Rikunarita-ORG/Wikinium huggingface dataset:
# Bern (ceety)

| Bern Berne |
| --- |
| Aerial view o the Auld Ceety |
| Coat airms |
| Location o Bern Berne
 |
| Bern BerneShow map of SwisserlandBern BerneShow map of Canton o Bern |
| Coordinates: ﻿ / ﻿ |
| Kintra | Swisserland |
| Canton | Bern |
| Destrict | Bern-Mittelland admeenistrative destrict |
| Govrenment |
|  • Executive | *Gemeinderat* with 5 members |
|  • Mayor | *Stadtpräsident* (list) Alexander Tschäppät SPS/PSS (as of 2014) |
|  • Pairlament | *Stadtrat* with 80 members |
| Area |
|  • Total | 51.62 km2 (19.93 sq mi) |
| Elevation (Main Railway Station) | 540 m (1,770 ft) |
| Highest elevation (Könizberg) | 674 m (2,211 ft) |
| Lowest elevation (Aare near tae Eymatt) | 481 m (1,578 ft) |
| Population (2018-12-31) |
|  • Total | 133,883 |
|  • Density | 2,600/km2 (6,700/sq mi) |
| Demonym(s) | Inglis: *Bernese*, German: *Berner(in)*, French: *Bernois(e)* |
| Postal code | 3000–3030 |
| SFOS nummer | 351 |
| Surroondit bi | Bremgarten bei Bern, Frauenkappelen, Ittigen, Kirchlindach, Köniz, Mühleberg, Muri bei Bern, Neuenegg, Ostermundigen, Wohlen bei Bern, Zollikofen |
| Website | www.bern.ch  SFSO statistics |

The ceety o **Bern** or **Berne** (German: *Bern*, pronounced [ˈbɛɐn] ( listen); French: *Berne* [bɛʁn]; Italian: *Berna* [ˈbɛrna]; Romansh: *Berna* [ˈbɛrnə]; Bernese German: *Bärn* [b̥æːrn]) is the *Bundesstadt* (federal ceety, *de facto* caipital) o Swisserland, an, wi (as o December 2018) a population o 131,000, the fowert maist populous ceety in Swisserland. The Bern agglomeration, which includes 43 municipalities, haes a population o 349,000. The metropolitan aurie haed a population o 660,000 in 2000. Archived 2013-10-12 at the Wayback Machine Bern is an aa the caipital o the Canton o Bern, the seicont maist populous o Swisserland's cantons.

The offeecial leid o Bern is German, but the main spoken leid is the Alemannic dialect cried Bernese German; maist residents o the ceety speak baith. Inglish an French are fairly widely spaken, but tae a lesser extent.
In 1983 the historic auld toun in the centre o Bern became a UNESCO Warld Heritage Sites, an Bern is ranked amang the warld’s tap ten ceeties for the best quality o life.
# European Coal an Steel Commonty

The **European Coal an Steel Commonty** (**ECSC**) wis an internaitional organisation servin tae unify European kintras efter the Seicont World War. It wis formally established bi the Treaty o Paris (1951), which wis signed bi Belgium, Fraunce, Wast Germany, Italy, the Netherlands an Luxembourg. The ECSC wis the first internaitional organisation tae be based on the principles o supranaitionalism, an would ultimately lead the way tae the foondin o the European Union.
# 1918

|  |  |
| --- | --- |
| Millennium: | 2nt millennium |
| Centuries: | 19t century – **20t century** – 21st century |
| Decades: |  1880s  1890s  1900s  – 1910s –  1920s  1930s  1940s  |
| Years: | 1915 1916 1917 – **1918** – 1919 1920 1921 |

Year **1918** (**MCMXVIII**) wis a common year stairtin on Tysday (airtin will display the full calendar) o the Gregorian calendar an a common year stairtin on Monanday o the 13-day-slower Julian calendar.

## See awso

* Category:1918 births
* Category:1918 daiths
# Republic o the Congo

| Republic o the Congo *République du Congo*  (French) |
| --- |
|
Banner

Coat o airms

 |
| **Motto:**"Unité, Travail, Progrès" (French) "Unity, Wirk, Progress" |
| **Anthem:La Congolaise*  (French) *The Congolese* |
| Location o  Republic o the Congo  (dark blue)– in Africae  (light blue & dark grey) – in the African Union  (light blue) |
| Caipital and largest city | Brazzaville ﻿ / ﻿ |
| Offeecial leids | French |
| Recognised regional leids | * Kituba
* Lingala
 |
| Ethnic groups  | * 48% Kongo
* 20% Sangha
* 17% Teke
* 12% M'Bochi
* 3% Europeans / ithers
 |
| Demonym(s) | Congolese |
| Govrenment | Unitary semi-presidential republic |
|  |
| • Preses  | Denis Sassou Nguesso |
| • Prime Meenister  | Anatole Collinet Makosso |
|  |
| Legislatur | Pairlament |
| • Upper house | Senate |
| • Lower house | Naitional Assemmly |
| Unthirldom |
|  |
| • frae Fraunce  | 15 August 1960 |
|  |
| Aurie |
| • Total | 342,000 km2 (132,000 sq mi) (64th) |
| • Water (%) | 3.3 |
| Population |
| • 2016 estimate | 5,125,821 (124th) |
| • Density | 12.8/km2 (33.2/sq mi) (204t) |
| GDP (PPP) | 2016 estimate |
| • Total | $30.607 billion |
| • Per capita | $6,720 |
| GDP (nominal) | 2016 estimate |
| • Tot | $8.341 billion |
| • Per capita | $1,831 |
| Gini (2011) | 40.2 medium |
| HDI (2015) |  0.592 medium · 135t |
| Currency | Central African CFA franc (XAF) |
| Time zone | UTC+1 (WAT) |
| Drivin side | richt |
| Cawin code | +242 |
| ISO 3166 code | CG |
| Internet TLD | .cg |

Territorial Organization
The **Republic o the Congo** (French: *République du Congo*; Kongo: *Repubilika ya Kongo*; Lingala: *Republiki ya Kongó*), cried **Congo-Brazzaville** or **Little Congo** an aa, or simply **the Congo**, is a state in Central Africae. It is bordered bi Gabon, Cameroon, the Central African Republic, the Democratic Republic o the Congo (umwhile kent as Zaire), the Angolan exclave province o Cabinda, an the Gulf o Guinea.

The region wis dominatit bi Bantu tribes, who biggit trade links leadin intae the Congo River basin. The republic is a umwhile French colony. Upon unthrildom in 1960, the umwhile French region o Middle Congo became the Republic o the Congo. The Fowkrepublic o the Congo wis a Marxist-Leninist single-pairty state frae 1970 tae 1991. Multipairty elections hae been held syne 1992, although a democratically elected government wis oostit in a 1997 ceevil war.
# Tarragona

| Tarragona |
| --- |
| Municipality |
| View o Tarragona |
| BannerCoat airms |
| TarragonaLocation o Tarragona within Catalonie |
| Coordinates: ﻿ / ﻿ |
| Kintra | Spain |
| Autonomous Commonty | Catalonie |
| Province | Tarragona |
| Comarca | Tarragonès |
| Foondit | 5t century BC |
| Govrenment |
|  • Mayor | Josep Fèlix Ballesteros Casanaova (2015) (PSC) |
| Area |
|  • Total | 57.9 km2 (22.4 sq mi) |
| Elevation (AMSL) | 68 m (223 ft) |
| Population (2018) |
|  • Total | 132,299 |
|  • Density | 2,300/km2 (5,900/sq mi) |
| Postal code | 43001 - 43008 |
| Area code(s) | +34 (E) + 977 (T) |
| Website | www.tarragona.cat |

**Tarragona** (Catalan: [tərəˈɣonə], Spaingie: [taraˈɣona]; Phoenician: טַרְקוֹן, *Tarqon*; Laitin: *Tarraco*) is a port ceety locatit in the north-east o Spain on the Mediterranean Sea.

## Internaitional relations

### Twin touns—sister ceeties

Tarragona is twinned wi:

|  |  |
| --- | --- |
| * Avignon, Fraunce, syne 1968
* Alghero, Italy, syne 1972
* Orléans, Fraunce, syne 1978
* Stafford, Unitit Kinrick, syne 1992
 | * Klagenfurt, Austrick, syne 1996
* Pushkin, Roushie, syne 1997
* Pompei, Italy, syne 2006
 |

Tarragona haed pairtnerships wi:

* Voiron, Fraunce
# Reformation

"Life of Martin Luther and the Heroes of the Reformation"
Luther's 95 theses
The **Protestant Reformation** wis the schism within Wastren Christianity initiatit bi Martin Luther, John Calvin, an ither early Protestants. Altho thare haed been signeeficant attempts at reform afore Luther (notably those o John Wycliffe an Jan Huss), the date maist uisually gien for the stairt o the Protestant Reformation is 1517, when Luther published *The Ninety-Five Theses*, an for its conclusion in 1648 wi the Peace o Wastphalie that endit the European wars o releegion. Luther stairtit bi criticisin the relatively recent practice o sellin indulgences, but the debate widened till it touched on mony o the doctrines an devotional practices o the Catholic Kirk.
# Basque Kintra (autonomous commonty)

| Basque Kintra *Euskadi* (in Basque) *País Vasco* (in Spaingie) |
| --- |
| Autonomous Commonty |
| Autonomous Commonty o the Basque Kintra *Euskal Autonomia Erkidegoa* (in Basque) *Comunidad Autónoma del País Vasco* (in Spaingie) |
| BannerCoat airms |
| Anthem: Eusko Abendaren Ereserkia |
| Map o Basque Kintra |
| Coordinates: ﻿ / ﻿ |
| Kintra | Spain |
| Caipital | Vitoria-Gasteiz |
| Provinces | Álava, Biscay, an Gipuzkoa |
| Govrenment |
|  • Teep | Devolvit govrenment in a constitutional monarchy |
|  • Bodi | Basque Govrenment |
|  • Lehendakari | Patxi López (PSOE/PSE-EE) |
| Area |
|  • Total | 7234 km2 (2,793 sq mi) |
| Area rank | 14t (1.4% o Spain) |
| Population (2008) |
|  • Total | 2,155,546 |
|  • Density | 300/km2 (770/sq mi) |
|  • Pop. rank | 7t (4.9% o Spain) |
| Demonym(s) | Basque *euskaldun* *vasco* (m), *vasca* (f) |
| Aurie code | +34 94- |
| ISO 3166 code | ES-PV |
| Statute o Autonomy | 25 October 1979 |
| Offeecial leids | Basque an Spaingie |
| Pairlament | 75 deputies |
| Congress | 19 deputies (oot o 350) |
| Senate | 15 senators (oot o 264) |
| Website | Basque Govrenment |
| 1.**^** Accordin taethe Basque Statute o Autonomy an aw Euskal Herria. 2.**^** Accordin tae the Basque Statute o Autonomy an aw Euskal Herriko Autonomia Erkidegoa. |

The **Basque Kintra** (Basque: *Euskadi*; Spaingie: *País Vasco*, IPA: [paˈis ˈβasko]) is an Autonomous Commonty o northren Spain.

The Basque Kintra wis grantit the status o historical region athin Spain wi the Spaingie Constitution o 1978. The caipital is Vitoria-Gasteiz (Vitoria is the name in Spainish, Gasteiz in Basque) an Bilbao its lairgest ceety.

The autonomous commonty o the Basque Kintra isna the same the lairger Basque Kintra (Basque: "Euskal Herria"), o whilk it is a component pairt.
# Uphalyday

**Uphalyday** is a Christian feast day that celebrates the clearance o God in human form in the body o Jesus Christ. It faws on 6t Januar or on a Sunday naur tae thon date.

The Shetlandic celebration o Up Helly Aa comes frae the tradeetion o Uphalyday.
# Angola

| Republict o Angola *República de Angola*  (Portuguese) |
| --- |
|
Banner

Emblem

 |
| **Motto:Virtus Unita Fortior*  (Laitin)
* (Inglis: *"Virtue is stranger whan unitit"*)
 |
| **Anthem:Angola Avante* Onwarts Angola  |
| Location o  Angola  (dark blue)in the African Union  (light blue) |
| Caipital | Luanda ﻿ / ﻿ |
| Lairgest ceety | capital |
| Offeecial leids | Portuguese |
| Co-offeecial leids | * Kongo
* Kimbundu
* Umbundu
 |
| Ethnic groups (2000) | 36% Ovimbundu 25% Ambundu 13% Bakongo 22% ither African 2% Mestiço 1% Cheenese 1% European |
| Demonym(s) | Angolan |
| Govrenment | Unitar dominant-pairty presidential constitutional republic |
|  |
| • Preses  | João Manuel Gonçalves Lourenço |
| • Vice Preses  | Bornito de Sousa |
|  |
| Legislatur | Naitional Assemmly |
| Formation |
|  |
| • Portuguese colonisation  | 1575 |
| • Unthirldom frae Portugal, unner Communist rule  | 11 November 1975 |
| • Unitit Naitions full membership  | 22 November 1976 |
| • Current constitution  | 21 Januar 2010 |
|  |
| Aurie |
| • Total | 1,246,700 km2 (481,400 sq mi) (22nt) |
| • Water (%) | negligible |
| Population |
| • 2014 census | 25,789,024 |
| • Density | 20.69/km2 (53.6/sq mi) (199t) |
| GDP (PPP) | 2017 estimate |
| • Total | $193.935 billion (64th) |
| • Per capita | $6,881 (107t) |
| GDP (nominal) | 2017 estimate |
| • Tot | $122.365 billion (61st) |
| • Per capita | $4,342 (91st) |
| Gini (2009) | 42.7 medium |
| HDI (2015) |  0.564 medium · 150t |
| Currency | Kwanza (AOA) |
| Time zone | UTC+1 (WAT) |
| Drivin side | richt |
| Cawin code | +244 |
| Internet TLD | .ao |

Territorial Organization
**Angola** or **Angolie**, the **Republict o Angola** (Portuguese: *República de Angola*, pronounced: [ʁɛˈpublika de ɐ̃ˈɡɔla]; Kongo: *Repubilika ya Ngola*) official-like, is a kintra in sooth-central Africae bordered bi Namibie on the sooth, Democratic Republic o the Congo on the north, an Zambie on the east; its wast coast is on the Atlantic Ocean wi Luanda as its caipital ceety. The exclave province o Cabinda haes a border wi the Republic o the Congo an the Democratic Republic o the Congo.
Angola wis a Portuguese owerseas territory frae the 16t century tae 1975. Efter independence, Angola wis the scene o an intense ceevil war frae 1975 tae 2002. The kintra is the seicont-lairgest petroleum an diamond producer in sub-Saharan Africae; housomeivver, its life expectancy an infant mortality rates are baith amang the wirst ranked in the warld. In August 2006, a peace treaty wis signed wi a faction o the FLEC, a separatist guerrilla group frae the Cabinda exclave in the North, which is still active. Aboot 65% o Angola's petroleum comes frae that region.
# Pape Leo XIII

| Pape Leo XIII  |
| --- |
| Pape Leo XIII |
| Installed | 20 Februar 1878 |
| Term endit | 20 Julie 1903 |
| Predecessor | Pius IX |
| Successor | Pius X |
| Orders |
| Ordination | 31 December 1837 |
| Consecration | 19 Februar 1843 bi Luigi Emmanuele Nicolò Lambruschini |
| Creatit Cardinal | 19 December 1853 bi Pape Pius IX |
| Personal details |
| Birth name | Vincenzo Gioacchino Raffaele Luigi Pecci |
| Born | 2 Mairch 1810 Carpineto Romano, département o Roum, French Empire |
| Deed | 20 Julie 1903 (aged 93) Apostolic Palace, Roum, Kinrick o Italy |
| Previous post | * Titular Archbishop o Tamiathis (1843–46)
* Apostolic Nuncio tae Belgium (1843–46)
* Airchbishop o Perugia (1846–78)
* Cardinal-Priest o San Crisogono (1853–78)
* Camerlengo o the Apostolic Chamber (1877–78)
 |
| Coat o airms |  |
| Ither papes named Leo |

**Pape Leo XIII**, born **Vincenzo Gioacchino Raffaele Luigi Pecci** (2 Mairch 1810 – 20 Julie 1903), wis Pape o the Roman Catholic Kirk, haein cam aifter Pape Pius IX on Februar 20, 1878 an ringin till his ain daith. Born in Carpineto Romano, Italy, Pecci frist got roonit tent as the popular an seilfu Archbishop o Perugia, that led tae his trystin as a Cardinal in 1853.

| Pape |
| --- |
| **Predicessor** Pius IX | Pape Leo XIII 1878-1903 | **Successor** Pius X |
| Leet o papes |
# Recep Tayyip Erdoğan

| Recep Tayyip Erdoğan |
| --- |
|  |
|  |
| 12t Preses o Turkey |
| **Incumbent** |
| **Assumed office**  28 August 2014 |
| Prime Meenister | Ahmet Davutoğlu Binali Yildirim |
| Precedit bi | Abdullah Gül |
| Prime Meenister o Turkey |
| **In office** 14 Mairch 2003 – 28 August 2014 |
| Preses | Ahmet Necdet Sezer Abdullah Gül |
| Depute | *Cabinet I (2003-2007)** Abdullah Gül Mehmet Ali Şahin Abdüllatif Şener

*Cabinet II (2007-2011)** Cemil Çiçek Hayati Yazıcı (2007-2009) Nazım Ekren (2007-2009) Bülent Arınç (2009-2011) Ali Babacan (2009-2011)

*Cabinet III (2011-2014)** Bülent Arınç Ali Babacan Beşir Atalay Bekir Bozdağ (2011-2013) Emrullah İşler (2013-2014)
 |
| Precedit bi | Abdullah Gül |
| Succeedit bi | Ahmet Davutoğlu |
| Leader o the Juistice an Development Pairty |
| **In office** 14 August 2001 – 27 August 2014 |
| Depute | Mehmet Ali Şahin Numan Kurtulmuş |
| Precedit bi | *Poseetion established* |
| Succeedit bi | Ahmet Davutoğlu |
| Member o the Grand Naitional Assembly |
| **In office** 9 Mairch 2003 – 28 August 2014 |
| Constituency | Siirt (2003 by-election) Istanbul (I) (2007, 2011) |
| Mayor o Istanbul |
| **In office** 27 Mairch 1994 – 6 November 1998 |
| Precedit bi | Nurettin Sözen |
| Succeedit bi | Ali Müfit Gürtuna |
|  |
| Personal details |
| Born |  (1954-02-26) 26 Februar 1954 Istanbul, Turkey |
| Poleetical pairty | Naitional Salvation Pairty (1972–1981) Welfare Pairty (1983–1998) Virtue Pairty (1998–2001) Justice an Development Pairty (2001–2014) |
| Spoose(s) | Emine Gülbaran (1978–present) |
| Bairns | Ahmet Burak Sümeyye Necmettin Bilal Esra |
| Alma mater | Marmara Varsity *(disputit)* |
| Religion | Sunni Islam |
| Signatur |  |
| Wabsteid | Government website Personal website |

**Recep Tayyip Erdoğan** (Turkis pronunciation: [ɾeˈd͡ʒep tajˈjip ˈæɾdo.an] ( listen); born 26 Februar 1954) is the 12t an current Preses o Turkey, in office syne 2014.
# CNN

| Cable News Network |
| --- |
|  |
| Launched | Juin 1, 1980 |
| Ained bi | Cable News Network, Inc. (Turner Broadcastin Seestem, Inc. (Time Warner)) |
| Pictur format | 1080i (HDTV) 480i (SDTV/16:9 letterbox) |
| Slogan | "The Warldwide Leader in News" "CNN = Politics" "The Best Poleetical Team on Televeesion" "CNN = Money" "This is CNN" |
| Kintra | Unitit States |
| Leid | Inglis |
| Broadcast aurie | Unitit States Canadae |
| Heidquarters | CNN Center Atlanta, Georgie |
| Seester channel(s) | CNN Internaitional CNN-IBN CNN Airport Network CNN Türk CNN en Español HLN CNN Chile TNT Turner Classic Movies Cartoon Network Boomerang TruTV TBS |
| Wabsteid | cnn.com |
| Availability  |
| Satellite |
| DirecTV (USA) | 202 **(HD/SD)** 1202 (VOD) |
| Dish Network (USA) | 200 **(HD/SD)** 9436 **(HD)** |
| Bell TV (Canadae) | 500 **(SD)** 1578 **(HD)** |
| Shaw Direct (Canadae) | 140/500 **(SD)** 257/331 **(HD)** |
| SKY PerfecTV! (Japan) | 679 **(HD)** |
| Cable |
| Available on maist cable seestems in the US an Canadae | Check local leetins |
| In-hoose (Washington) | 12 |
| Verizon FiOS | 600 (HD) 60 (SD) |
| Satellite radio |
| Sirius | 132 |
| XM | 122 |
| IPTV |
| Bell Fibe TV (Canadae) | 500 **(HD)** 1500 **(SD)** |
| AT&T U-Verse | 1202 **(HD)** 202 **(SD)** |
| Streamin media |
| CNN.com/live | Watch live (US cable subscribers anly) |

**Cable News Network** (**CNN**) is a U.S. cable news chainel foondit in 1980 bi American media mogul Ted Turner. Upon its launch, CNN wis the first chainel tae provide 24-hour televeesion news coverage, an the first aw-news telly chainel in the Unitit States. While the news chainel haes numerous affiliates, CNN primarily broadcasts frae its heidquarters at the CNN Center in Atlanta, the Time Warner Center in New York Ceety, an studios in Washington, D.C., an Los Angeles. CNN is awned bi parent company Time Warner, an the U.S. news chainel is a diveesion o the Turner Broadcasting Seestem.

CNN is sometimes referred tae as **CNN/U.S.** tae distinguish the American chainel frae its internaitional coonterpairt, CNN Internaitional. As o August 2010, CNN is available in ower 100 million U.S. hoosehaulds. Broadcast coverage extends tae ower 890,000 American hotel rooms, an the U.S broadcast is an aa shown in Canadae. Globally, CNN programmin airs through CNN Internaitional, which can be seen bi viewers in ower 212 kintras an territories. Stairtin late 2010, the domestic version CNN/U.S., is available in heich definition tae viewers in Japan unner the name CNN HD.

## Freemit airtins

* Offeecial wabsteid (Mobile)
* CNN Internaitional
# Lipton

Lipton|  |
| Product type | Tea |
| Awner | Unilever |
| Introduced | 1890 (1890) |
| Mercats | Warldwide |
| Wabsteid | www.liptontea.com |

**Lipton** is a brand o tea an wus an aa a supermercat chain in the Unitit Kinrick afore it wis sauld off tae Argyll Foods, tae allae the company tae focus solely on tea. The company is named efter its foonder Thomas Lipton.
# General Electric

General Electric Company| Imagination at work |
| Teep | Public |
| Treddit as | NYSE: GE *Dow Jones Industrial Average Component* *S&P 500 Component* |
| Industrie | Conglomerate |
| Foondit | Schenectady, New York, U.S. (1892 (1892)) |
| Foonder | Thomas Edison, Charles Coffin, Elihu Thomson, Edwin Houston |
| Heidquarters | Fairfield, Connecticut, U.S. |
| Area served | Warldwide |
| Key fowk | Jeffrey Immelt (Chairman & CEO) |
| Products | Appliances, aviation, consumer electronics, electrical distreibution, electric motors, energy, finance, gas, healthcare, lichtin, locomotives, ile, saftware, watter, wappens, wind turbines |
| Revenue |  US$123.7 billion (2016) |
| Operatin income |  US$9.03 billion (2016) |
| Net income |  US$8.83 billion (2016) |
| Tot assets |  US$365.2 billion (2016) |
| Tot equity |  US$75.80 billion (2016) |
| Nummer o employees | 333,000 (2016) |
| Subsidiaries | GE Capital, GE Energy, GE Technology Infrastructure, GE Home & Business Solutions |
| Wabsteid | GE.com |

**General Electric**, or **GE**, is an American multinaitional conglomerate corporation incorporatit in Schenectady, New York an heidquartert in Fairfield, Connecticut, Unitit States. The company operates throu five segments: Energy, Technology Infrastructure, Capital Finance an Consumer & Industrial.

In 2011, GE ranked amang the Fortune 500 as the 26t-lairgest firm in the U.S. bi gross revenue, as well as the 14t maist profitable. Houiver, the company is currently leetit the 3rd-lairgest in the warld amang the Forbes Global 2000, further metrics bein taken intae accoont. Ither rankins for 2011/2012 include No. 7 company for leaders (*Fortune*), No. 5 best global brand (*Interbrand*), No. 63 green company (*Newsweek*), No. 15 maist admired company (*Fortune*), an No. 19 maist innovative company (*Fast Company*).
# Banner o Fraunce

The **naitional banner o Fraunce** (kent in French as *drapeau tricolore*, *drapeau français*, an in military parlance, *les couleurs*) is a tricolour featurin three vertical baunds coloured ryal blue (hoist side), white, an reid. It is kent tae Inglis speakers as the **French tricolour** or simply the **tricolour**.

The ryal govrenment uised mony banners, the best kent bein a blue shield an yellae fleur-de-lis on a white backgrund, or state banner. Early in the French Revolution, the Paris militia, which played a prominent role in the stormin o the Bastille, wore a cockade o blue an reid, the ceety's traditional colors. Accordin tae Lafayette, white, the "ancient French colour", wis addit tae militia cockade tae create a tricolor, or naitional, cockade. This cockade became pairt o the uniform o the Naitional Guard, which succeedit the militia an wis commandit bi Lafayette. The colors an design o the cockade are the basis o the Tricolour banner, adoptit in 1790. A modified design bi Jacques-Louis David wis adoptit in 1794. A solit white banner wis uised durin the Bourbon restoration in 1815-1830, but the tricolor haes been uised syne.
# Inglis Channel

Satellite pictur o the Inglis Chainel
The **Inglis Chainel** (Inglis: *English Channel*; French: *Manche*, "sleeve") is a pairt o the Atlantic Ocean that sinders the island o Great Breetain frae northren Fraunce an jynes the German Ocean tae the Atlantic. It is aboot 562 km (350 mile) lang an varies in weenth frae 240 km (150 mile) at its braidest tae anerly 34 km (21 mile) in the Strait o Dover. It is the smawest o the shallae seas roond the continental shelf o Europe, kiverin an area o anerly some 75,000 km² (29,000 square mile).

## See forby

* The Chainel Tunnel that gangs unner the Inglis Chainel
# European Fowk's Pairty

The **European Fowk's Pairty (EPP)** (Inglis: *European People's Party*) is a maist poleetical pairty in the European Union. It wis fand as a Christian democratic pairtie, but growed tae include conservative parties an aw. It is the mucklest pairty in the European Pairlament, European Cooncil, an European Commission. It was fand in 1976, and has had the maist Memmers o the European Pairlament sin 1999. Wilfried Martens is the Preses of the EPP, and José Manuel Barroso, the Preses of the European Commission, is a memmer of the pairty an aw.
# Temperate climate

The different geografical zones
In geografie, **temperate** or **tepid** latitudes o the globe lie atween the tropics an the polar regions.

Chynges in temperatur atween simmers an winters in temperate regions is maistly middlin rather nor austern. Houiver, in certaint temperate latitudes distant frae the sea, sic as central Asie an central North Americae, the differ atween simmer an winter is mair fell an the climate in thir pairts is cried continental. In some auries coontit as tropical, on the ither haun, localities at heich altitudes, sic as pairts o the Andes, micht hae a temperate climate.