# Alexander Pushkin

| Alexander Pushkin |
| --- |
| Alexander Pushkin bi Vasily Tropinin |
| Born | Alexander Sergeyevich Pushkin 6 Juin 1799(1799-06-06) Moscow, Roushie Empire |
| Dee'd | 10 Februar 1837(1837-02-10) (aged 37) Saunt Petersburg, Roushie Empire |
| Thrift | Poet, novelist, playwright |
| Leid | Roushie, French |
| Naitionality | Roushie |
| Alma mater | Tsarskoye Selo Lyceum |
| Period | Gowden Age o Roushie Poetry |
| Genre | Novel, novel in verse, poem, drama, short story, fairytale |
| Leeterar muivement | Romanticism, pre-realism |
| Notable warks | *Eugene Onegin*, *The Caiptain's Dochter*, *Boris Godunov*, *Ruslan an Ludmila* |
| Spoose | Natalia Pushkina (1831–1837) |
| Bairns | Maria, Alexander, Grigory, Natalia |
| Relatives | Sergei Lvovich Pushkin, Nadezhda Ossipovna Gannibal |
|

---

 |
| Signatur |  |

**Alexander Sergeyevich Pushkin** (Roushie: Алекса́ндр Серге́евич Пу́шкин; 6 June [A.S. 26 May] 1799 – 10 February [A.S. 29 January] 1837) wis a Roushie author o the Romantic era who is considered bi mony tae be the greatest Roushie poet an the foonder o modren Roushie leeteratur.

Pushkin wis born into Roushie nobility in Moscow. His great-grandfaither frae his mither's side – Abram Gannibal – wis brocht ower as a slave frae Africae an haed risen tae become an aristocrat. Pushkin published his first poem at the age o fifteen, an wis widely recognisit bi the leeterar establishment bi the time o his graduation frae the Tsarskoye Selo Lyceum.

While unner the strict surveillance o the Tsar's poleetical polis an unable tae publish, Pushkin wrote his maist famous play, the drama *Boris Godunov*. His novel in verse, *Eugene Onegin*, wis serialisit atween 1825 an 1832.

Notoriously touchy aboot his honour, Pushkin focht as mony as twinty-nine duels, an wis fatally woondit in such an encounter wi Georges-Charles de Heeckeren d'Anthès. D'Anthès, a French officer servin wi the Chevalier Gaird Regiment, haed been attemptin tae seduce the poet's wife, Natalya Pushkina.

## Works

### Narrative poems

* 1820 – *Ruslan i Lyudmila (Руслан и Людмила)*; Scots translation: *Ruslan an Ludmila*
* 1820–21 – *Kavkazskiy plennik (Кавказский пленник)*; Scots translation: *The Prisoner o the Caucasus*
* 1821 – *Gavriiliada (Гавриилиада)* ; Inglis/Scots translation: *The Gabrieliad*
* 1821–22 – *Bratya razboyniki (Братья разбойники)*; Scots translation: *The Robber Brithers*
* 1823 – *Bakhchisaraysky fontan (Бахчисарайский фонтан)*; Scots translation: *The Foontain o Bakhchisaray*
* 1824 – *Tsygany (Цыганы)*; Inglis/Scots translation: *The Gypsies*
* 1825 – *Graf Nulin (Граф Нулин)*; Scots translation: *Count Nulin*
* 1829 – *Poltava (Полтава)*; Scots translation Archived 2011-09-19 at the Wayback Machine: *Poltava*
* 1830 – *Domik v Kolomne (Домик в Коломне)*; Scots translation Archived 2011-09-20 at the Wayback Machine: *The Wee Hoose in Kolomna*
* 1833 – *Andjelo (Анджело)*; Inglis/Scots translation Archived 2011-09-19 at the Wayback Machine: *Angelo*
* 1833 – *Medny vsadnik (Медный всадник)*; Inglis translation: *The Bronze Horseman*

### Verse novel

* 1823–31 – *Yevgeny Onegin (Евгений Онегин)*; Inglis translation: *Eugene Onegin*

### Drama

* 1825 – *Boris Godunov (Борис Годунов)*
* 1830 – *Malenkie tragedii (Маленькие трагедии)*; Scots translation: *The Wee Tragedies*
	+ *Kamenny gost (Каменный гость)*; Scots translation: *The Stone Guest*
	+ *Motsart i Salyeri (Моцарт и Сальери)*; Scots translation: *Mozart an Salieri*
	+ *Skupoy rytsar (Скупой рыцарь)*; Scots translations: *The Miserly Knicht, The Covetous Knicht*
	+ *Pir vo vremya chumy (Пир во время чумы)*; Scots translation: *A Feast in Time o Plague*

### Prose

* 1828 – *Arap Petra Velikogo (Арап Петра Великого)*; Scots translation: *Peter the Great's Negro*, unfeenished novel
* 1831 – *Povesti pokoynogo Ivana Petrovicha Belkina (Повести покойного Ивана Петровича Белкина)*; Scots translation: *The Tales o the Late Ivan Petrovich Belkin*
	+ *Vystrel (Выстрел)*; Scots translation: *The Shot*, short story
	+ *Metel (Метель)*; Scots translation: *The Blizzard*, short story
	+ *Grobovschik (Гробовщик)*; Scots translation: *The Undertaker*, short story
	+ *Stanzionny smotritel (Станционный смотритель)*; Scots translation: *The Stationmaster*, short story
	+ *Baryshnya-krestyanka (Барышня-крестьянка)*; Scots translation: *The Squire's Dochter*, short story
* 1834 – *Pikovaya dama (Пиковая дама)*; Scots translation: *The Queen o Spades*, short story
* 1834 – *Kirdzhali (Кирджали)*, short story
* 1834 – *Istoriya Pugacheva (История Пугачева)*; Scots translation: *A History o Pugachev*, study of the Pugachev's Rebellion
* 1836 – *Kapitanskaya dochka (Капитанская дочка)*; Scots translation: *The Caiptain's Dochter*, novel
* 1836 – *Puteshestvie v Arzrum (Путешествие в Арзрум)*; Scots translation: *A Journey tae Arzrum*, travel sketches
* 1836 – *Roslavlev (Рославлев)*, unfeenished novel
* 1837 – *Istoriya sela Goryuhina (История села Горюхина)*; Scots translation: *The Story o the Veelage o Goryukhino*, unfeenished short story
* 1837 – *Yegipetskie nochi (Египетские ночи)*; Scots translation: *Egyptian Nichts*, unfeenished short story
* 1841 – *Dubrovsky (Дубровский)*, unfeenished novel

### Fairy tales in verse

* 1830 – *Сказка о попе и о работнике его Балде*; Inglis translation: *The Tale o the Priest an o His Workman Balda*
* 1830 – *Сказка о медведихе*; Scots translation: *The Tale o the Female Bear* (wis no feenished)
* 1831 – *Сказка о царе Салтане*; Scots translation: *The Tale o Tsar Saltan*
* 1833 – *Сказка о рыбаке и рыбке*; Scots translation: *The Tale o the Fisherman an the Fish*
* 1833 – *Сказка о мертвой царевне*; Scots translation: *The Tale o the Deid Princess*
* 1834 – *Сказка о золотом петушке*; Scots translation: *The Tale o the Gowden Cockerel*

## Further readin

* Binyon, T. J. (2002) *Pushkin: A Biography*. London: HarperCollins ISBN 0-00-215084-0; US edition: New York: Knopf, 2003 ISBN 1-4000-4110-4
* Yuri Druzhnikov (2008) *Prisoner of Russia: Alexander Pushkin and the Political Uses of Nationalism*, Transaction Publishers ISBN 1-56000-390-1
* Dunning, Chester, Emerson, Caryl, Fomichev, Sergei, Lotman, Lidiia, Wood, Antony (Translator) (2006) *The Uncensored Boris Godunov: The Case for Pushkin's Original Comedy* University of Wisconsin Press ISBN 0-299-20760-9
* Feinstein, Elaine (ed.) (1999) *After Pushkin: versions of the poems of Alexander Sergeevich Pushkin by contemporary poets*. Manchester: Carcanet Press; London: Folio Society ISBN 1-85754-444-7
* Pogadaev, Victor (2003) *Penyair Agung Rusia Pushkin dan Dunia Timur (The Great Russian Poet Pushkin and the Oriental World)*. Monograph Series. Centre For Civilisational Dialogue. University Malaya. 2003, ISBN 983-3070-06-X
* Vitale, Serena (1998) *Pushkin's button*; transl. from the Italian by Ann Goldstein. New York: Farrar, Straus & Giroux ISBN 1-85702-937-2
* Телетова, Н. К. (Teletova, N. K.) (2007) *Забытые родственные связи А.С. Пушкина* (*The forgotten family connections of A. S. Pushkin*). Saint Petersburg: Dorn OCLC 214284063
* Wolfe, Markus (1998) *Freemasonry in life and literature*. Munich: Otto Sagner ltd. ISBN 3-87690-692-X
* Wachtel, Michael. "Pushkin and the Wikipedia" *Pushkin Review* 12–13: 163–66, 2009–2010
* Jakowlew, Valentin. "Pushkin's Farewell Dinner in Paris" (Text in Russian) Koblenz (Germany): Fölbach, 2006, ISBN 3-934795-38-2.

## Freemit airtins

* Warks bi Aleksandr Pushkin at Project Gutenberg
* Biographical essay on Pushkin. Archived 2012-10-21 at the Wayback Machine Bi Mike Phillips, British Library (Pdf).