
| Yucatán7 | Yuc. | 50px | Mérida | Mérida | 039612 | 02320898 | 49.37 | 07000800000000000000♠8 | 1819121423/12/1823 | 80px |
| Zacatecas | Zac. | 50px | Zacatecas | Zacatecas | 075539 | 01622138 | 19.73 | 07001100000000000000♠10 | 1819121423/12/1823 | 80px |